Educating Nursing Students About Delivering Culturally Sensitive Care to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Questioning/Queer, Intersex, Plus Patients: The Impact of an Advocacy Program on Knowledge and Attitudes.

Aim: This study evaluated the effects of a program designed to help students provide culturally competent care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning/queer, intersex, plus (LGBTQI+) patients.

Background: The LGBTQI+ community faces disparities linked to stigma and discrimination. The Advocacy™ Program was developed to supplement the curriculum in schools of nursing.

A critical lens on the instrumentation of caring in nursing theory.

Critical Social Theory (CST) is a methodology that enables the researcher to examine the pressures and constraints in any society, posing the following questions: What is the false consciousness, the gaps and the silences as well as restraining, historical and mindlessly accepted norms. This CST lens is applied to Sumner's theory The Moral Construct of Caring in Nursing as Communicative Action and its instrumentation. The pilot testing data are discussed using Fontana's CST process: critique, context, politics, emancipatory intent, democratic structures, dialectic analysis, and reflexivity.

Lessons learned from a longitudinal qualitative family systems study.

Methodological issues encountered during all phases of a longitudinal qualitative family systems study are described. This article focuses on (1) separate researchers and sites, (2) recruitment and retention of study participants, (3) data collection concerns, (4) family variances, (5) conflicting roles of nurse and researcher, and (6) family disengagement. Achieving and maintaining scientific rigor in longitudinal qualitative studies can be challenging if consistent attention is not given to issues that surface during all phases of the study.