Dietary quality and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in colon cancer.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and dose-limiting chemotoxicity caused by oxaliplatin. This study investigated the relationship between dietary quality and the development of moderate and/or severe CIPN in colon cancer survivors using data from the Focus on Reducing Dose-Limiting Toxicities in Colon Cancer with Resistance Exercise trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03291951).

Comparing stand-alone endovascular embolization versus stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations with Spetzler-Martin grades I-III: a propensity score matched study.

Background: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are uncommon cerebral lesions that can cause significant neurological complications. Surgical resection is the gold standard for treatment, but endovascular embolization and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are viable alternatives.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of endovascular embolization versus SRS in the treatment of AVMs with Spetzler-Martin grades I-III.

Deletion of AT receptors selectively in the proximal tubules of the kidney alters the hypotensive and natriuretic response to atrial natriuretic peptide via NPR/cGMP/NO signaling.

In the proximal tubules of the kidney, angiotensin II (ANG II) binds and activates ANG II type 1 (AT) receptors to stimulate proximal tubule Na reabsorption, whereas atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) binds and activates natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR) to inhibit ANG II-induced proximal tubule Na reabsorption. These two vasoactive systems play important counteracting roles to control Na reabsorption in the proximal tubules and help maintain blood pressure homeostasis. However, how AT and NPR receptors interact in the proximal tubules and whether natriuretic effects of NPR receptor activation by ANP may be potentiated by deletion of AT (AT) receptors selectively in the proximal tubules have not been studied previously.

The Effect of Venous Augmentation on Complication Rates in Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Breast Reconstruction.

Background: With the rising popularity of the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap in breast reconstruction, use of the superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) to augment venous outflow has been proposed as a strategy to prevent venous congestion, a complication positively associated with flap volume. This study evaluated the impact of routine SIEV venous augmentation on the risk of vascular complications or operative fat necrosis in the context of flap size and operating time.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study compared complication rates of patients with SIEV-augmented DIEP flaps to controls over a 3-year period.

Education Research: EEG Education in Child Neurology and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities Residencies: A Survey of US and Canadian Program Directors.

Background And Objectives: In the United States, many child neurologists (CNs) and neurodevelopmental disability (NDD) specialists who read EEGs in clinical practice had no additional EEG training other than what was received during residency. This practice highlights the importance of ensuring that CN/NDD residents achieve EEG competence before graduation. However, prior survey-based evidence showed that roughly a third of graduating CN residents in the United States do not feel confident interpreting EEGs independently.

Education Research: Competency-Based EEG Education: An Online Routine EEG Examination for Adult and Child Neurology Residents.

Background And Objectives: We recently published expert consensus-based curricular objectives for routine EEG (rEEG) interpretation for adult and child neurology residents. In this study, we used this curriculum framework to develop and validate an online, competency-based, formative and summative rEEG examination for neurology residents.

Methods: We developed an online rEEG examination consisting of a brief survey and 30 multiple-choice questions covering EEG learning objectives for neurology residents in 4 domains: normal, abnormal, normal variants, and artifacts.

Survival Outcomes of Total Laryngectomy: Evaluating the Intersection of Race and Social Determinants.

Objective: Analyze joint effects of race and social determinants on survival outcomes for patients undergoing total laryngectomy for advanced or recurrent laryngeal cancer at a tertiary care institute.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of adult patients undergoing total laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer at a tertiary care center from 2013 to 2020. Extracted data included demographics, pathological staging and features, treatment modalities, and outcomes such as recurrence, fistula formation, and 2- and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

Acute estradiol and progesterone therapy in hospitalized adults to reduce COVID-19 severity: a randomized control trial.

COVID-19 outcomes are less severe in women than men suggesting that female sex is protective. The steroids estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) promote anti-inflammatory immune responses and their therapeutic use for COVID-19 has been under investigation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a short systemic E2 and P4 combination in mitigating COVID-19 severity in hospitalized men and women.

BNST CRF receptor type 1 modulates mechanical hypersensitivity induced by adolescent alcohol exposure in adult female mice.

Rationale: Alcohol exposure during adolescence has been linked to long-lasting behavioral consequences, contributing to the development of alcohol use disorder. Negative affect and chronic pain during alcohol withdrawal are critical factors influencing problematic alcohol use and relapse. Our previous research demonstrated that adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) vapor exposure elicits sex-specific negative affect-like behavior in adult mice following stress exposure.

Characterizing the Monomer-Dimer Equilibrium of UbcH8/Ube2L6: A Combined SAXS and NMR Study.

Interferon-stimulated gene-15 (ISG15) is an interferon-induced protein with two ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domains linked by a short peptide chain and is a conjugated protein of the ISGylation system. Similar to ubiquitin and other Ubls, ISG15 is ligated to its target proteins through a series of E1, E2, and E3 enzymes known as Uba7, Ube2L6/UbcH8, and HERC5, respectively. Ube2L6/UbcH8 plays a central role in ISGylation, underscoring it as an important drug target for boosting innate antiviral immunity.

RIPK1 is essential for Herpes Simplex Virus-triggered ZBP1-dependent necroptosis in human cells.

Necroptosis initiated by the host sensor Z-NA Binding Protein-1 (ZBP1) is essential for host defense against a growing number of viruses, including Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1). Studies with HSV-1 and other necroptogenic stimuli in murine settings have suggested that ZBP1 triggers necroptosis by directly complexing with the kinase RIPK3. Whether this is also the case in human cells, or whether additional co-factors are needed for ZBP1-mediated necroptosis, is unclear.

Calculation and Comparison of Step Guidelines for Preschooler Physical Activity While Indoors.

Objectives: Preschooler physical activity (PA) is vital for growth and development. The World Health Organization PA guidelines state preschoolers should achieve ≥ 180 min/day of Total PA (TPA) of which ≥ 60 min is moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). A step/day recommendation to match these guidelines may be a more practical metric for caregivers to promote PA.

The HCV-Melanoma Paradox: First Multi-Cohort and Molecular Net-Work Analysis Reveals Lower Incidence but Worse Outcomes-Integrating Clinical, Real-World, and In Silico Data.

: The relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and melanoma remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between HCV and melanoma, assess outcomes in patients with both conditions, and explore potential molecular mechanisms connecting the two diseases. : We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 142 melanoma patients, including 29 with HCV-related cirrhosis, and analyzed their clinical outcomes.

A novel model of autologous tooth transplantation for the study of nerve recruitment.

Background: Limited treatment options exist for damaged nerves and despite impressive advances in tissue engineering, scientists and clinicians have yet to fully replicate nerve development and recruitment. Innervation is a critical feature for normal organ function. While most organs are innervated prior to birth, a rare example of postnatal nerve recruitment occurs in the natural development of secondary teeth during adolescence.

Inhibition of hepatic oxalate overproduction ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

The incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is on the rise, and with limited pharmacological therapy available, identification of new metabolic targets is urgently needed. Oxalate is a terminal metabolite produced from glyoxylate by hepatic lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA). The liver-specific alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT) detoxifies glyoxylate, preventing oxalate accumulation.

Higher 10-Year Survival with Breast-Conserving Therapy over Mastectomy for Women with Early-Stage (I-II) Breast Cancer: Analysis of the CDC Patterns of Care Data Base.

Background: Studies in the United States are scarce that assess the survival differences between breast-conserving surgery plus radiation (Breast-Conserving Therapy; BCT) and mastectomy groups using population-based data while accounting for sociodemographic and clinical factors that affect the survival of women with early-stage breast cancer (ESBC).

Objective: To assess whether BCT provides superior long-term overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) compared with mastectomy in women with ESBC, while considering key factors that impact survival.

Design: Cohort study.