Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal With the Hemolung in Patients With Acute-on-Chronic Respiratory Failure: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) devices are increasingly used in treating acute-on-chronic respiratory failure caused by chronic lung diseases. There are no large studies that investigated safety, efficacy, and the independent association of prognostic variables to survival that could define the role of ECCO2R devices in such patients. This multicenter, multinational, retrospective study investigated the efficacy, safety of a single ECCO2R device (Hemolung) in patients with acute on chronic respiratory failure and identified variables independently associated with intensive care unit (ICU) survival.

"How to Release or Not Release, That Is the Question." A Review of Interleukin-1 Cellular Release Mechanisms in Vascular Inflammation.

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide, characterized by atherosclerotic activity within large and medium-sized arteries. Inflammation has been shown to be a primary driver of atherosclerotic plaque formation, with interleukin-1 (IL-1) having a principal role. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge of molecular mechanisms of IL-1 release from cells in atherosclerotic plaques.

Ribosomal dysregulation: A conserved pathophysiological mechanism in human depression and mouse chronic stress.

The underlying biological mechanisms that contribute to the heterogeneity of major depressive disorder (MDD) presentation remain poorly understood, highlighting the need for a conceptual framework that can explain this variability and bridge the gap between animal models and clinical endpoints. Here, we hypothesize that comparative analysis of molecular data from different experimental systems of chronic stress, and MDD has the potential to provide insight into these mechanisms and address this gap. Thus, we compared transcriptomic profiles of brain tissue from postmortem MDD subjects and from mice exposed to chronic variable stress (CVS) to identify orthologous genes.

Management Strategies of Plasma Cell Granuloma Involving the Central Nervous System: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: Plasma cell granuloma (PCG) is a rare clinical entity seen in the neurosurgical literature. It has often been referred to as inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor or inflammatory pseudotumor. No well-defined management guidelines exist in the literature.

Measuring hand movement for suturing skill assessment: A simulation-based study.

Background: To maximize patient safety, surgical skills education is increasingly adopting simulation-based curricula for formative skills assessment and training. However, many standardized assessment tools rely on human raters for performance assessment, which is resource-intensive and subjective. Simulators that provide automated and objective metrics from sensor data can address this limitation.

Osteitis Condensans Illi - An overlooked cause of low back pain mimicking sacroiliitis.

Osteitis Condensans Illi (OCI) is an underrecognized cause of low back pain involving iliac bones with relative sparing of sacroiliac joint. We present a case of 48-year-old female who was diagnosed as a case of OCI after having back symptoms for 4 years.

Best practice considerations on the assessment of robotic assisted surgical systems: results from an international consensus expert panel.

Background: Health technology assessments (HTAs) of robotic assisted surgery (RAS) face several challenges in assessing the value of robotic surgical platforms. As a result of using different assessment methods, previous HTAs have reached different conclusions when evaluating RAS. While the number of available systems and surgical procedures is rapidly growing, existing frameworks for assessing MedTech provide a starting point, but specific considerations are needed for HTAs of RAS to ensure consistent results.

Objective Evaluation of Clock Face Suture Using the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS) Checklist.

Objective: Assessment of the quality of the final product (QFP) is critical in simulation training, such as the clock face suture (CFS) exercise that is used to assess trainees' needle handling and suturing accuracy. Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS) scores are the gold standard for the evaluation of trainees. The aim was to investigate variability in the use of OSATS checklists and to evaluate a semi-automatic method of suture analysis OSATS scores.

The limited use of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant for fit older patients with multiple myeloma in India: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) predominantly affects older patients; many of whom do not undergo autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT) despite the associated survival benefits. This study was conceived to investigate the patterns of AHSCT among MM patients with due regard to their age and standardized fitness assessments.

Methods: Fitness scores as per the hematopoietic stem cell transplant-comorbidity index (HSCT-CI) and risk scores as per the revised-myeloma comorbidity index (R-MCI) of MM patients treated between January 2017 and December 2019 were analyzed to assess fitness for AHSCT.

Cediranib, a pan-inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, inhibits proliferation and enhances therapeutic sensitivity in glioblastoma cells.

Aims: Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor. Rapid progression, active angiogenesis, and therapy resistance are major reasons for its high mortality. Elevated expression of members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family suggests that anti-VEGF therapies may be potent anti-glioma therapeutic approaches.

Interventional pain management for a patient with chronic post-traumatic headaches after a traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and chronic post-traumatic headaches (PTH) have affected many military personnel. The increasing use of improvised explosive devices have made blast- and explosive-related head injuries more common than in previous wars [1, 2]. Data from Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn demonstrate that a significant portion of military TBIs are caused by blast-related injuries [3, 4].

LC-MS Lipidomics: Exploiting a Simple High-Throughput Method for the Comprehensive Extraction of Lipids in a Ruminant Fat Dose-Response Study.

Typical lipidomics methods incorporate a liquid-liquid extraction with LC-MS quantitation; however, the classic sample extraction methods are not high-throughput and do not perform well at extracting the full range of lipids especially, the relatively polar species (e.g., acyl-carnitines and glycosphingolipids).

Mechanical Thrombectomy and Thrombolysis for Dural Venous Sinus Thrombosis.

Dural venous sinus thrombosis is a rare yet major cause of stroke and mortality, especially affecting young women and children. Anticoagulation is the mainstay of therapy; however, nearly 13% of the patients experience poor outcome with anticoagulation alone. In addition, nearly one third of the patients with severe presentation have a risk of incomplete recovery with systemic anticoagulation.

Posterior Interhemispheric Precuneal Approach: Fundamental Principles and Case Illustration: 3-Dimensional Operative Video.

Peritrigonal lesions are deeply seated and are surrounded by critical neurovascular structures. Traditional transcortical approaches carry the risk of damage to important surrounding white matter tracts. In this regard, a posterior interhemispheric approach gives a more direct and less invasive route and therefore is a reasonable alternative to transcortical approaches.

Student and faculty perspectives of a faculty-student mentoring programme in a dental school.

Purpose/objectives: In addition to an established peer mentoring programme, the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Dentistry introduced a faculty-student mentoring programme, the first-year dental student (D1)-Faculty Guide Program, in 2013. The intent of the D1-Guide Program was to provide faculty mentorship for D1 students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the programme and identify areas for improvement.

The Dietary Total-Fat Content Affects the In Vivo Circulating C15:0 and C17:0 Fatty Acid Levels Independently.

Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) have been described as dietary biomarkers of dairy-fat consumption, with varying degrees of reliability between studies. It remains unclear how the total amount of dietary fat, representing one of the main confounding factors in these biomarker investigations, affects C15:0 and C17:0 circulating concentrations independent of their relative intake. Additionally, it is not clear how changes in the dietary total-fat affects other fatty acids in circulation.

Retromastoid Approach for Posterior Fossa Skull Base Rosai-Dorfman Disease-A Rare Pathology: 3-Dimensional Operative Video.

Rosai-Dorfman disease, originally described by Juan Rosai and Ronald F. Dorfman, is a rare benign histiocytic proliferative disorder, classically presenting with massive lymphadenopathy and a self-limiting clinical course.1 Isolated intracranial skull base involvement is extremely rare and often resembles meningiomas, schwannomas, or other benign skull base lesions.

Surgery of Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma: A Technical Purview on Pterional Approach.

 Amidst the raging debate between transnasal and transcranial approaches, the critical factor that dictates success lies in the meticulous dissection of the tumor from the optic apparatus, anterior communicating artery complex, and the pituitary stalk. In this surgical video, we describe the resection of a tuberculum sellae meningioma through the pterional approach highlighting dissection through the appropriate arachnoidal plane.  The patient is a 75-year-old female who presented with optic nerve compression with bitemporal hemianopia and endocrine function abnormalities.

Hydrogen sulfide increases glutathione biosynthesis, and glucose uptake and utilisation in CC mouse myotubes.

Diabetic patients have lower blood concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (HS), L-cysteine (LC), and glutathione (GSH). Using CC mouse myotubes as a model, this study investigates the hypothesis that the beneficial effects of LC supplementation are mediated by upregulation of the HS status under diabetic conditions. Results show that exogenous administration of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 10 or 20 µM; 6 hours), a HS donor, significantly (p < .

Maternal HIV-1 Env Vaccination for Systemic and Breast Milk Immunity To Prevent Oral SHIV Acquisition in Infant Macaques.

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) contributes to an estimated 150,000 new infections annually. Maternal vaccination has proven safe and effective at mitigating the impact of other neonatal pathogens and is one avenue toward generating the potentially protective immune responses necessary to inhibit HIV-1 infection of infants through breastfeeding. In the present study, we tested the efficacy of a maternal vaccine regimen consisting of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) 1086.

Immune Protection against Lethal Fungal-Bacterial Intra-Abdominal Infections.

Polymicrobial intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are clinically prevalent and cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially those involving fungi. Our laboratory developed a mouse model of IAI and demonstrated that intraperitoneal inoculation with or other virulent non- (NAC) species plus resulted in 70 to 80% mortality in 48 to 72 h due to robust local and systemic inflammation (sepsis). Surprisingly, inoculation with or with resulted in minimal mortality, and rechallenge of these mice with lethal / (i.