Sex Disparities Affecting Postoperative Outcomes After Total Elbow Arthroplasty.

Purpose: To investigate sex disparities in 30-day postoperative outcomes of total elbow arthroplasty.

Methods: The American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program files were queried for all patients who underwent a total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) between 2006 and 2020. Sex disparities in preoperative variables were studied using Fisher exact tests.

The Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Review of Pathophysiology, Clinical Outcomes, and Therapeutic Potential.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric condition frequently associated with cirrhosis and portosystemic shunting (PSS). It imposes a significant clinical and economic burden, with increasing attention toward identifying modifiable factors that could improve outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency (VDD), prevalent in patients with cirrhosis, may contribute to the development and severity of HE.

The Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Use in Service Members and Veterans with Migraine and Post-Traumatic Headache Disorders: A Scoping Review.

Objective: To delineate the trend of use of botulinum toxin, including onabotulinum toxinA (OTA), in active military personnel and veterans with the diagnoses of migraine and post-traumatic headache (PTH) and describe the efficacy of botulinum toxin administration.

Background: Service members and veterans represent a unique population in the medical management of headache disorders, particularly migraine. They exhibit higher susceptibility to pain of greater intensity and longer durations, possibly due to their history of exposure to combat, trauma, and the associated psychological stresses.

Viral microRNA regulation of Akt is necessary for reactivation of Human Cytomegalovirus from latency in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells and humanized mice.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) actively manipulates cellular signaling pathways to benefit viral replication. Phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling is an important negative regulator of HCMV replication, and during lytic infection the virus utilizes pUL38 to limit Akt phosphorylation and activity. During latency, PI3K/Akt signaling also limits virus replication, but how this is overcome at the time of reactivation is unknown.

Diagnostic yield and therapeutic implications of vascular imaging in acute ischemic stroke: prospective and consecutive study of small vessel versus large vessel ischemia.

Introduction: To evaluate patients acute cerebral ischemia in order to assess for factors which may help to differentiate patients with small vessel involvement from those with large vessel involvement in an effort to determine diagnostic yield of vascular imaging.

Material And Method: We prospectively and consecutively evaluated all acute ischemic stroke patients at our medical center from May 16, 2021 to December 10, 2021. Distinction between small vessel and large vessel involvement was based upon clinical presentation, the results of brain imaging and either computed tomographic angiography, in the vast majority, or magnetic resonance angiography.

Kratom: A Narrative Review of the Possible Clinical Uses and Dangers of This Opioid-Like Plant.

The term "kratom" refers to a plant species formally known as  Kratom is composed of over 40 alkaloids, a type of organic compound that contains nitrogen. These compounds work primarily via binding to opioid receptors expressed on neurons, where they stimulate signal transduction mechanisms involving the activation of G proteins. Kratom has been shown to cause both a stimulant-like effect and a sedative effect in humans.

Viral susceptibility and innate immune competency of bat cells produced for virological studies.

Multiple viruses that are highly pathogenic in humans are known to have evolved in bats. How bats tolerate infection with these viruses, however, is poorly understood. As viruses engage in a wide range of interactions with their hosts, it is essential to study bat viruses in a system that resembles their natural environment like bat-derived cellular models.

The Impact of Anesthesia on Dermatological Outcomes: A Narrative Review.

Anesthesia is an essential component of dermatologic procedures, influencing pain management and patient outcomes, including wound healing, infection control, and cosmetic appearance. This review examines the impact of various anesthetic techniques, topical, local, regional, and general, on dermatological outcomes. The findings reveal that while local anesthesia is preferred due to its efficacy and safety, specialized considerations are necessary for pediatric, geriatric, and high-risk patients.

Ketone ester-enriched diet ameliorates motor and dopamine release deficits in MitoPark mice.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor dysfunction and dopamine deficits. The MitoPark (MP) mouse model of PD recapitulates several facets of Parkinson's disease, including gradual development of motor deficits, which enables the study of potential therapeutic interventions. One therapeutic strategy involves decreasing the mitochondrial metabolic load by inducing ketosis and providing an alternative energy source for neurons, leading to decreased neuronal oxidative stress.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with adult-onset Still's disease: report of a rare entity.

Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare, systemic inflammatory disorder characterised by daily fever, arthritis, a salmon-pink rash and leucocytosis. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is included in the class of thrombotic microangiopathies and manifests clinically as microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA), thrombocytopenia and ischaemic tissue injury secondary to microthrombi. TTP is caused by either an autoimmune, congenital or idiopathic deficiency of ADAMTS13 and carries a high mortality rate.

Amid magic and menace: psychiatrists' attitudes to psilocybin therapy.

Objectives: Understanding variations in knowledge and attitudes of psychiatrists to psilocybin therapy is important for the collective discourse about the potential impact on clinical practice and public health in Ireland.

Methods: A 28-item questionnaire was designed based on previous studies and distributed to psychiatrists in Ireland via online mailing lists and at in-person academic events.

Results: 151 psychiatrists completed the questionnaire (73.

Virtual Reality for Postoperative Pain Management: A Review of Current Evidence.

Purpose Of Review: With the ongoing opioid crisis, there is a continued need to develop multimodal pain management strategies inclusive of non-pharmacological treatments. Virtual reality (VR) offers a non-invasive treatment approach for the management of acute and chronic pain including postoperative pain. The aim of this review is to describe the use of VR and its effect on pain-related outcome measures compared to routine care in various types of surgical procedures.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in a Squamous Odontogenic Tumor of the Maxilla: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) is an exceedingly rare, benign epithelial odontogenic tumor showing squamous differentiation. It is composed of variably sized and shaped islands of cytologically bland, mature squamous epithelium within a fibrous stroma. In this report, we present a rare transformation of a squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) of the maxilla into a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with involvement of the pterygoid plates.

Healthcare Provider's Preferences on Open Versus Restricted Visiting Hours in Surgical Intensive Care Unit.

Background: The increasing consideration of open visiting hours in intensive care units (ICUs) has presented implementation challenges. Recognizing the invaluable insights of healthcare providers, this study aimed to assess their perspectives on the potential impact of altering ICU visiting policies on patient care.

Materials And Methods:  In a single-institution, cross-sectional study, a five-point Likert survey was administered to healthcare providers working in a surgical ICU to assess their perceptions of open and restricted visiting hours.

Financial toxicity in patients with glioblastoma.

Purpose: There has been mounting interest in understanding the impact of financial toxicity (FT) in various cancer types; however, it remains poorly understood and understudied within neuro-oncology-especially as it relates to neurosurgical components of patient care.

Methods: Retrospective, single-center study of patients who underwent craniotomy for resection of glioblastoma from 2020 to 2022. OIBEE™ (Austin, Texas) software was queried to identify the subset of these patients who had a bad debt charged to their account.

The association between patient age, abscess size, and white blood cell count on duration of catheter stay for percutaneous abscess drainage of abdominal abscesses.

Objective: Knowing factors that impact catheter stay duration is important since removing drainage catheters too early or late can have significant consequences. We present a single center retrospective study that analyzes multiple variables, including abscess size, white blood cell count, and patient age, to see if a correlation between them and duration of catheter stay exists. The inclusion criteria were patients that had abdominal abscesses treated with percutaneous abscess drainage using a pigtail catheter, ≥ 18 years of age, and had available medical images and records.

Misdiagnosis in an Autistic Adolescent.

With the increase in autism diagnoses in recent years due to improved public and clinical awareness, the association between autism and mental health has emerged as an important issue for patients and their caregivers. Although many with autism spectrum disorder also have coexisting mental health conditions, there exist differences in the presentation and etiology of these symptoms. This case report explains an interaction with a 17-year-old adolescent autistic male with a history of mild depression who was found non-responsive in the shower at home.

RIPK1 is essential for Herpes Simplex Virus-triggered ZBP1-dependent necroptosis in human cells.

Necroptosis initiated by the host sensor Z-NA Binding Protein-1 (ZBP1) is essential for host defense against a growing number of viruses, including Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1). Studies with HSV-1 and other necroptogenic stimuli in murine settings have suggested that ZBP1 triggers necroptosis by directly complexing with the kinase RIPK3. Whether this is also the case in human cells, or whether additional co-factors are needed for ZBP1-mediated necroptosis, is unclear.