Stathmin 1 expression in neuroendocrine and proliferating prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men in the United States. While PCa initially responds to androgen deprivation therapy, a significant portion progresses to castration-resistant PCa. Approximately 20-25% of these cases acquire aggressive neuroendocrine (NE) features, ultimately leading to neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC).

Sex-specific differences in mortality and neurocardiac interactions in the Kv1.1 knockout mouse model of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a devastating complication of epilepsy with possible sex-specific risk factors, although the exact relationship between sex and SUDEP remains unclear. To investigate this, we studied Kcna1 knockout (Kcna1) mice, which lack voltage-gated Kv1.1 channel subunits and are widely used as a SUDEP model that mirrors key features in humans.

Activity of the mammalian DNA transposon piggyBat from Myotis lucifugus is restricted by its own transposon ends.

Members of the piggyBac superfamily of DNA transposons are widely distributed in host genomes ranging from insects to mammals. The human genome has retained five piggyBac-derived genes as domesticated elements although they are no longer mobile. Here, we have investigated the transposition properties of piggyBat from Myotis lucifugus, the only known active mammalian DNA transposon, and show that its low activity in human cells is due to subterminal inhibitory DNA sequences.

Pregnancy specific shifts in the maternal microbiome and metabolome in the BPH5 mouse model of superimposed preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with an incidence rate of up to 8% worldwide. However, the complete pathogenesis is still unknown. Obesity increases the risk of developing PE three-fold.

Unique Nucleotide Polymorphism of African Swine Fever Virus Circulating in East Asia and Central Russia.

The lack of data on the whole-genome analysis of genotype II African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates significantly hinders our understanding of its molecular evolution, and as a result, the range of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) necessary to describe a more accurate and complete scheme of its circulation. In this regard, this study aimed to identify unique SNPs, conduct phylogenetic analysis, and determine the level of homology of isolates obtained in the period from 2019 to 2022 in the central and eastern regions of Russia. Twenty-one whole-genome sequences of genotype II ASFV isolates were assembled, analyzed, and submitted to GenBank.

Induction of Tier 2 HIV-Neutralizing IgA Antibodies in Rhesus Macaques Vaccinated with BG505.664 SOSIP.

Background: A goal of mucosal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccines is to generate mucosal plasma cells producing polymeric IgA (pIgA)-neutralizing antibodies at sites of viral entry. However, vaccine immunogens capable of eliciting IgA neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that recognize tier 2 viral isolates have not yet been identified.

Methods: To determine if stabilized native-like HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimers could generate IgA nAbs, we purified total IgA and IgG from the banked sera of six rhesus macaques that had been found in a previous study to develop serum nAbs after subcutaneous immunization with BG505.

Microbubble-Protected Oncolytic Virotherapy Targeted by Sonoporation Induces Tumor Necrosis and T-Lymphocyte Infiltration in Humanized Mice Bearing Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Oncolytic virotherapy has shown great promise in mediating targeted tumor destruction through tumor-selective replication and induction of anti-tumor immunity; however, obstacles remain for virus candidates to reach the clinic. These include avoiding neutralizing antibodies, preventing stimulation of the adaptive immune response during intravenous administration, and inducing sufficient apoptosis and immune activation so that the body's defense can work to eradicate systemic disease. We have developed a co-formulation of oncolytic viruses (OVs) with Imagent lipid-encapsulated, perfluorocarbon microbubbles (MBs) to protect the OVs from the innate and adaptive immune system.

Incidence and Outcomes of Vertebral Compression Fracture Among Patients Infected with COVID-19.

: Early studies have suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has a deleterious effect on bone mineral density and may increase the risk of pathological fractures. This study characterized vertebral compression fractures in patients with and without a prior diagnosis of COVID-19. : Using a nationwide claims database, this retrospective study used ICD-10 billing codes to identify patients with a diagnosis of vertebral compression fracture from January 2020 to April 2022.

A multi-constraint Monte Carlo Simulation approach to downscaling cancer data.

This study employs an innovative multi-constraint Monte Carlo simulation method to estimate suppressed county-level cancer counts for population subgroups and extend the downscaling from county to ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTA) in the U.S. Given the known cancer counts at a higher geographic level and larger demographic groups at the same geographic level as constraints, this method uses the population structure as probability in the Monte Carlo simulation process to estimate suppressed data entries.

The Southern Center for Maternal Health Equity (SCMHE): a multisector multifaceted community-based approach to reduce disparities in maternal morbidity and mortality in the Gulf South.

Introduction: The maternal mortality crisis in the United States disproportionately affects women who are Black, especially those living in the Gulf South. These disparities result from a confluence of healthcare, policy, and social factors that systematically place Black women at greater risk of maternal morbidities and mortality. This study protocol describes the Southern Center for Maternal Health Equity (SCMHE), a research center funded by the National Institutes of Health in 2023 to reduce preventable causes of maternal morbidity and mortality while improving health equity.

Mapping resilience and co-occurring theoretical constructs in nurses: a scoping review protocol.

Objective: The aim of this scoping review is to map the concept of resilience and its measurement along with co-occurring theoretical constructs within nursing research using the COVID-19 pandemic as a critical date range for the current evidence.

Introduction: Resilience has a wide variety of definitions in research literature and is often measured through its co-occurring theoretical constructs. Nurse resilience is a key element in interventions targeting nurse well-being and has been tied to burnout and mental health.

Influence of Obesity, Race and Gender on Radiation Exposure for Epidural Procedures.

Purpose Of Review: This retrospective, case controlled, comparative evaluation review of radiation exposure during epidural procedures in interventional pain management assessed variations in radiation exposure based on obesity, race, and gender.

Recent Findings: Numerous publications have shown increasing radiation exposure based on body mass index (BMI). However, the influence of race and gender have not been studied.

Evolving Treatment Strategies for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Clinical Practice: A Narrative Review.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that more commonly affects African American people, although it is seen in people of all racial backgrounds. This condition is characterized by a dysregulated immune response resulting in widespread inflammation. Clinical manifestations caused by this inflammation include arthritis, anemia, cutaneous rashes, pleuritis, and nephritis.

"Developing a manual clinical trials screening process in a diverse southern gynecologic oncology practice".

Objective: There is no standard clinical trial screening process in gynecologic oncology. In our low resource, highly diverse gynecologic oncology patient population, we sought to create an equitable, adaptable, manual screening process.

Methods: Our objective is to describe our clinical trial screening process and success in improving trial enrollment.

Enhancing immune response and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma with novel oncolytic Jurona virus and immune checkpoint blockade.

Members of the genus including Jurona virus (JURV) have emerged as promising immunotherapeutic agents, characterized by their tumor selectivity, fast kinetics, low seroprevalence, and minimal toxicity in humans. Here, we demonstrate that the administration of JURV leads to tumor regression in both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenograft and syngeneic models. Furthermore, our findings indicate that combining JURV and anti-PD-1 therapy reduced tumor burden and improved survival rates over JURV or anti-PD-1 alone in an orthotopic HCC model.

A national survey of the gastrointestinal nematode control practices used by goat producers in the United States.

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasites are a major constraint to goat production. GIN parasite control has relied primarily on the use of anthelmintic drugs. A major issue in goat operations globally, including in the United States (U.

Associations between cannabis use and same-day health and substance use behaviors.

Objective: Cannabis use has increased in the United States as states have legalized/decriminalized recreational and/or medicinal use. The primary aim of this study was to examine daily associations between cannabis use and health (physical activity [PA]) and substance use (alcohol consumption, cigarette use) behaviors.

Method: Data from a 28-day nationwide study that prompted daily ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) were used to assess daily cannabis use, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), alcohol containing drinks consumed, and cigarettes smoked.

Closed Treatment of the Internal Nasal Valve.

The internal nasal valve, the narrowest portion of the nasal airway, is prone to collapse and is often targeted for improvement in nasal reconstruction and rhinoplasty. Endonasal techniques can reduce surrounding trauma and reduce operative times compared to traditional open methods. Options include the use of spreader, butterfly and alar batten grafts, suspension and flaring sutures, and Z-plasty for scarring.

Efficacy of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Management of Cancer Pain: a Meta Analysis.

Purpose Of Review: The present investigation assesses efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on relief of cancer or chemotherapy-related pain. Patients with cancer experience a relatively high prevalence of pain that is reportedly undertreated. Therefore, this analysis is pertinent to determine if TENS is a useful complementary therapy considering its increase in accessibility and minimal side effect profile.

Efficacy of Immunotherapy for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic condition characterized by disproportional pain typically affecting an extremity. Management of CRPS is centered around specific symptomatology, which tends to be a combination of autonomic dysfunction, nociceptive sensitization, chronic inflammation, and/or motor dysfunction. Targeting the autoimmune component of CRPS provides a way to both symptomatically treat as well as minimize progression of CRPS.

Efficacy, Indications, and Safety of Intrathecal Baclofen Pump: A Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: Baclofen, a muscle relaxant that reduces the release of excitatory neurotransmitters in the pre-synaptic neurons stimulating inhibitory neuronal signals in post-synaptic neurons, has been around for over 5 decades. Baclofen is used primarily for spasticity and since 1982, has had a role as an intrathecal agent. In the present investigation, we review research trends and updates on safety and efficacy of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pumps.

Efficacy of Transversus Thoracic Plane Block for Pain Management in Cardiac Surgeries.

Purpose Of Review: Effective pain management in cardiac surgery presents as a continuous challenge related to the intensity of postoperative pain and reliance on opioid therapy. The dependance of opioid-based therapies is concerning, as these therapies carry risk future addiction and potential severe side effects. The transversus thoracic plane block (TTPB) has emerged as a promising regional anesthesia technique that blocks the anterior branches of the intercostal nerves in the chest wall, potentially providing improved analgesia for cardiac surgery patients.

Rhomboid Intercostal and Subserratus Plane Block for Acute Pain Management after Abdominal Surgeries: A Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: The rhomboid intercostal and subserratus plane (RISS) block is an effective, safer alternative for managing postoperative acute pain following abdominal surgeries. The RISS block offers several advantages over traditional approaches, including reduced incidence of puncture-related complications, lower rates of systemic opioid consumption, and more consistent analgesic coverage of lower thoracic dermatomes.

Recent Findings: Despite a favorable safety profile, the RISS block carries potential risks, such as pneumothorax and local anesthetic systemic toxicity, particularly when long-acting anesthetics such as bupivacaine or ropivacaine are used.