Vascular Disturbances of the Skin in Critically Ill Patients: Lines, Dots, Patches.

When an understanding of pathogenesis exists, skin lesions that have the appearance of blood in the skin can provide insight into the mechanisms leading to a systemic process that results in cutaneous manifestations. Of the vascular disturbances of the skin that occur in critically ill patients, some result from a non-hemorrhagic process while occurs represent bleeding into the skin. The lesions of livedo, petechiae, purpura, and ecchymoses can be approached from such a perspective.

Pathology discovered in the "first patient" can be the silent teacher of self-directed learning.

Pathology found during cadaveric dissection has been used to model integrative teaching methods for medical students at several institutions. Recent evidence has shown that pathology found during dissection can be used in the design of self-directed learning (SDL) activities with standards that are difficult to meet. This study presents a novel method for providing formative feedback, one of the most challenging aspects for LCME accreditation of SDL activities.

Novel Digital Anomalies, Hippocampal Atrophy, and Mutations Expand the Genotypic and Phenotypic Spectra of CNKSR2 in the Houge Type of X-Linked Syndromic Intellectual Development Disorder (MRXSHG).

The Houge type of X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder (MRXSHG) encompasses a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by intellectual disability (ID), language/speech delay, attention issues, and epilepsy. These conditions arise from hemizygous or heterozygous deletions, along with point mutations, affecting CNKSR2, a gene located at Xp22.12.

American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Review of Body Composition.

Although the body mass index (BMI) has been used as a measure of obesity for decades, it is now possible to measure adiposity more directly with technologies that can quantitate body fat and other tissues. The purpose of this review is to understand body composition, describe the different ways to measure it, review changes in body composition after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), and provide guidance on how providers can introduce measurements of body composition into their everyday practice.

The Effect of Heat-treated Poultry Pellets and Composted Poultry Litter on E. coli Survival in Southeastern US Soils: Florida and Georgia.

Biological soil amendments of animal origin (BSAAO) are a source of foodborne pathogens that can contaminate fresh produce. This study evaluated the survival of E. coli over 140 d in agricultural soils amended with composted poultry litter (PL), heat-treated poultry pellets (HTPP), or unamended (UN) in Florida (FL) and Georgia (GA).

Prompt Initiation of Maternal Antiretroviral Therapy After HIV Seroconversion in Pregnancy Effectively Prevents Vertical Transmission and Other Adverse Infant Outcomes.

From January 2008 to December 2018, 1348 HIV-exposed infants were born in Porto Alegre, Brazil; 18.8% had adverse infant outcomes (AIO) including vertical transmission (1.9%), stillbirth/neonatal death (4.

Influence of antibody-drug conjugate cleavability, drug-to-antibody ratio, and free payload concentration on systemic toxicities: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

While in theory antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) deliver high-dose chemotherapy directly to target cells, numerous side effects are observed in clinical practice. We sought to determine the effect of linker design (cleavable versus non-cleavable), drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR), and free payload concentration on systemic toxicity. Two systematic reviews were performed via PubMed search of clinical trials published between January 1998-July 2022.

Applications of Nanotechnology for Spatial Omics: Biological Structures and Functions at Nanoscale Resolution.

Spatial omics methods are extensions of traditional histological methods that can illuminate important biomedical mechanisms of physiology and disease by examining the distribution of biomolecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, at microscale resolution within tissues or individual cells. Since, for some applications, the desired resolution for spatial omics approaches the nanometer scale, classical tools have inherent limitations when applied to spatial omics analyses, and they can measure only a limited number of targets. Nanotechnology applications have been instrumental in overcoming these bottlenecks.

Metal Pneumonitis from "Non-toxic" Decorative Cake Dust Aspiration: A Case Report.

Introduction: Metallic luster dusts are decorative agents for cakes and other confections. While some powders are labeled "non-edible," they are also marketed as "non-toxic." We present a case of a child who developed acute metal pneumonitis after accidental aspiration of metallic luster dust.

Sex Disparities Affecting Postoperative Outcomes After Total Elbow Arthroplasty.

Purpose: To investigate sex disparities in 30-day postoperative outcomes of total elbow arthroplasty.

Methods: The American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program files were queried for all patients who underwent a total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) between 2006 and 2020. Sex disparities in preoperative variables were studied using Fisher exact tests.

"The PO-Driven Model": A Basic Science Pipeline for the Bioeconomy with Solutions Inspired by Convergent Evolution for Connecting Parallel Research Ideas.

Basic science research, also called "curiosity-driven research," is fundamental work done with no immediate economic goals but rather a focus on discovery for discovery's sake. However, basic science research is often needed to seed more applied, economically-oriented, research. Both basic and applied research efforts are important aspects of the "bioeconomy" defined here as the contributions to the overall economy from various biology-related fields spanning everything from museum-based natural history research to agricultural food and material production to healthcare.

Effectiveness of ceftazidime-avibactam versus ceftolozane-tazobactam for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the USA (CACTUS): a multicentre, retrospective, observational study.

Background: Ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam are preferred treatment options for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections; however, real-world comparative effectiveness studies are scarce. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences between the agents might affect clinical response rates. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam for treatment of invasive multidrug-resistant P aeruginosa infections.

Impacts of the Bonnet Carré Spillway on common bottlenose dolphins in the Mississippi Sound from 2010 to 2021.

In the last decade, the frequency of the use of the Bonnet Carré Spillway (BCS) to divert water from the Mississippi River by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has dramatically increased. The BCS is designed to protect the city of New Orleans, Louisiana from levee breaches and devastating floods. In 2011 and 2019, during extreme flood events, the USACE diverted 6.

A voice-based algorithm can predict type 2 diabetes status in USA adults: Findings from the Colive Voice study.

The pressing need to reduce undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) globally calls for innovative screening approaches. This study investigates the potential of using a voice-based algorithm to predict T2D status in adults, as the first step towards developing a non-invasive and scalable screening method. We analyzed pre-specified text recordings from 607 US participants from the Colive Voice study registered on ClinicalTrials.

EFFECT OF DIPOTASSIUM ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID AND LITHIUM HEPARIN ANTICOAGULANT ON HEMATOLOGIC VALUES IN THE BEARDED DRAGON () IN A CLINICAL SETTING.

Anticoagulant choice can have significant effect on complete blood counts of reptiles and has not been reported in bearded dragons (). Whole blood was collected from 14 captive individuals and aliquoted into separate blood tubes containing dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and lithium heparin. Samples were shipped and processed within 24 h.

DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION OF AMERICAN ROBINS () WITH FATAL ETHYLENE GLYCOL TOXICOSIS AND CONCURRENT SPP. INFECTION WITH RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF 44 YEARS OF DIAGNOSTIC DATA.

We describe a mortality event involving at least 44 adult American robins () that were found dead on the morning of February 25, 2023 in a residential backyard in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana. Five carcasses were submitted for diagnostic evaluation. All five robins were in good nutritional and feather condition with no external indicators of injury or illness.

Location Preferences for Accessing Long-Acting Injectable Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (LA-PrEP) Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) Currently on Daily Oral PrEP.

We investigated men who have sex with men's (MSM) location preferences for long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis (LA-PrEP). MSM ( = 1076) who completed the 2021 American Men's Internet Survey, were currently prescribed oral PrEP, and expressed LA-PrEP interest reported location preferences for receiving LA-PrEP: healthcare provider (HCP) setting, pharmacy, or at-home. HCP settings were preferred by 60% of participants; 26% preferred home and 14% preferred pharmacy.

Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields for Cervical Spine Fusion in Patients with Risk Factors for Pseudarthrosis.

Background: Certain demographics and/or risk factors contribute to complications following cervical spinal surgery including pseudarthrosis, prolonged pain, and reduced quality of life (QoL). Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation is a non-invasive therapy that may enhance fusion success in at-risk patients.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of post-operative adjunctive PEMF therapy following cervical spinal surgery in subjects at risk for pseudarthrosis.

An Estimate of Preventable Harms Associated With Screening Colonoscopy Overuse in the U.S.

Introduction: Screening colonoscopy is often performed on patients who are younger or older than the ages specified in national guidelines or at shorter intervals than recommended. The annual incidence of harms associated with overuse of screening colonoscopy in the U.S.

Cannabidiol Suppresses Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Progression and Recurrence through Modulating Tryptophan Catabolism.

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an aggressive phenotype of prostate cancer (PC). Tryptophan oxidative catabolism by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) cleaves the indole ring to kynurenine (Kyn), an endogenous ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which activates multiple tumorigenesis pathways. The IDO1-Kyn-AhR axis is aberrantly dysregulated in mCRPC.

Necrotizing Fasciitis and Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Case Report.

Group A (GAS), particularly (), is a significant human pathogen responsible for infections often ranging from mild superficial conditions to severe, life-threatening diseases like necrotizing fasciitis (NF) and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). This case report details the rapid deterioration of a previously healthy 49-year-old woman who presented with localized symptoms in her left thigh, later escalating to septic shock and multi-organ failure related to GAS infection. Initial evaluations indicated significant inflammation and acute kidney injury, prompting broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment.

Gut microbiota profiling in injection drug users with and without HIV-1 infection in Puerto Rico.

Introduction: The full extent of interactions between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, injection drug use, and the human microbiome is unclear. In this study, we examined the microbiomes of HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals, both drug-injecting and non-injecting, to identify bacterial community changes in response to HIV and drug use. We utilized a well-established cohort of people who inject drugs in Puerto Rico, a region with historically high levels of injection drug use and an HIV incidence rate disproportionately associated with drug use.

Independent and Interactive Impacts of Prenatal Exposure to Legal Substances and Childhood Trauma on Emotion Processing in Pre-Adolescents: Preliminary Findings From the ABCD Study.

Objective: This paper investigated the effects of prenatal drug exposure (PDE), childhood trauma (CT), and their interactions on the neurobiological markers for emotion processing.

Method: Here, in a non-clinical sample of pre-adolescents (9-10 years of age) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 6,146), we investigate the impact of PDE to commonly used substances (ie, alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana), CT, and their interaction on emotion processing. From the Emotional N-back functional magnetic resonance imaging task data, we selected 26 regions of interests, previously implicated in emotion processing, and conducted separate linear mixed models (108 total) and accounted for available environmental risk factors.