APP in the Neuromuscular Junction for the Development of Sarcopenia and Alzheimer's Disease.

Sarcopenia, an illness condition usually characterized by a loss of skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength or function, is often associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common type of dementia, leading to memory loss and other cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanisms for their associations and relationships are less well understood. The , a Mendelian gene for early-onset AD, encodes amyloid precursor protein (APP), a transmembrane protein enriched at both the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and synapses in the central nervous system (CNS).

Analysis of electrical stimulation and voluntary muscle contraction on skeletal muscle oxygen uptake and mitochondrial recovery using near-infrared spectroscopy.

Purpose: This investigation was to compare differences in skeletal muscle oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) and mitochondrial recovery between voluntary (VOL) and electrically stimulated (ES) plantarflexion contractions.

Methods: Twelve men and women (26 ± 4.0 years; 171.

Effectiveness of Pictorial Education Handout on Tracheostomy Care Self-efficacy in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer and Family Caregivers: A Pilot Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: Learning and performing tracheostomy care are challenging for laypersons. Effective pictorial patient education handouts are needed for nonprofessional individuals to learn health management skills.

Objectives: The study aims to (1) evaluate the preliminary efficacy of the pictorial education handout on patients' and family members' self-efficacy in tracheostomy care and (2) identify demographic, psychological, and education-related factors associated with lower self-efficacy on tracheostomy care.

Surgeon-level versus hospital-level quality variance in kidney cancer surgery.

Purpose: To determine whether variance in kidney cancer surgery quality indicators (QIs) is most impacted by surgeon-level or hospital-level factors in order to inform quality improvement initiatives.

Materials And Methods: The ICES and Veterans Affairs (VA) databases were queried for patients undergoing surgery for localized kidney cancer. Kidney cancer surgery QIs were defined within each cohort.

Cardiac Structure and Function and Subsequent Kidney Disease Progression in Adults With CKD: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study.

Rationale & Objective: Heart-kidney crosstalk is recognized as the cardiorenal syndrome. We examined the association of cardiac function and structure with the risk of kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT) in a chronic kidney disease (CKD) population.

Study Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Attenuation of Alzheimer's brain pathology in 5XFAD mice by PTH, a peptide of parathyroid hormone.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis are two distinct diseases but often occur in the same patient. Their relationship remains poorly understood. Studies using Tg2576 AD animal model demonstrate bone deficits, which precede the brain phenotypes by several months, arguing for the independence of bone deficits on brain degeneration and raising a question if the bone deficits contribute to the AD development.

Intrafusal-fiber LRP4 for muscle spindle formation and maintenance in adult and aged animals.

Proprioception is sensed by muscle spindles for precise locomotion and body posture. Unlike the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) for muscle contraction which has been well studied, mechanisms of spindle formation are not well understood. Here we show that sensory nerve terminals are disrupted by the mutation of Lrp4, a gene required for NMJ formation; inducible knockout of Lrp4 in adult mice impairs sensory synapses and movement coordination, suggesting that LRP4 is required for spindle formation and maintenance.

Development of a Slow-Degrading Polymerized Curcumin Coating for Intracortical Microelectrodes.

Intracortical microelectrodes are used with brain-computer interfaces to restore lost limb function following nervous system injury. While promising, recording ability of intracortical microelectrodes diminishes over time due, in part, to neuroinflammation. As curcumin has demonstrated neuroprotection through anti-inflammatory activity, we fabricated a 300 nm-thick intracortical microelectrode coating consisting of a polyurethane copolymer of curcumin and polyethylene glycol (PEG), denoted as poly(curcumin-PEG carbamate) (PCPC).

Can Electronic Clinical Decision Support Systems Improve the Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a commonly misdiagnosed infectious syndrome. Diagnostic stewardship interventions can reduce rates of asymptomatic bacteriuria treatment but are often labor intensive, and thus an automated means of reducing unnecessary urine testing is preferred. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we sought to identify studies describing interventions utilizing clinical decision support (CDS) to optimize UTI diagnosis and to characterize the effectiveness of these interventions.

DOK7 Promotes NMJ Regeneration After Nerve Injury.

Motor function recovery from injury requires the regeneration of not only muscle fibers, but also the neuromuscular junction-the synapse between motor nerve terminals and muscle fibers. However, unlike muscle regeneration which has been extensively studied, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of NMJ regeneration. Recognizing the critical role of agrin-LRP4-MuSK signaling in NMJ formation and maintenance, we investigated whether increasing MuSK activity promotes NMJ regeneration.

Aspirin for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease, and Kidney Failure in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study.

Rationale And Objective: Chronic kidney disease is a risk enhancing factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, and the role of aspirin use is unclear in this population. We investigated the risk and benefits of aspirin use in primary and secondary prevention of CVD in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study.

Study Design: Prospective observational cohort.

AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on Pharmacological Interventions for Adults With Obesity.

Background & Aims: Pharmacological management of obesity improves outcomes and decreases the risk of obesity-related complications. This American Gastroenterological Association guideline is intended to support practitioners in decisions about pharmacological interventions for overweight and obesity.

Methods: A multidisciplinary panel of content experts and guideline methodologists used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework to prioritize clinical questions, identify patient-centered outcomes, and conduct an evidence synthesis of the following agents: semaglutide 2.

The Multifaceted Role of Signal Peptide-CUB-EGF Domain-Containing Protein (SCUBE) in Cancer.

Signal peptide, CUB, and EGF-like domain-containing proteins (SCUBE) are secretory cell surface glycoproteins that play key roles in the developmental process. SCUBE proteins participate in the progression of several diseases, including cancer, and are recognized for their oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions depending on the cellular context. SCUBE proteins promote cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, or metastasis, stemness or self-renewal, and drug resistance.

Racial disparities in biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical recurrence among Black and White American men with grade group 2-5 prostate cancer managed primarily by radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods: This was a single-institution, retrospective study evaluating biochemical recurrence by self-identified race. 163 patients who underwent RP at the University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center between 2015-2021 were analyzed for racial differences in age at diagnosis, clinical stage, and preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

Neuroinflammatory Gene Expression Analysis Reveals Pathways of Interest as Potential Targets to Improve the Recording Performance of Intracortical Microelectrodes.

Intracortical microelectrodes are a critical component of brain-machine interface (BMI) systems. The recording performance of intracortical microelectrodes used for both basic neuroscience research and clinical applications of BMIs decreases over time, limiting the utility of the devices. The neuroinflammatory response to the microelectrode has been identified as a significant contributing factor to its performance.

Effect of Intensive versus Standard BP Control on AKI and Subsequent Cardiovascular Outcomes and Mortality: Findings from the SPRINT EHR Study.

Background: Adjudication of inpatient AKI in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) was based on billing codes and admission and discharge notes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intensive versus standard BP control on creatinine-based inpatient and outpatient AKI, and whether AKI was associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality.

Methods: We linked electronic health record (EHR) data from 47 clinic sites with trial data to enable creatinine-based adjudication of AKI.