Indiana Pouch Continent Cutaneous Urinary Diversion After Robotic-assisted Radical Cystectomy: A 16-Year Experience.

Background: Population-based practice patterns in the United States reveal continent diversions are only performed in 8%-10.4% of patients. Ideally, for patients undergoing radical cystectomy the choice of urinary diversion should be influenced by clinical factors and patient preference, with discussions surrounding quality of life.

The effect of a Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin (MnTBAP) coating on the chronic recording performance of planar silicon intracortical microelectrode arrays.

Intracortical microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are used to record neural activity. However, their implantation initiates a neuroinflammatory cascade, involving the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, leading to interface failure. Here, we coated commercially-available MEAs with Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin (MnTBAP), to mitigate oxidative stress.

Subacute and Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Scoping Review of Epigenetics and Secondary Health Conditions.

Background: Epigenetics studies the impact of environmental and behavioral factors on stable phenotypic changes; however, the state of the science examining epigenomic mechanisms of regulation related to secondary health conditions (SHCs) and neuroepigenetics in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) remain markedly underdeveloped.

Objective: This scoping review seeks to understand the state of the science in epigenetics and secondary complications following SCI.

Methods: A literature search was conducted, yielding 277 articles.

Antioxidant Dimethyl Fumarate Temporarily but Not Chronically Improves Intracortical Microelectrode Performance.

Intracortical microelectrode arrays (MEAs) can be used in a range of applications, from basic neuroscience research to providing an intimate interface with the brain as part of a brain-computer interface (BCI) system aimed at restoring function for people living with neurological disorders or injuries. Unfortunately, MEAs tend to fail prematurely, leading to a loss in functionality for many applications. An important contributing factor in MEA failure is oxidative stress resulting from chronically inflammatory-activated microglia and macrophages releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) around the implant site.

Priorities and Progress in Gram-negative Bacterial Infection Research by the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group.

Addressing the treatment and prevention of antibacterial-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections is a priority area of the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group (ARLG). The ARLG has conducted a series of observational studies to define the clinical and molecular global epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant and ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacterales, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, with the goal of optimizing the design and execution of interventional studies. One ongoing ARLG study aims to better understand the impact of fluoroquinolone-resistant gram-negative gut bacteria in neutropenic patients, which threatens to undermine the effectiveness of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in these vulnerable patients.

Stabilizing leaning postures with feedback controlled functional neuromuscular stimulation after trunk paralysis.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause paralysis of trunk and hip musculature that negatively impacts seated balance and ability to lean away from an upright posture and interact fully with the environment. Constant levels of electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves can activate typically paralyzed muscles and aid in maintaining a single upright seated posture. However, in the absence of a feedback controller, such seated postures and leaning motions are inherently unstable and unable to respond to perturbations.

Thromboembolic risk with gender-affirming hormone therapy: potential role of global coagulation and fibrinolysis assays.

Gender-affirming hormonal therapies are a critical component of the care of transgender individuals. Transgender people are commonly prescribed estrogen or testosterone to promote male-to-female or female-to-male transitions and to preserve gender-specific characteristics long-term. However, some exogenous hormones, especially certain estrogen preparations, are an established risk factor of thrombosis.

Plantar somatosensory restoration enhances gait, speed perception, and motor adaptation.

Lower limb loss is a major insult to the body's nervous and musculoskeletal systems. Despite technological advances in prosthesis design, artificial limbs are not yet integrated into the body's physiological systems. Therefore, lower limb amputees (LLAs) experience lower balance confidence, higher fear of falls, and impaired gait compared with their able-bodied peers (ABs).

Distinct SARS-CoV-2 specific NLRP3 and IL-1β responses in T cells of aging patients during acute COVID-19 infection.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that presents with varied clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic or mild infections and pneumonia to severe cases associated with cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and even death. The underlying mechanisms contributing to these differences are unclear, although exacerbated inflammatory sequelae resulting from infection have been implicated. While advanced aging is a known risk factor, the precise immune parameters that determine the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in elderly individuals are not understood.

Inactivation and/or physical removal of from floors by detergent cleaner, disinfectants, microfiber, and ultraviolet C light (UV-C).

Contaminated surfaces may be a source of transmission for the globally emerging pathogen, . Because floors may be a source of contamination on hands, strategies for inactivating or removing from floors were investigated. A sporicidal disinfectant and UV-C were most effective in inactivating on floors.

Development and use of a porcine model with clinically relevant chronic infected wounds.

Chronic ischemic wounds affect millions of people causing significant pain and disability. They can be considered to be stalled in the inflammatory stage and cannot heal without additional measures. A valid animal model is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of topical wound healing therapies and wearable technologies.

Lactate Metabolism, Signaling, and Function in Brain Development, Synaptic Plasticity, Angiogenesis, and Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neural tissue requires a great metabolic demand despite negligible intrinsic energy stores. As a result, the central nervous system (CNS) depends upon a continuous influx of metabolic substrates from the blood. Disruption of this process can lead to impairment of neurological functions, loss of consciousness, and coma within minutes.

Energy Expenditure Homeostasis Requires ErbB4, an Obesity Risk Gene, in the Paraventricular Nucleus.

Obesity affects more than a third adult population in the United States; the prevalence is even higher in patients with major depression disorders. GWAS studies identify the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB4 as a risk gene for obesity and for major depression disorders. We found that ErbB4 was enriched in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH).

Deficiency of Cullin 3, a Protein Encoded by a Schizophrenia and Autism Risk Gene, Impairs Behaviors by Enhancing the Excitability of Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) DA Neurons.

The dopaminergic neuromodulator system is fundamental to brain functions. Abnormal dopamine (DA) pathway is implicated in psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Mutations in Cullin 3 (CUL3), a core component of the Cullin-RING ubiquitin E3 ligase complex, have been associated with SZ and ASD.

Platelet and Monocyte Activation After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (POTENT-TAVR): A Mechanistic Randomized Trial of Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel.

Background: Inflammation and thrombosis are often linked mechanistically and are associated with adverse events after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). High residual platelet reactivity (HRPR) is especially common when clopidogrel is used in this setting, but its relevance to immune activation is unknown. We sought to determine whether residual activity at the purinergic receptor P2Y12 (P2Y12) promotes prothrombotic immune activation in the setting of TAVR.

Differential expression of genes involved in the chronic response to intracortical microelectrodes.

Brain-Machine Interface systems (BMIs) are clinically valuable devices that can provide functional restoration for patients with spinal cord injury or improved integration for patients requiring prostheses. Intracortical microelectrodes can record neuronal action potentials at a resolution necessary for precisely controlling BMIs. However, intracortical microelectrodes have a demonstrated history of progressive decline in the recording performance with time, inhibiting their usefulness.

Infectious Diseases Society of America 2023 Guidance on the Treatment of Antimicrobial Resistant Gram-Negative Infections.

Background: The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) is committed to providing up-to-date guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant infections. This guidance document focuses on infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (AmpC-E), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), Pseudomonas aeruginosa with difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR-P. aeruginosa), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

Immunohematologic Biomarkers in COVID-19: Insights into Pathogenesis, Prognosis, and Prevention.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had profound effects on the health of individuals and on healthcare systems worldwide. While healthcare workers on the frontlines have fought to quell multiple waves of infection, the efforts of the larger research community have changed the arch of this pandemic as well. This review will focus on biomarker discovery and other efforts to identify features that predict outcomes, and in so doing, identify possible effector and passenger mechanisms of adverse outcomes.

Behavioral paradigm for the evaluation of stimulation-evoked somatosensory perception thresholds in rats.

Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of the somatosensory cortex via penetrating microelectrode arrays (MEAs) can evoke cutaneous and proprioceptive sensations for restoration of perception in individuals with spinal cord injuries. However, ICMS current amplitudes needed to evoke these sensory percepts tend to change over time following implantation. Animal models have been used to investigate the mechanisms by which these changes occur and aid in the development of new engineering strategies to mitigate such changes.

The impact of a pharmacist-led oral anticancer clinic on medication adherence and laboratory monitoring.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact that a pharmacist-managed oral anticancer clinic has on patient adherence to oral anticancer therapy in regard to medication adherence and adherence to lab monitoring.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was completed for patients prescribed abiraterone, enzalutamide, or ibrutinib within the study time period. The primary outcome was assessing medication adherence by comparing the medication possession ratio (MPR) before (Phase 1) and after (Phase 2) initiation of the pharmacist-led oral anticancer therapy clinic.

Immunologic profiles in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia undergoing endovascular revascularization.

Background: Inflammation and immune dysregulation have been associated with adverse outcomes in cardiovascular disease. There is limited understanding of the association of different profiles of white blood cell (WBC) subsets and red cell distribution width (RDW) in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI).

Methods: Patients with CLTI undergoing endovascular revascularization in our single-center, tertiary care hospital from 2017 to 2019, who had a preceding complete blood count (CBC) with WBC differentials ( =213), were included in the analysis.