Cognition and disease characteristics in adult onset versus late onset multiple sclerosis.

Background: Cognitive impairment is common sequelae of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, relatively little is known about cognitive impairment in late-onset multiple sclerosis (LOMS).

Objective: To investigate differences in disease characteristics and cognition in LOMS and adult-onset multiple sclerosis (AOMS) patients.

Methods: Archival medical records and neuropsychological evaluations from an MS specialty center were reviewed.

Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease: do differences in tau explain the verbal memory gap?

To determine if sex differences in verbal memory in AD are related to differences in extent or distribution of pathological tau, we studied 275 participants who were amyloid PET positive and carried clinical classifications of normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia, and had tau (AV1451) PET. We compared tau distribution between men and women, and as a function of genetic risk. In MCI we further explored the relationship between quantity and distribution of tau in relation to verbal memory scores.

A vicious cycle of fear of falling avoidance behavior in Parkinson's disease: A path analysis.

Background: Postural instability (PI) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with several negative downstream consequences.

Objective: The purpose was to explore the validity of a theoretical model of these downstream consequences arranged in a vicious cycle wherein PI leads to decreased balance confidence, which in turn leads to increased fear of falling (FOF) avoidance behavior, which in turn leads to decreased physical conditioning, which then feeds back and negatively affects PI.

Methods: A path analysis of cross-sectional data from 55 participants with PD was conducted.

Anxiety in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies.

Objective: The mechanisms and neuronal networks associated with anxiety in Parkinson's disease (PD) are incompletely understood. One of the best tools for investigating both component function and neuronal networks associated with psychiatric symptoms is functional MRI (fMRI). Unlike structural scans, functional scans, whether task-based or resting-state, are more likely to be clinically relevant and sensitive to changes related to treatment.

Temporal Ordering of Inflammatory Analytes sTNFR2 and sTREM2 in Relation to Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers and Clinical Outcomes.

Inflammatory changes are among the key markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) related pathological changes. Pro-inflammatory analytes have been related to cognitive decline while others have been related to attenuating neuronal death. Among them, changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2) have been described as impacting favorable clinical outcomes in AD.

Telemedicine and Deep brain stimulation - Current practices and recommendations.

The use of telemedicine in the management of chronic neurological conditions including movement disorders has expanded over time. In addition to enabling remote access to specialized care, telemedicine has also been shown to reduce caregiver burden and to improve patient satisfaction. With the COVID-19 pandemic, implementation of telehealth for patients with movement disorders, particularly those with more severe mobility issues, has increased rapidly.

Lewy Body Dementia Association's Industry Advisory Council: proceedings of the second annual meeting.

In 2019, the Lewy Body Dementia Association formed an Industry Advisory Council to bring together a collaborative group of stakeholders with the goal of accelerating clinical research into Lewy body dementia treatments. At the second annual meeting of the Industry Advisory Council, held virtually on June 18, 2020, the key members presented ongoing and planned efforts toward the council's goals. The meeting also featured a discussion about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Lewy body dementia clinical research, lessons learned from that experience, and how those lessons can be applied to the design and conduct of future clinical trials.

Long-Term Application of Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Does Not Improve Motor Learning in Parkinson's Disease.

Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (c-tDCS) enhances motor skill acquisition and motor learning in young and old adults. Since the cerebellum is involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), c-tDCS may represent an intervention with potential to improve motor learning in PD. The primary purpose was to determine the influence of long-term application of c-tDCS on motor learning in PD.

Effect of Weight Class on Regional Brain Volume, Cognition, and Other Neuropsychiatric Outcomes among Professional Fighters.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common source of functional impairment among athletes, military personnel, and the general population. Professional fighters in both boxing and mixed martial arts (MMA) are at particular risk for repetitive TBI and may provide valuable insight into both the pathophysiology of TBI and its consequences. Currently, effects of fighter weight class on brain volumetrics (regional and total) and functional outcomes are unknown.

Is computerized screening for processing speed impairment sufficient for identifying MS-related cognitive impairment in a clinical setting?

Background: Annual screening for processing speed impairment (PSI) is recommended for patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). However, cognitive deficits in pwMS are heterogeneous, and whether PSI screening identifies patients with impairment in other cognitive domains is unclear. The objective of this study was to examine sensitivity and specificity of the self-administered, computerized Processing Speed Test (PST) in identifying cognitive impairment defined by a comprehensive neuropsychological battery (NPT).

Story Memory Impairment Rates and Association with Hippocampal Volumes in a Memory Clinic Population.

Objective: Story memory tasks are among the most commonly used memory tests; however, research suggests they may be less sensitive to memory decline and have a weaker association with hippocampal volumes than list learning tasks. To examine its utility, we compared story memory to other memory tests on impairment rates and association with hippocampal volumes.

Method: Archival records from 1617 older adults (M = 74.

Effect of Age on Clinical Trial Outcome in Participants with Probable Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Age may affect treatment outcome in trials of mild probable Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: We examined age as a moderator of outcome in an exploratory study of deep brain stimulation targeting the fornix (DBS-f) region in participants with AD.

Methods: Forty-two participants were implanted with DBS electrodes and randomized to double-blind DBS-f stimulation ("on") or sham DBS-f ("off") for 12 months.

Hippocampal Volumes in Amnestic and Non-Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Types Using Two Common Methods of MCI Classification.

Objectives: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) types may have distinct neuropathological substrates with hippocampal atrophy particularly common in amnestic MCI (aMCI). However, depending on the MCI classification criteria applied to the sample (e.g.

Network medicine links SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 infection to brain microvascular injury and neuroinflammation in dementia-like cognitive impairment.

Background: Dementia-like cognitive impairment is an increasingly reported complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this complication remain unclear. A better understanding of causative processes by which COVID-19 may lead to cognitive impairment is essential for developing preventive and therapeutic interventions.

Energy-Period Profiles of Brain Networks in Group fMRI Resting-State Data: A Comparison of Empirical Mode Decomposition With the Short-Time Fourier Transform and the Discrete Wavelet Transform.

Traditionally, functional networks in resting-state data were investigated with linear Fourier and wavelet-related methods to characterize their frequency content by relying on pre-specified frequency bands. In this study, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), an adaptive time-frequency method, is used to investigate the naturally occurring frequency bands of resting-state data obtained by Group Independent Component Analysis. Specifically, energy-period profiles of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) obtained by EMD are created and compared for different resting-state networks.

Hippocampal correlates of episodic memory in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies.

The present review asks whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are able to define neural correlates of episodic memory within the hippocampus in Parkinson's disease (PD). Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, and EMBASE using search terms related to structural and functional MRI (fMRI), the hippocampus, episodic memory, and PD. Risk of bias was assessed for each study using the Newtown-Ottawa Scale.

Does Informant-Based Reporting of Cognitive Decline Correlate with Age-Adjusted Hippocampal Volume in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease?

Background: Informant-based measures are effective screening tools for cognitive impairment. The Alzheimer's Questionnaire (AQ) is a subjective, informant-based measure that detects amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) with high sensitivity and specificity and has been shown to predict amyloid burden.

Objective: To determine whether informant-based report of cognitive decline correlates with hippocampal volume changes in MCI and AD.

Erratum to: HARMONY Study: Pimavanserin Significantly Prolongs Time to Relapse of Dementia-Related Psychosis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa057.530.

High resolution structural and functional MRI of the hippocampus in young adults with Down syndrome.

Down syndrome is the phenotypic consequence of trisomy 21, with clinical presentation including both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative components. Although the intellectual disability typically displayed by individuals with Down syndrome is generally global, it also involves disproportionate deficits in hippocampally-mediated cognitive processes. Hippocampal dysfunction may also relate to Alzheimer's disease-type pathology, which can appear in as early as the first decade of life and becomes universal by age 40.

The Application of Zonisamide to Patients Suffering from Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Emerging Clinical Data.

Zonisamide is an anti-epileptic medication with multiple mechanisms of action and a favorable safety profile. Zonisamide may interact with Lewy body dementia pathophysiology through a mechanism unrelated to its original indication. Zonisamide has shown efficacy as adjunct therapy for the management of motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).