Association of cervical precancer with human papillomavirus types other than 16 among HIV co-infected women.

Background: HIV-seropositive women face high risk for infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (oncHPV) types, abnormal Pap test results, and precancer, but cervical cancer risk is only modestly increased. Human papillomavirus (HPV)16 is highly oncogenic but only weakly associated with HIV status and immunosuppression, suggesting HPV16 may have a greater innate ability to evade host immune surveillance than other oncHPV types, which in turn should result in a greater relative increase in the prevalence of other oncHPV types among women with cervical precancer.

Objective: We sought to assess whether the underrepresentation of HPV16 among HIV-seropositive relative to HIV-seronegative women remains among those with cervical precancers.

Diagnosis of an Occult Hip Fracture by Point-of-Care Ultrasound.

Background: Hip fractures are common injuries, particularly among elderly patients. Although plain radiographs are the initial imaging modality of choice, approximately 10% of hip fractures are not radiographically evident. Failure to diagnose a hip fracture in the emergency department may result in delayed diagnosis and potentially devastating consequences.

Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with the BAFF antagonist "peptibody" blisibimod (AMG 623/A-623): results from randomized, double-blind phase 1a and phase 1b trials.

Introduction: Blisibimod is a potent B cell-activating factor (BAFF) antagonist that binds to both cell membrane-expressed and soluble BAFF. The goal of these first-in-human studies was to characterize the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of blisibimod in subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: SLE subjects with mild disease that was stable/inactive at baseline received either a single dose of blisibimod (0.

Non-canonical WNT signalling in the lung.

The role of WNT signalling in metazoan organogenesis has been a topic of widespread interest. In the lung, while the role of canonical WNT signalling has been examined in some detail by multiple studies, the non-canonical WNT signalling has received limited attention. Reliable evidence shows that this important signalling mechanism constitutes a major regulatory pathway in lung development.

Comparison of Tidal Volumes at the Endotracheal Tube and at the Ventilator.

Objective: Lung protective ventilation for children with acute respiratory distress syndrome requires accurate assessment of tidal volume. Although modern ventilators compensate for ventilator tubing compliance, tidal volume measured at the ventilator may not be accurate, particularly in small children. Although ventilator-specific proximal flow sensors that measure tidal volume at the endotracheal tube have been developed, there is little information regarding their accuracy.

Pneumomediastinum following blunt trauma: Worth an exhaustive workup?

Background: Incidental pneumomediastinum is a common radiologic finding following blunt thoracic injury; however, the clinical significance of pneumomediastinum on screening imaging is poorly defined (Curr Probl Surg. 2004;41(3):211-380; Injury. 2010;41(1):40-43).

Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) in U.S. Latinas and Chileans: Clinical features, Ancestry Analysis, and Admixture Mapping.

In the Americas, women with Indigenous American ancestry are at increased risk of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), relative to women of other ethnicities. We hypothesized that ancestry-related genetic factors contribute to this increased risk. We collected clinical and laboratory data, and performed biochemical assays on samples from U.

Life-threatening delayed hyperhemolytic transfusion reaction in a patient with sickle cell disease: effective treatment with eculizumab followed by rituximab.

Background: Hyperhemolysis in sickle cell disease is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication of transfusion.

Study Design And Methods: In this article we report a case of delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction with resultant hyperhemolysis triggered by an anti-IH autoantibody with alloantibody behavior.

Results: The anti-IH was reactive at room temperature as well as 37 °C, but only weakly reactive with autologous red blood cells.

Re-evaluating the need for hospital admission and observation of pediatric traumatic brain injury after a normal head CT.

There is no consensus on the optimal management of pediatric patients with suspected trauma brain injury and a normal head CT. This study characterizes the clinical outcomes of patients with a normal initial CT scan of the head. A retrospective chart review of pediatric blunt trauma patients who underwent head CT for closed head injury at two trauma centers was performed.

A note from history: Landmarks in history of cancer, part 7.

In the 2 and half decades reviewed (1970-1995), research established that chromosomal translocation, deletion, and DNA amplification are prerequisites to cancerogenesis and that oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, growth factors, and cytokines play crucial roles in the pathomechanism of cancer. Human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, herpes virus, and hepatitis B virus were identified as cancer-causing viruses. Several laboratory tests were developed for the detection of primary and recurrent cancers, and cancer prevention by screening methods was popularized.

Using active Leptospermum honey in the debridement process: 6 challenging cases from the inner city.

The use of honey-based dressings has been documented for thousands of years. Recent studies suggest their effectiveness may be, in part, related to their ability to facilitate autolytic debridement. Six patients who presented with multiple comorbidities and risk factors for delayed healing whose wounds required debridement were managed with active Leptospermum honey (ALH) to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this treatment modality.

Hepatoblastoma in a patient with methylmalonic aciduria.

Childhood malignant tumors and their treatment are not well described in the natural history of methylmalonic aciduria (MMA). Here we present a case of hepatoblastoma occurring in the native liver of a 19-month-old male with MMA. His tumor was unresectable at diagnosis and he received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and vincristine.

The origin of fatal pulmonary emboli: a postmortem analysis of 500 deaths from pulmonary embolism in trauma, surgical, and medical patients.

Background: The traditional theory that pulmonary emboli (PE) originate from the lower extremity has been challenged.

Methods: All autopsies performed in Los Angeles County between 2002 and 2010 where PE was the cause of death were reviewed.

Results: Of the 491 PE deaths identified, 36% were surgical and 64% medical.

Microbial keratitis in los angeles: the doheny eye institute and the los angeles county hospital experience.

Objective: To evaluate the spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility panel of infectious keratitis at a major tertiary care referral eye center and a major county hospital in Southern California.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Participants: All cultured infectious keratitis cases from July 1, 2008, through December 31, 2012, from the Doheny Eye Institute (DEI) and the Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center (LAC+USC) were evaluated.

Novel approaches are needed to develop tomorrow's antibacterial therapies.

Society faces a crisis of rising antibiotic resistance even as the pipeline of new antibiotics has been drying up. Antibiotics are a public trust; every individual's use of antibiotics affects their efficacy for everyone else. As such, responses to the antibiotic crisis must take a societal perspective.