Frontal foramina in pediatric skull in cases of congenital hydrocephalus.

Purpose: To describe a new observation, frontal calvarial foramina, in pediatric patients with congenital hydrocephalus secondary to central nervous system malformation.

Materials And Methods: Frontal foramina were initially identified in three female patients with Chiari II malformation. Subsequently, head computed tomographic (CT) scans in 99 patients with congenital hydrocephalus were retrospectively reviewed.

Differential effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on proliferation, cell surface antigen expression, and cytokine interactions in malignant gliomas.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a cytokine produced by astrocytes in vivo and in vitro, was tested for its effects on two malignant astrocytoma cell lines (A-172, U-87). Both lines were immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, Class I antigens, and interleukin-6. The lines differed in their expression of Class II and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) antigenic determinants: A-172 cells were negative for both Class II and ICAM-1 antigens, while U-87 cells were intensely positive for Class II and weakly positive for ICAM-1.

Type II floating knee: ipsilateral femoral and tibial fractures with intraarticular extension into the knee joint.

Thirty-four patients with ipsilateral fractures of the femur and tibia with intraarticular extension into the knee of at least one fracture were reviewed at an average follow-up of 38 months. Joint involvement was present in 22 (65%) femoral fractures and 23 (68%) tibial fractures. In 11 (32%) patients, both fractures were intraarticular.

Clinical and angiographic findings in extremity arterial injuries secondary to dog bites.

From May 1986 through May 1989, the annual number of patients evaluated for dog-bite injuries in the Los Angeles County Hospital jail ward more than doubled. During this period, the number of annual extremity angiograms increased from two to 42. Forty-six of the 48 angiograms were done to evaluate injuries sustained from police dog bites.

Fluconazole compared with amphotericin B plus flucytosine for cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS. A randomized trial.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of fluconazole with amphotericin B plus flucytosine in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis.

Design: Patients were randomly assigned to oral fluconazole, 400 mg/d, for 10 weeks or to amphotericin B, 0.7 mg/kg body weight daily for 1 week, then three times weekly for 9 weeks combined with flucytosine, 150 mg/kg d, in four divided doses.

Seronegative disseminated coccidioidomycosis in patients with HIV infection.

Serologic testing for complement-fixing antibodies to Coccidioides immitis is commonly employed to assist in the diagnosis and management of this infection, but its usefulness in an HIV-coinfected population is unknown. In this study we reviewed all the mycologically or histologically proven cases of disseminated C. immitis infection after 1982.

Delayed cerebrospinal fluid sterilization in infants with Hemophilus influenzae type b meningitis.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sterilization after greater than 24 h of intravenous antibiotic therapy (delayed CSF sterilization) was noted in two infants treated with ceftizoxime and ceftazidime for bacterial meningitis. A case-control study was conducted of children between 6 w and 6 y of age treated between 1975 and 1985 at one institution for bacterial meningitis to determine risk factors for delayed CSF sterilization. Hemophilus influenzae type b was isolated from all children (n = 5) with delayed CSF sterilization, compared with only 78% of all children in the study (n = 83).

Compartment syndrome: a complication of use of the MAST suit.

A case of compartment syndrome following the use of a MAST suit is reported. The most significant factor in its development is prolonged application combined with severe hemodynamic compromise. Amputation was performed or death occurred in 50% of reported cases.

OCCURRENCE OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN AUTOPSIES, PATIENTS, AND CONTACTS.

1. Poliomyelitis virus has been recovered in monkeys from 50 per cent of spinal cords, 10 per cent of olfactory bulbs, 50 per cent of tonsil-adenoid tissue, and from 26 per cent of the colon contents of autopsies; from the stools of 20 per cent of patients, and of 5 per cent of the contacts examined in this series. 2.

INFECTIVITY AND IMMUNITY RESULTING FROM THE INJECTION OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS BY THE INTRACUTANEOUS ROUTE.

The infectivity of poliomyelitis virus by the intracutaneous route occurs in certain strains but is not a constant character. The inconsistency of skin infectivity tests indicates that there is some property yet unknown which influences this characteristic. Strains of poliomyelitis virus vary in the degree of immunity produced in experimental monkeys injected with active virus by the intracutaneous route and subsequently tested for resistance by intranasal injections.