A Brief Review of Chiropractic Educational Programs and Recommendations for Celebrating Education on Chiropractic Day.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the growth of chiropractic education globally and a chronological list of current training programs. Another purpose is to provide exemplars of enduring programs and offer suggestions for how chiropractic practitioners may celebrate education on Chiropractic Day, which is September 18.

Discussion: Chiropractic education has transformed considerably over the past 125 years, and there are now 52 programs globally.

COVID-19: how has a global pandemic changed manual therapy technique education in chiropractic programs around the world?

Background: Manual therapy is a cornerstone of chiropractic education, whereby students work towards a level of skill and expertise that is regarded as competent to work within the field of chiropractic. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, chiropractic programs in every region around the world had to make rapid changes to the delivery of manual therapy technique education, however what those changes looked like was unknown.

Aims: The aims of this study were to describe the immediate actions made by chiropractic programs to deliver education for manual therapy techniques and to summarise the experience of academics who teach manual therapy techniques during the initial outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic.

The effects of dorso-lumbar motion restriction on energy use and center of mass movement during running.

The effects of restricting dorso-lumbar spine mobility on oxygen consumption in runners was investigated, as was vertical movement of the body's center of mass. Thermoplastic casting material was fashioned into a rigid orthosis and used to restrict spinal motion during running. Volunteers ran on a treadmill at 2.

Infection Control Practices and Methicillin-Resistant Skin Infections: A Survey of Students in US Chiropractic Programs.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of self-reported history of physician-diagnosed methicillin-resistant (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) among chiropractic students and any association with infection control behaviors (hand and table hygiene, sharing gowns, and sharing lotion) and initiation of patient care.

Methods: Questionnaires were obtained from 312 students attending half (9/18) of US chiropractic campuses. The questionnaire was derived from earlier studies led by Bearman in 2010 and Evans in 2007.

The effects of dorso-lumbar motion restriction on EMG activity of selected muscles during running.

Unlabelled: The effects of restricting dorso-lumbar spine mobility on electromyographic activity of the erector spinae, quadriceps femoris, hamstrings and gastrocnemius muscles in runners was investigated. Thermoplastic casting material was fashioned into a rigid orthosis and used to restrict spinal motion during running. Volunteers ran on a treadmill at 2.

The effects of dorso-lumbar motion restriction on the ground reaction force components during running.

Purpose: The effects of restricting dorso-lumbar spine mobility on ground reaction forces in runners was measured and assessed.

Methods: A semi-rigid cast was used to restrict spinal motion during running. Subjects ran across a force platform at 3.

The relationship of whiplash injury and temporomandibular disorders: a narrative literature review.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to offer a narrative review and discuss the possible relationship between temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and whiplash injuries.

Methods: Databases from 1966 to present were searched including PubMed; Manual, Alternative, and Natural Therapy Index System; and Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Search terms used included whiplash injury, temporomandibular disorders and craniomandibular disorders.

Peer review of teaching.

This article provides an overview and description of peer review of teaching for faculty members and administrators who would like to implement a peer review program. This may include classroom and clinical settings. A brief overview, procedure, and a teaching competence evaluation rubric are provided.

Work-related injuries of doctors of chiropractic in the United States.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and types of work-related injuries among a nationwide sample of chiropractors and to identify factors associated with these injuries.

Methods: Using a survey, 1000 randomly selected doctors of chiropractic in the United States were asked to record their 3 most serious injuries. Details were obtained about the type of injury, area of the body affected, activity performed at that time, year of practice when the injury had occurred, if the doctor had needed to take time off from work, and what they had changed as a result of the injury.

Abdominal calcifications and diagnostic imaging decision making: a topic review.

Objective: To review commonly encountered calcifications found within the abdomen as seen on the lumbar spine radiograph and to determine which advanced imaging modality is best to thoroughly assess the patient.

Methods: Searches of electronic databases and textbooks were conducted to construct this narrative overview.

Discussion: By categorizing the type of calcification and localizing it anatomically, most often a definitive diagnosis can be reached.

Applying evidence-based health care to musculoskeletal patients as an educational strategy for chiropractic interns (a one-group pretest-posttest study).

Objective: To describe and measure the effectiveness of a problem-based educational strategy for teaching evidence-based health care (EBHC) to chiropractic interns, which focused on the development and appraisal of answerable clinical questions using actual musculoskeletal patients.

Methods: A 1-group pretest-posttest design (simple panel design) with investigator-blinded survey administration was used to measure effectiveness of educational activities using adult learning theory with a study population of interns (n=31) at a chiropractic college (Los Angeles College of Chiropractic, Southern California University of Health Sciences [LACC/SCUHS]) teaching clinic. Activities included 2 workshops on constructing clinical questions and critical appraisal of published research and independent patient-based EBHC assignments.

Effectiveness of four conservative treatments for subacute low back pain: a randomized clinical trial.

Study Design: A randomized, assessor-blinded clinical trial was conducted.

Objective: To investigate the relative effectiveness of three manual treatments and back school for patients with subacute low back pain.

Summary Of Background Data: Literature comparing the relative effectiveness of specific therapies for low back pain is limited.

Chiropractic manipulative therapy of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common work-related injury. This case report discusses conservative, non-medical treatment of CTS in the form of chiropractic manipulative therapy, nutritional recommendations, physiotherapy modalities, orthotics and rehabilitation as used in the treatment of a patient suffering from this debilitating condition.

Unsubstantiated claims in patient brochures from the largest state, provincial, and national chiropractic associations and research agencies.

Objective: To determine the presence or absence of claims for the clinical art of chiropractic that are not currently justified by available scientific evidence or are intrinsically untestable.

Design: A survey of patient education and promotional material produced by national, state, and provincial societies and research agencies in Canada and the United States.

Method: Patient brochures were solicited from the 3 largest provincial, 3 largest state, and the 3 largest national professional associations in the United States and Canada.

Joseph W. Howe, D.C., D.A.C.B.R. and the development of modern chiropractic radiology.

Born in Galeton, Pennsylvania, on 27 May 1930, Joseph W. Howe has been extremely influential raising the educational standards for radiology in chiropractic. After receiving his D.

C. Sterling Cooley, D.C., F.I.C.C.: politician, innate fundamentalist and Palmer historian.

From the day he graduated from the Palmer-Gregory Chiropractic College in 1908 until his death in 1965, C. Sterling Cooley considered himself a student of D.D.

Laid to uneasy rest: D.D. Palmer, 1913.

A study of the documentary records related to D.D. Palmer's death in Los Angeles in 1913 provided several surprises and a number of unanswered questions.

James F. McGinnis, D.C., N.D., C.P. (1873-1947): spinographer, educator, marketer and bloodless surgeon.

Perhaps best remembered for his contributions to B.J. Palmer's earliest developments in spinography, James F.

Michael A. Giammarino, D.C., D.A.C.B.R.: student, teacher, leader.

Born in Brooklyn in 1909, Michael A. Giammarino was one of the first chiropractic radiologists. After receiving his D.

Posterior disk displacement: morphologic assessment and measurement reliability-lumbar spine.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging is often used to assess for disk displacement after manipulation, but limited information about the true incidence of iatrogenic herniations exists. To design a study that evaluates for a causal relationship, preliminary data must be obtained relating to the size of different types of disk displacement. The reliability of chiropractic radiologists in assessing disks and a comparison of different measuring devices should also be evaluated.

Missed lumbar transverse process fractures in a high school football player.

Objective: To discuss the case of a football player who had suffered a transverse process fracture of the lumbar spine that was overlooked on initial chiropractic and medical examination.

Clinical Features: A 17-year-old male football player had been speared in the back by another player. He reported severe initial pain that caused him to fall to the ground, and there was a moderate degree of pain at the time of his chiropractic examination 1 week after injury.

Lumbosacral transitional segments: classification, prevalence, and effect on disk height.

Objective: To determine the rate of lumbosacral transitional segments among chiropractic practice settings and to determine if this anomaly would affect the height of the lumbosacral disk.

Study Design: Retrospective review of radiographs.

Setting: Los Angeles College of Chiropractic outpatient clinic and a private chiropractic office.

Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): a review.

Objective: The objective of this paper is to review the literature regarding Withania somnifera (ashwagandha, WS) a commonly used herb in Ayurvedic medicine. Specifically, the literature was reviewed for articles pertaining to chemical properties, therapeutic benefits, and toxicity.

Design: This review is in a narrative format and consists of all publications relevant to ashwagandha that were identified by the authors through a systematic search of major computerized medical databases; no statistical pooling of results or evaluation of the quality of the studies was performed due to the widely different methods employed by each study.

Is acupuncture effective for the treatment of chronic pain? A systematic review.

Pain is the major complaint of the estimated one million U.S. consumers who use acupuncture each year.