Decades in the Making: The Evolution of Digital Health Research Infrastructure Through Synthetic Data, Common Data Models, and Federated Learning.

Traditionally, medical research is based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for interventions such as drugs and operative procedures. However, increasingly, there is a need for health research to evolve. RCTs are expensive to run, are generally formulated with a single research question in mind, and analyze a limited dataset for a restricted period.

Association of HPA Antigens with Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Case-Control Study by PCR-SSP Method.

Human platelet antigens (HPAs) play a clinically significant role in alloimmunization and the development of immune-mediated disorders such as immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT), and post-transfusion purpura (PTP). Understanding the genetic profiles of HPAs is critical for preventing and treating these conditions. Given the limitations of serological methods in determining HPA genotypes, this study aims to investigate the association between the genotypes of HPA1, HPA2, HPA3, HPA4, and HPA15 antigens and autoimmune thrombocytopenia in Lorestan Province, utilizing the PCR-SSP method.

The Effect of Green-Synthesized Nanoparticles on Dental Caries-Causing Bacteria: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: In this study, a comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science, as well as selected herbal medicine journals. The inclusion of herbal medicine journals was justified by the growing interest in green-synthesized nanoparticles derived from plant extracts, which are relevant to the focus of this review. Articles published between 2015 and 2023 were evaluated.

Antifungal Activity of Alcoholic Extract of Allium Jesdianum on Fungi-Contaminated Dairy Products.

Background: One of the main sources of contaminated dairy products is moldy fungi, specifically species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the alcoholic extract of Allium jesdianum plant on the growth of molds contaminating dairy products in Isfahan.

Materials And Methods: In this research, 200 samples of dairy products were gathered from different areas of Isfahan city, including 70 samples of cheese, 60 samples of buttermilk, 40 samples of yogurt, 20 samples of curd, and 10 samples of cream.

Antimicrobial Effect of Formononetin Against the Periodental Pathogens Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans.

Background: Among the bioactive isoflavones identified from different plants is formononetin. Formononetin's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer qualities have all received a lot of attention lately. The goal of the current investigation was to examine formononetin's antifungal and antibacterial activity against Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis in vitro, respectively.

Nano-pumice derived from pumice mine waste as a low-cost electrode catalyst for microbial fuel cell treating edible vegetable oil refinery wastewater for bioenergy generation and reuse.

This study aimed to assess nano-pumice (NP) from pumice mining waste as a local, cost-effective anode catalyst in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for treating edible vegetable oil refinery wastewater (EVORW) and generating bioenergy. Pumice mining waste was converted into nano in three stages: crushing up to ≤3 cm, reducing the size of the previous step particles to 150 μm and converting the previous step particles to <100 nm. Nano-pumice prepared was coated on the carbon cloth (CC) to increase anode surface area of MFC.

Effect of Intratympanic Dexamethasone on Bell's palsy: A Clinical Trial.

Introduction: The main objective of this study is to examine the hypothesis that intratympanic corticosteroids can benefit the treatment of Bell's palsy and shorten the period needed for recovery.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted prospectively using double-blind clinical trials. A total of 321 patients with acute unilateral facial paralysis were included in the survey, with 144 patients excluded due to exclusion criteria and 177 patients included.

Exploring ChatGPT in clinical inquiry: a scoping review of characteristics, applications, challenges, and evaluation.

Introduction: Recent advancements in generative AI, exemplified by ChatGPT, hold promise for healthcare applications such as decision-making support, education, and patient engagement. However, rigorous evaluation is crucial to ensure reliability and safety in clinical contexts. This scoping review explores ChatGPT's role in clinical inquiry, focusing on its characteristics, applications, challenges, and evaluation.

Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic and epigenetic effects of tannic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles.

Tannic acid (TA) is a potent antitumor agent, but its low bioavailability and absorption limit its use. In this study, it was loaded into chitosan-based nanoparticles (Chi-NPs) to overcome these limitations and to improve its antimicrobial and anticancer activities. TA-loaded Chi-NPs (Chi-TA-NPs) were synthesized using the ionic gelation method and physicochemically characterized by FE-SEM, FTIR, XRD, PDI, DLS, and zeta potential analysis.

The Importance of Stem Cells in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain.

Many disorders, including heart, bone, cancer, liver, and brain disease, have been treated using stem cell therapy as a viable alternative. The somatosensory system is affected by a lesion, which leads to neuropathic pain (NP), and just a relatively tiny fraction of patients now receive effective care from existing pharmacological medications. There have been studies to show the effectiveness of various stem cells in reducing or treating experimental neurological pain, although these studies are uncommon in number.

The impact of diabetes on tight junctions in cardiomyopathy dysfunction.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a condition characterized by ventricular dysfunction in diabetic patients that is not caused by other cardiac ailments. It is associated with factors such as left ventricular hypertrophy, metabolic disturbances, and oxidative stress. Tight junctions, which form a barrier between cells, play a role in the vascular complications of diabetes.

Albumin nanoparticles are a promising drug delivery system in dentistry.

Periodontal infection is a long-lasting inflammatory condition caused by the growth and development of an abnormal and harmful community of microorganisms. This destructive illness leads to the loss of the tissues that support the teeth, degradation of the bone surrounding the teeth, and eventually tooth loss. To treat oral infections, it is necessary to use nonsurgical methods such as antibiotics.

Dietary patterns and premature coronary artery disease: result from the Iran premature coronary artery disease (IPAD) study.

Background: Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is one of the major health concerns leading to considerable death and disabilities. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of dietary patterns with risk of PCAD.

Methods: Iran premature coronary diseases (IPAD) is a case-control study consists of 3159 participants.

Bioactive compound encapsulation: Characteristics, applications in food systems, and implications for human health.

Nanotechnology plays a pivotal role in food science, particularly in the nanoencapsulation of bioactive compounds, to enhance their stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic potential. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the encapsulation of bioactive compounds, emphasizing the characteristics, food applications, and implications for human health. This work offers a detailed comparison of polymers such as sodium alginate, gum Arabic, chitosan, cellulose, pectin, shellac, and xanthan gum, while also examining both conventional and emerging encapsulation techniques, including freeze-drying, spray-drying, extrusion, coacervation, and supercritical anti-solvent drying.

Curcumin alleviates inflammatory effects of ketamine anesthesia in postnatal rats.

Curcumin has been employed in traditional medicine for over a millennium to treat various ailments, and its global use is now widespread. Chinese medicine relies heavily on curcumin as a primary element and uses it to cure infectious diseases, skin disorders, depression, and stress. It has cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-diabetic properties, as well as pharmacological effects on disorders like type II diabetes, atherosclerosis, and human immunodeficiency virus replication.

Schizophrenia Etiological Factors and Their Correlation with the Imbalance of the Immune System: An Update.

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder associated with a dysregulation of the immune system. Immune-related genes and environmental factors including stress, food, infections, and microbiota, alter the immune system's homeostasis and play a role in SZ pathogenesis. The most distinctive feature in the pathophysiology of the disease is a shift in the T helper 1(Th1)/Th2 balance toward Th2 dominance in the immune system.

Biofilm targeting with chitosan-based nanohydrogel containing Quercus infectoria G. Olivier extract against Streptococcus mutans: new formulations of a traditional natural product.

Background: Biofilm formation has a crucial role in the cariogenic virulence of Streptococcus mutans, which leads to resistance to common antibacterials. The antimicrobial resistance crisis has led to increased research about traditional natural products.

Purpose: Quercus infectoria extract (QI extract) and nano hydrogels containing QI extract (QI-NH) and tannic acid (TA-NH) were evaluated against this pathogen.

Comparative effects of different beverages on weight loss in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Background: There is a lack of clarity on the comparative effects of different beverages on weight loss in adults.

Objective: This study aimed at quantifying and ranking the effects of different beverages on weight loss.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to January 2023.