Decreased plasma iron levels in women with hyperglycemia are associated with inflammatory status and involve increased HbA1c, osmotic stability, and volume variability of red blood cells.

Background And Aims: Iron deficiency tendency in individuals with hyperglycemia influences the HbA1c levels' ability to estimate the stationary blood glucose levels. This study investigated the associations of iron status indicators and HbA1c levels with anthropometric, inflammatory, regulatory, metabolic, and hematologic variables in women with hyperglycemia to most widely characterize this iron deficiency tendency.

Methods: A total of 143 volunteers (68 with normoglycemia and 75 with hyperglycemia) participated in this cross-sectional study.

Production of recombinant lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases and evaluation effect of its addition into Aspergillus fumigatus var. niveus cocktail for sugarcane bagasse saccharification.

Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising alternative for producing biofuels, despite its recalcitrant nature. There are microorganisms in nature capable of efficiently degrade biomass, such as the filamentous fungi. Among them, Aspergillus fumigatus var.

Ultra-low loss quantum photonic circuits integrated with single quantum emitters.

The scaling of many photonic quantum information processing systems is ultimately limited by the flux of quantum light throughout an integrated photonic circuit. Source brightness and waveguide loss set basic limits on the on-chip photon flux. While substantial progress has been made, separately, towards ultra-low loss chip-scale photonic circuits and high brightness single-photon sources, integration of these technologies has remained elusive.

Assessment of artificial neural networks to predict red colorant production by Talaromyces amestolkiae.

Consumer choice is typically influenced by color, leading to an increase in the use of artificial colorants by industry. However, several artificial colorants have been banned due to their harmful effects on human health and the environment, leading to increased interest in colorants from natural sources. Natural colorants can be found in plants, insects, and microorganisms.

Xylanase increases the selectivity of the enzymatic hydrolysis with endoglucanase to produce cellulose nanocrystals with improved properties.

Enzyme-mediated isolation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is a promising environment friendly method with expected lower capital and operating expenditures compared to traditional processes. However, it is still poorly understood. In this study, an endoxylanase was applied as accessory enzyme to assess its potential to increase the selectivity of an endoglucanase during cellulose hydrolysis to isolate CNCs with improved properties.

Standardization of Synthetic Biology Tools and Assembly Methods for and Emerging Yeast Species.

As redesigning organisms using engineering principles is one of the purposes of synthetic biology (SynBio), the standardization of experimental methods and DNA parts is becoming increasingly a necessity. The synthetic biology community focusing on the engineering of has been in the foreground in this area, conceiving several well-characterized SynBio toolkits widely adopted by the community. In this review, the molecular methods and toolkits developed for are discussed in terms of their contributions to the required standardization efforts.

Monomers and Macromolecular Materials from Renewable Resources: State of the Art and Perspectives.

A progressively increasing concern about the environmental impacts of the whole polymer industry has boosted the design of less aggressive technologies that allow for the maximum use of carbon atoms, and reduced dependence on the fossil platform. Progresses related to the former approach are mostly based on the concept of the circular economy, which aims at a thorough use of raw materials, from production to disposal. The latter, however, has been considered a priority nowadays, as short-term biological processes can efficiently provide a myriad of chemicals for the polymer industry.

Polymer ultrastructure governs AA9 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases functionalization and deconstruction efficacy on cellulose nano-crystals.

Lytic Polysaccharide MonoOxygenases display great variability towards cellulose ultrastructure while performing oxidative functionalization of the polymers. Aiming at employing AA9-LPMOs for isolation of cellulose nano-crystals (CNCs), the ratio between functionalization/crystalline degradation became a crucial parameter. Here are reported the constraints posed by the substrate ultrastructure on the activity of seven different AA9 LPMOs representative of various regioselectivity and substrate affinity: TtAA9E, TaAA9A, PcAA9D, MtAA9A, MtAA9D, MtAA9I-CBM and MtAA9J.

High yield biorefinery products from sugarcane bagasse: Prebiotic xylooligosaccharides, cellulosic ethanol, cellulose nanofibrils and lignin nanoparticles.

An integrated biorefining strategy was applied to fractionate Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) into its major constituents, enabling high-yield conversion of the fractionated materials into high-value coproducts alongside cellulosic ethanol. Pilot-scale steam explosion produced a hydrolysate rich in low molecular weight xylooligosaccharides that had a high in vitro efficacy as a prebiotic towards different bifidobacteria. Lignin recovered after alkaline treatment of the steam-exploded SCB was converted into uniform spherical lignin nanoparticles (11.

Enhanced ligand-free attachment of osteoblast to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) nanoparticles.

Polymeric nanoparticles have previously been used as substrates for cell attachment and proliferation due to their ability to mimic the extracellular matrix, but in general, they require surface chemical modifications to achieve this purpose. In this study, polymeric nanoparticles were developed and used without any matrix ligands functionalized on their surface to promote cell attachment and proliferation of human osteoblasts (MG63s). First, telechelic, reduced molar mass and diol-functionalized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) was prepared by transesterification using ethylene glycol.

The Prospering of Macromolecular Materials Based on Plant Oils within the Blooming Field of Polymers from Renewable Resources.

This paper provides an overview of the recent progress in research and development dealing with polymers derived from plant oils. It highlights the widening interest in novel approaches to the synthesis, characterization, and properties of these materials from renewable resources and emphasizes their growing impact on sustainable macromolecular science and technology. The monomers used include unmodified triglycerides, their fatty acids or the corresponding esters, and chemically modified triglycerides and fatty acid esters.

Light-stimulated T. thermophilus two-domain LPMO9H: Low-resolution SAXS model and synergy with cellulases.

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), monocopper enzymes that oxidatively cleave recalcitrant polysaccharides, have important biotechnological applications. Thermothelomyces thermophilus is a rich source of biomass-active enzymes, including many members from auxiliary activities family 9 LPMOs. Here, we report biochemical and structural characterization of recombinant TtLPMO9H which oxidizes cellulose at the C1 and C4 positions and shows enhanced activity in light-driven catalysis assays.

Comparative analysis of two recombinant LPMOs from Aspergillus fumigatus and their effects on sugarcane bagasse saccharification.

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) have been introduced into industrial cocktails used for biomass saccharification due to their capacity to boost enzymatic conversion of recalcitrant cellulose. The genome of the thermotolerant ascomycete Aspergillus fumigatus encodes 7 genes for LPMOs that belong to auxiliary activity family 9 (AA9). Here, we cloned, successfully expressed and performed biochemical evaluation of two CBM-less A.

Effect of chemical treatment of pineapple crown fiber in the production, chemical composition, crystalline structure, thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetic properties of cellulosic materials.

Recently, the growing environmental concerns and economic demands have driven the need to develop effective solutions for the treatment of vegetal fibers to be used as renewable source for various industrial applications. The present study aimed to explore pineapple crown fibers (PCs) as an alternative source of cellulose. The three treatments (alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR), alkaline (AT), and organosolv) evaluated promoted chemical and morphological changes to the PCs.

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion as an Alloy Development Tool: Parameter Selection for In-Situ Alloying Using Elemental Powders.

The design of advanced alloys specifically tailored to additive manufacturing processes is a research field that is attracting ever-increasing attention. Laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) commonly uses pre-alloyed, fine powders (diameter usually 15-45 µm) to produce fully dense metallic parts. The availability of such fine, pre-alloyed powders reduces the iteration speed of alloy development for LPBF and renders it quite costly.

Functional and structural characterization of an α-ʟ-arabinofuranosidase from Thermothielavioides terrestris and its exquisite domain-swapped β-propeller fold crystal packing.

The fungus Thermothielavioides terrestris plays an important role in the global carbon cycle with enzymes capable of degrading polysaccharides from biomass, therefore an attractive source of proteins to be investigated and understood. From cloning to a three-dimensional structure, we foster a deeper characterization of an α-ʟ-arabinofuranosidase, a glycoside hydrolase from the family 62 (TtAbf62), responsible to release arabinofuranose from non-reducing ends of polysaccharides. TtAbf62 was tested with synthetic (pNP-Araf) and polymeric substrates (arabinan and arabinoxylan), showing optimal temperature and pH (for pNP-Araf) of 30 °C and 4.

Functional characterization of a novel thermophilic exo-arabinanase from Thermothielavioides terrestris.

Arabinanases from glycoside hydrolase family GH93 are enzymes with exo-activity that hydrolyze the α-1,5 bonds between arabinose residues present on arabinan. Currently, several initiatives aiming to use byproducts rich in arabinan such as pectin and sugar beet pulp as raw material to produce various compounds of interest are being developed. However, it is necessary to use robust enzymes that have an optimal performance under pH and temperature conditions used in the industrial processes.

Co-production of xylo-oligosaccharides, xylose and cellulose nanofibrils from sugarcane bagasse.

This work investigated the integration of a two-stage hydrothermal treatment for production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS), a high-value product, into the isolation process of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) from sugarcane bagasse. Under optimized conditions, the first stage yielded a XOS-rich, high purity hydrolysate and in the second stage only a xylose-rich hydrolysate could be obtained at high purity. The resulting solid cellulosic fraction was delignified and bleached to obtain a cellulose-rich pulp, which was mechanically defibrillated by disc ultra-refining to CNF.

Optimization of process parameters and fermentation strategy for xylanase production in a stirred tank reactor using a mutant strain.

The present work studied the optimization of aeration rate, agitation rate and oxygen transfer and the use of various batch fermentation strategies for xylanase production from a recombinant strain in a 3 L stirred tank reactor. Maximum xylanase production of 1250 U/mL with productivity of 313 U/mL/day was obtained under an aeration rate of 2 vvm and an agitation rate of 400 rpm using batch fermentation. The optimum volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (ka) for efficient xylanase production was found to be 38.

The role of TiO nanotube surface on osseointegration of titanium implants: Biomechanical and histological study in rats.

The nanoscale surface of titanium has been studied to improve the cellular recognition of the biological microenvironment and to increase bone-implant interaction. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a titanium oxide (TiO ) nanotube surface with a machined surface on osseointegration tibia implants without primary stability. This study used an experimental design, divided into two groups (n = 16): commercially pure titanium machined implants (Cp-Ti Ma) and commercially pure titanium anodized implants (Cp-Ti An).

Curcumin and curcumin-loaded nanoparticles: antipathogenic and antiparasitic activities.

: Curcumin is an important bioactive compound present in , and is well known for its bioactivities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiparasitic and antioxidant activity. The use of curcumin is limited owing to its poor solubility in water, fast degradation, and low bioavailability. This problem can be solved by using nano-curcumin, which is soluble in water and enhances its activity against various microbial pathogens and parasites.

Degradation of antibiotic ciprofloxacin by different AOP systems using electrochemically generated hydrogen peroxide.

The present work reports the degradation of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) by different advanced oxidative process systems (UV; Anodic Oxidation; HO; HO/UV; HO/Fe and HO/UV/Fe) in an electrochemical cell using gas diffusion electrode (GDE) for the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. CIP degradation and mineralization were evaluated by high efficiency liquid chromatography (HPLC) and total organic carbon (TOC) techniques. Of all the systems investigated, the photoelectro-Fenton system presented the best degradation efficiency; this system promoted highly significant mineralization percentages of 54.

Heterologous expression and functional characterization of a GH10 endoxylanase from var. with potential biotechnological application.

Xylanases decrease the xylan content in pretreated biomass releasing it from hemicellulose, thus improving the accessibility of cellulose for cellulases. In this work, an endo-β-1,4-xylanase from var. (AFUMN-GH10) was successfully expressed.

A review on commercial-scale high-value products that can be produced alongside cellulosic ethanol.

The demand for fossil derivate fuels and chemicals has increased, augmenting concerns on climate change, global economic stability, and sustainability on fossil resources. Therefore, the production of fuels and chemicals from alternative and renewable resources has attracted considerable and growing attention. Ethanol is a promising biofuel that can reduce the consumption of gasoline in the transportation sector and related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Exploring the action of endoglucanases on bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp as potential catalyst for isolation of cellulose nanocrystals.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is a high-value and emerging bionanomaterial with an increasing number of applications. The action of endoglucanases (EGs) from fungal and bacterial sources belonging to three glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families were investigated on bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp as potential catalysts to prepare CNC. Fungal GH7EG was the most efficient in hydrolysis and fiber fragmentation without altering crystallinity and crystallite size.