Assessing interpersonal profiles associated with varying levels of effortful control.

Research has linked individual differences in effortful control (EC) with variations in interpersonal functioning in children and adolescents. Using the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Short Circumplex (Hopwood, Pincus, DeMoor, & Koonce, 2008), this study investigated interpersonal problem profiles associated with EC in 763 nonclinical young adults. We found that individuals with low EC reported intrusive interpersonal problems and high levels of interpersonal distress, whereas individuals with high EC reported cold interpersonal problems but low levels of interpersonal distress.

Childhood obesity: effects on children's participation, mental health, and psychosocial development.

Obesity and being overweight in a child significantly affects his or her healthy development hence there is an understandable focus in the occupational therapy literature on the physical health and difficulties in motor function related to obesity. However, this emphasis somewhat overshadows the psychosocial issues of growing-up obese or overweight. The objective of this paper is to apprise readers of the salient multiple psychosocial sequelae associated with childhood obesity including weight bias and victimization.

Dialectal effects on a clinical Spanish word recognition test.

Purpose: American Spanish dialects have substantial phonetic and lexical differences. This study investigated how dialectal differences affect Spanish/English bilingual individuals’ performance on a clinical Spanish word recognition test.

Method: Forty Spanish/English bilinguals participated in the study—20 dominant in Spanish and 20 in English.

Prospective Predictors of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis.

Context: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common overuse injuries.

Objective: To assess the collective evidence of predisposing factors to PFPS.

Data Sources: MEDLINE (1960-June 2010), EMBASE (1980-June 2010), and CINAHL (1982-June 2010).

How "proficient" is proficient? comparison of English and relative proficiency rating as a predictor of bilingual listeners' word recognition.

Purpose: The current study attempted to validate that English proficiency self-ratings predict bilinguals’ recognition of English words as reported in Shi (2011) and to explore whether relative proficiency ratings (English vs. first language) improve prediction.

Method: One hundred and twenty-four participants in Shi (2011) and an additional set of 145 participants were included (Groups 1 and 2, respectively) in this study.

Linguistic and attitudinal factors in normal-hearing bilingual listeners' perception of degraded English passages.

Purpose: Linguistic variables alone cannot fully account for bilingual listeners' perception of English-running speech. In the present study, the authors investigated how linguistic and attitudinal factors, in combination, affect bilingual processing of temporally degraded English passages in quiet and in noise.

Method: Thirty-six bilinguals with various linguistic and attitudinal characteristics participated in the study.

Location in ASL: Insights from phonetic variation.

Recent work on location variation led us to investigate whether phonetic effects influence the lowering of certain forehead located signs in American Sign Language. We found that signing speed and the location of adjacent signs did affect these forehead signs in ways that conform to general principals of coarticulation. In this paper, we use those results as a basis to illustrate additional approaches to the evaluation of the phonetics of location.

Efficacy of class III antiarrhythmics and magnesium combination therapy for atrial fibrillation.

Unlabelled: Atrial fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia, and has been a significant financial burden. Class III antiarrhythmics such as dofetilide, ibutilide, and amiodarone are indicated for rhythm control. Magnesium may possess intrinsic antiarrhythmic properties, and may potentially increase the efficacy of class III antiarrhythmics when used concomitantly.

Lessons learned from the last 20 years of ACL-related in vivo-biomechanics research of the knee joint.

Purpose: Technological advances in recent years have allowed the easy and accurate assessment of knee motion during athletic activities. Subsequently, thousands of studies have been published that greatly improved our understanding of the aetiology, surgical reconstruction techniques and prevention of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence from biomechanical studies on ACL-related research.

Contribution of linguistic variables to bilingual listeners' perception of degraded English sentences.

Purpose: The present study was designed to investigate what linguistic variables best predict bilingual recognition of acoustically degraded sentences and how to identify bilingual individuals who might have more difficulty than their monolingual counterparts on such tasks.

Method: Four hundred English speech-perception-in-noise (SPIN) sentences with high and low context were presented in combinations of noise (signal-to-noise ratio: +6 and 0 dB) and reverberation (reverberation time: 1.2 and 3.

Concurrent validity of the wide range assessment of visual motor abilities in typically developing children ages 4 to 11 years.

Pediatric clinicians working with school-age children use the Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities (WRAVMA) as a method for evaluating visual perception and motor skills in children despite limited information on concurrent validity. Whether it may be substituted for the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) and has suitable estimates of concurrent validity were examined with a convenience sample of 91 typically developing children ages 4 to 11 years. No systematic concurrent validity between the WRAVMA and the VMI emerged.

Interpersonal pathoplasticity in the course of major depression.

Objective: The identification of reliable predictors of course in major depressive disorder (MDD) has been difficult. Evidence suggests that the co-occurrence of personality pathology is associated with longer time to MDD remission. Interpersonal pathoplasticity, the mutually influencing nonetiological relationship between psychopathology and interpersonal traits, offers an avenue for examining specific personality vulnerabilities that may be associated with depressive course.

The use of stabilization exercises and movement reeducation to manage pain and improve function in a dancer with focal degenerative joint disease of the spine.

Little has been written about rehabilitation of low back pain (LBP) specific to the professional dancer. However, there is a rapidly increasing amount of rehabilitation research related to the care of LBP in the general population that may be applied to the dancer population. The purpose of this case report is to describe the physical therapy management of a 37-year-old female professional dancer with a 5-year history of spinal pain and loss of function in the presence of degenerative joint disease at a single segment (T12-L1).

The role of word familiarity in Spanish/English bilingual word recognition.

Objective: This study examined the contribution of word familiarity to Spanish/English bilingual listeners' recognition of English and Spanish words.

Design: The study employed a counterbalanced design. Three lists of monosyllabic English and bisyllabic Spanish words (50 words per list per language) were presented in two blocks.

Spanish/English bilingual listeners on clinical word recognition tests: what to expect and how to predict.

Purpose: The current study was an attempt to provide initial evidence on how to predict the optimal language in which to conduct speech perception testing for Spanish/English (S/E) bilingual listeners.

Method: Thirty normal-hearing S/E listeners differing in age of language acquisition, length of immersion, daily language use, self-rated listening proficiency, and language dominance were evaluated on the English and Spanish word recognition tests in quiet and in speech-spectrum noise.

Results: Performance on the English and Spanish tests was not correlated for any conditions.

Perception of acoustically degraded sentences in bilingual listeners who differ in age of english acquisition.

Purpose: The effects of acoustic degradation and context use on sentence perception were evaluated in listeners differing in age of English acquisition.

Method: Five groups of 8 listeners, native monolingual (NM), native bilingual (NB), and early, late, and very late non-native bilingual (NN-E, NN-L, and NN-VL, respectively), identified target words in 400 Speech-Perception-in-Noise (SPIN) sentences presented in 8 combinations of noise (+6 vs. 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio), reverberation (1.

Masking effects of speech and music: does the masker's hierarchical structure matter?

Speech and music are time-varying signals organized by parallel hierarchical rules. Through a series of four experiments, this study compared the masking effects of single-talker speech and instrumental music on speech perception while manipulating the complexity of hierarchical and temporal structures of the maskers. Listeners' word recognition was found to be similar between hierarchically intact and disrupted speech or classical music maskers (Experiment 1).

Embracing complexity across disciplines: Reflective supervision and postdegree training integrate mental health concepts with speech-language therapy and graduate education.

This article illustrates how relationship-based practice and reflective supervision can augment the practice of professionals in allied health disciplines in the earliest childhood fields. The authors describe how mental health constructs were integrated into the discipline-specific expertise of one speech-language pathologist and how, in turn, that affected her leadership as graduate program director. The article highlights the transformations that took place within one discipline through the assimilation of a transdisciplinary, relationship-based, and reflective model.

Normal-hearing English-as-a-second-language listeners' recognition of English words in competing signals.

English-as-a-second-language (ESL) listeners have difficulty perceiving English speech presented in background noise. The current study furthered this line of investigations by including participants who varied widely in their age of English acquisition and length of English learning: 24 native English monolingual (EML), 12 simultaneous bilingual (SBL), 10 early ESL (E-ESL), and 14 late ESL (L-ESL) listeners. Word recognition scores were obtained in quiet and in the presence of speech-weighted noise, multi-talker babble, forward-playing music, and time-reversed music.

Physician, affective, and cognitive variables differentially predict 'initiation' versus 'maintenance' PSA screening profiles in diverse groups of men.

Objectives: To evaluate the relevance of demographic, physician, and psychological characteristics to PSA screening in ethnic subpopulations and ascertain whether the same characteristics distinguish men who have never had a PSA from those who screen infrequently and those who screen yearly (adhere).

Design And Methods: Stratified cluster-sampling was used to recruit 533 men (45-70 years) from four ethnic groups: African-American; European-American; immigrant Jamaican; and immigrant men from Trinidad and Tobago. Men provided demographic and structural (insurance, regular physician, annual exam, and physician recommendation), cognitive (risk and efficacy perceptions, knowledge), and emotional variables (cancer worry and embarrassment), and reported on PSA screening history.

Subjective and objective effects of fast and slow compression on the perception of reverberant speech in listeners with hearing loss.

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to assess the effect of fast and slow attack/release times (ATs/RTs) on aided perception of reverberant speech in quiet.

Method: Thirty listeners with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss were tested monaurally with a commercial hearing aid programmed in 3 AT/RT settings: linear, fast (AT = 9 ms, RT = 90 ms), and slow (AT = 900 ms, RT = 1,500 ms). Stimuli consisted of 200 low-predictability Speech-Perception-in-Noise sentences, presented at 60 dB SPL at 4 reverberation levels (RT(60) = 0, 0.

Boxing, wrestling, and martial arts related injuries treated in emergency departments in the United States, 2002-2005.

The incidence of injury in combat sports has not been adequately reported although it is important to identify the nature and frequency of injuries prior to the implementation of prevention programs. This study compared injury rates treated in Hospital Emergency Departments between different combat sports of boxing, wrestling, and martial arts. A secondary objective described anatomic region and diagnosis of these injuries.

Sources of variation in growth, form, and survival in dwarf and normal-stature pitch pines (Pinus rigida, Pinaceae) in long-term transplant experiments.

Determining the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to phenotypic variation is critical for understanding the evolutionary ecology of plant species, but few studies have examined the sources of phenotypic differentiation between nearby populations of woody plants. We conducted reciprocal transplant experiments to examine sources of variation in growth rate, form, survival, and maturation in a globally rare dwarf population of pitch pine (Pinus rigida) and in surrounding populations of normal-stature pitch pines on Long Island, New York. Transplants were monitored over a 6-yr period.

Precision and repeatability of the Optotrak 3020 motion measurement system.

Several motion analysis systems are used by researchers to quantify human motion and to perform accurate surgical procedures. The Optotrak 3020 is one of these systems and despite its widespread use there is not any published information on its precision and repeatability. We used a repeated measures design study to evaluate the precision and repeatability of the Optotrak 3020 by measuring distance and angle in three sessions, four distances and three conditions (motion, static vertical, and static tilted).

Thermo-osmoregulation of heat-labile enterotoxin expression by Escherichia coli.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli causes diarrhea by producing several virulence factors including heat-labile enterotoxin (LT). LT is maximally expressed at 37 degrees C. The histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) appears to inhibit LT expression by binding to a downstream regulatory element (DRE) at low temperatures.