The Joint Occurrence of Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia (Osteosarcopenia): Definitions and Characteristics.

Objectives: We sought to examine the associations of osteosarcopenia with physical performance, balance, and falls and fractures in community-dwelling older adults. Additionally, we aimed to determine which clinical outcomes are associated with specific components of osteosarcopenia.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Violacein@Biogenic Ag system: synergistic antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

Objectives: To examine the synergistic antibacterial activity of violacein and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against ATCC bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and two bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis.

Methods: Violacein from Chromobacterium violaceum and biogenic AgNPs from Fusarium oxysporum were evaluated in antimicrobial tests.

Results: E.

Molecular pathways related to the control of proliferation and cell death in 786-O cells treated with plumbagin.

Plumbagin (PLB) is a phytochemical being used for centuries in traditional medicines. Recently, its capacity to inhibit the development of human tumors has been observed, through the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis. Here we evaluated the mechanism of action of PLB in the kidney adenocarcinoma 786-O cell line, which are metabolizing cells important for toxicology studies.

Increased vitamin supplement to sows, piglets and finishers and the effect in productivity.

With still limited information on vitamin requirements and considering that many commercial practices adopt dietary vitamin levels above the values suggested by nutritional tables, this study aimed to assess the effect of administering vitamin supplementation to sows in gestation and lactation and to their litters on the reproductive performance and body condition of the sows and on the performance and immune profile of the litters until slaughter. The trial was split into two phases. The first phase used 104 sows, assigned to be randomized to blocks according to parity, submitted until 21 days of lactation to two treatments: control-standard (standard levels of vitamins) and test-elevated (elevated levels of vitamins).

Changes in Nutritional Status and Musculoskeletal Health in a Geriatric Post-Fall Care Plan Setting.

Understanding how changes in nutritional status influence musculoskeletal recovery after falling remains unclear. We explored associations between changes in nutritional status and musculoskeletal health in 106 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years, who attended the Falls and Fractures Clinic at Sunshine Hospital in St Albans, Australia after falling. At baseline and after 6 months, individuals were assessed for Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), grip strength, gait speed, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and bone turnover marker levels.

Computer Vision Classification of Barley Flour Based on Spatial Pyramid Partition Ensemble.

Imaging sensors are largely employed in the food processing industry for quality control. Flour from malting barley varieties is a valuable ingredient in the food industry, but its use is restricted due to quality aspects such as color variations and the presence of husk fragments. On the other hand, naked varieties present superior quality with better visual appearance and nutritional composition for human consumption.

Looking beyond the skin: Cutaneous and systemic oxidative stress in UVB-induced squamous cell carcinoma in hairless mice.

Cumulative ultraviolet (UV) exposure is associated with squamous skin cell carcinoma. UV radiation induces oxidative modifications in biomolecules of the skin leading to photocarcinogenesis. Indeed, the cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers and other dimers formed by photoaddition between carbon-carbon bonds also have an important role in the initiation process.

Effects of linear versus nonperiodized resistance training on isometric force and skeletal muscle mass adaptations in sarcopenic older adults.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of linear periodization (LP) versus nonperiodized (NP) resistance training on upper-body isometric force and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in sarcopenic older adults. Twenty sarcopenic older adults were randomly assigned into the LP and NP groups and performed 16 weeks of resistance training. The SMM was measured by octopolar bioelectrical impedance.

Aspergillus section Flavi diversity and the role of A. novoparasiticus in aflatoxin contamination in the sugarcane production chain.

The presence of Aspergillus section Flavi and aflatoxins in sugarcane as well as in by-products, such as molasses, sugar, yeast cream and dried yeast, collected from different fields and processing plants in São Paulo state, were investigated throughout the sugarcane production chain. A total of 246 samples was collected and analyzed and 226 isolates of Aspergillus section Flavi were isolated. Aspergillus section Flavi strains were found in sugarcane juice, milled sugarcane, stalk, soil and dried yeast samples.

Association(s) Between Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior Patterns and Obesity Among Brazilian Adolescents.

Purpose: To investigate the association between patterns of sedentary behavior and obesity indicators among adolescents.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 389 adolescents (186 boys) aged 10-14 years. Body mass index, body fat (skinfolds), and waist circumference were adopted as outcomes.

Response of HepG2/C3A cells supplemented with sodium selenite to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.

Oxidative stress (OS) is involved in the onset of various pathological processes, and sodium selenite (NaSeO) is known to have antioxidant activity. This study evaluated the cellular response of human HepG2/C3A cells supplemented with NaSeO when exposed to hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced OS. We analyzed cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, and genotoxicity in comparison with molecular data of mRNA and protein expression.

Body adiposity from childhood to adolescence in boys: Interaction with somatic maturity.

Objectives: To investigate the longitudinal relationship between adiposity and maturity status throughout the transition between childhood and adolescence in boys, and the moderation effect of maturation on adiposity trajectories.

Methods: This was a longitudinal study conducted with 197 boys who were followed over 3 years (from childhood to adolescence). Body adiposity was estimated through the subcutaneous skinfold method, with measures of triceps and subscapular skinfolds.

Classification of Chicken Parts Using a Portable Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectrophotometer and Machine Learning.

Identification of different chicken parts using portable equipment could provide useful information for the processing industry and also for authentication purposes. Traditionally, physical-chemical analysis could deal with this task, but some disadvantages arise such as time constraints and requirements of chemicals. Recently, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and machine learning (ML) techniques have been widely used to obtain a rapid, noninvasive, and precise characterization of biological samples.

Effect of resistance training with different frequencies and subsequent detraining on muscle mass and appendicular lean soft tissue, IGF-1, and testosterone in older women.

Objective: To analyse the effect of resistance training (RT) frequency on muscle mass, appendicular lean soft tissue, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), testosterone, and their changes with detraining in older women.

Methods: Forty-five physically independent older women (≥ 60 years) were randomly assigned to perform RT either two (G2X, n = 21) or three times/week (G3X, n = 24), during 12 weeks (8 exercises, 1 set of 10-15 repetition maximum). Muscle mass and appendicular lean soft tissue, IGF-1, testosterone, and dietary intake were measured at pre-training, post-training, and after detraining (12 weeks).

Depressed female smokers have higher levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1.

Aim: To examine clinical and biomarkers in depressed female smokers, in order to better clarify the process that link mood disorders, childhood trauma and smoking in women.

Methods: The clinical sample comprised women with unipolar or bipolar depression, divided into subgroups of smokers and never-smoker. The control groups comprised two subgroups non-depressed women, separated into smokers and never-smokers.

Smear layer removal by different chemical solutions used with or without ultrasonic activation after post preparation.

Objectives: This study evaluated smear layer removal by different chemical solutions used with or without ultrasonic activation after post preparation.

Materials And Methods: Forty-five extracted uniradicular human mandibular premolars with single canals were treated endodontically. The cervical and middle thirds of the fillings were then removed, and the specimens were divided into 9 groups: G1, saline solution (NaCl); G2, 2.

Cutaneous leishmaniosis in naturally infected dogs in Paraná, Brazil, and the epidemiological implications of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis detection in internal organs and intact skin.

Environmental changes have occurred over the years, altering the eco-epidemiological pattern of leishmaniosis in the State of Paraná, Brazil, involving the pillars of the cycle (parasite, vectors, reservoir, and environment) and their interaction. Much has been discussed about the dog's role as a reservoir of the Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Vianna, 1911 transmission cycle. However, this question remains unanswered.

Impact of Martial Arts (Judo, Karate, and Kung Fu) on Bone Mineral Density Gains in Adolescents of Both Genders: 9-Month Follow-Up.

Purpose: To compare bone mineral density (BMD) gains in adolescents of both genders stratified according to different martial art styles in a 9-month follow-up study.

Methods: The longitudinal study consisted of 29 adolescents of both genders and age between 11 and 17 years stratified into a control group (not engaged in any sport) and 50 fighters (kung fu/karate, n = 29; judo, n = 21). All 79 subjects underwent anthropometric measures (weight, height, leg length, and height set) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (BMD, in g/cm) at 2 moments, baseline and 9 months later.

Shared metabolic and immune-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways in the metabolic syndrome and mood disorders.

This review examines the shared immune-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) and metabolic pathways underpinning metabolic syndrome (MetS), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Shared pathways in both MetS and mood disorders are low grade inflammation, including increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins, increased lipid peroxidation with formation of malondialdehyde and oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), hypernitrosylation, lowered levels of antioxidants, most importantly zinc and paraoxonase (PON1), increased bacterial translocation (leaky gut), increased atherogenic index of plasma and Castelli risk indices; and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) cholesterol. Insulin resistance is probably not a major factor associated with mood disorders.

InsuOnline, an Electronic Game for Medical Education on Insulin Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial With Primary Care Physicians.

Background: Most patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are followed by primary care physicians, who often lack knowledge or confidence to prescribe insulin properly. This contributes to clinical inertia and poor glycemic control. Effectiveness of traditional continuing medical education (CME) to solve that is limited, so new approaches are required.

Nanopharmaceuticals as a solution to neglected diseases: Is it possible?

The study of neglected diseases has not received much attention, especially from public and private institutions over the last years, in terms of strong support for developing treatment for these diseases. Support in the form of substantial amounts of private and public investment is greatly needed in this area. Due to the lack of novel drugs for these diseases, nanobiotechnology has appeared as an important new breakthrough for the treatment of neglected diseases.

Production and characterization of bacterial cellulose membranes with hyaluronic acid from chicken comb.

The bacterial cellulose (BC), from Gluconacetobacter hansenii, is a biofilm with a high degree of crystallinity that can be used for therapeutic purposes and as a candidate for healing wounds. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a constitutive polysaccharide found in the extracellular matrix and is a material used in tissue engineering and scaffolding for tissue regeneration. In this study, polymeric composites were produced in presence of hyaluronic acid isolated from chicken comb on different days of fermentation, specifically on the first (BCHA-SABT0) and third day (BCHA-SABT3) of fermentation.

Static and Functional Balance in Individuals With COPD: Comparison With Healthy Controls and Differences According to Sex and Disease Severity.

Background: Studies have shown that individuals with COPD have impaired body balance, probably caused by the disease's multisystemic manifestations plus age-related decline in balance, potentially increasing the risk of falling and its consequences. However, little is known about the profile of individuals with COPD who present balance impairments, especially related to sex and disease severity stages. The aim of this work was to compare static and functional balance between subjects with COPD and healthy controls and to check possible differences according to sex and degrees of disease severity.

'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos': Transplacental transmission in dairy cows (Bos taurus).

'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos' is a haemotropic mycoplasma that can produce various clinical signs in cattle, but abortive potential of the parasite is unknown, as well as the frequency of transplacental transmission in cattle. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the frequency of detection of 'C. M.

Advances in Chromobacterium violaceum and properties of violacein-Its main secondary metabolite: A review.

Chromobacterium violaceum is important in the production of violacein, like other bacteria, such as Alteromonas, Janthinobacterium, Pseudoalteromonas, Duganella, Collimonas and Escherichia. Violacein is a versatile pigment, where it exhibits several biological activities, and every year, it shows increasing commercially interesting uses, especially for industrial applications in cosmetics, medicines and fabrics. This review on violacein focuses mainly on the last five years of research regarding this target compound and describes production and importance of quorum sensing in C.