Association of IGF-1 and IGF-2 genotypes with respiratory muscle strength in individuals with COPD: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a systemic disease characterized not only by respiratory symptoms but also by physical deconditioning and muscle weakness. One prominent manifestation of this disease is the decline in respiratory muscle strength. Previous studies have linked the genotypes of insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and IGF-2) to muscle weakness in other populations without this disease.

Differential utility of various frailty diagnostic tools in non-geriatric hospital departments of several countries: A longitudinal study.

Background: There is limited knowledge on the performance of different frailty scales in clinical settings. We sought to evaluate in non-geriatric hospital departments the feasibility, agreement and predictive ability for adverse events after 1 year follow-up of several frailty assessment tools.

Methods: Longitudinal study with 667 older adults recruited from five hospitals in three different countries (Spain, Italy and United Kingdom).

Pulmonary function is associated with frailty, hospitalization and mortality in older people: 5-year follow-up.

Background: The relationship between pulmonary impairment and frailty has rarely been studied in community-dwelling older adults.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between pulmonary function and frailty (prevalent and incident), identifying the best cut-off points to detect frailty and its association with hospitalization and mortality.

Methods: A longitudinal observational cohort study with 1188 community-dwelling older adults was taken from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging.

Healthcare cost expenditures associated to frailty and sarcopenia.

Objectives: Frailty and sarcopenia have been related with adverse events, including hospitalization. However, its combined effect with hospitalization-related outcomes, including costs, has not been previously investigated. Our purpose was to explore how frailty, sarcopenia and its interaction could impact on healthcare expenditures.

Effect of application time and concentration of silver diamine fluoride on the enamel remineralization.

Background: Silver diamine fluoride has attracted attention because of its clinical success in arresting dental caries. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different application times and concentrations of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on deciduous tooth enamel remineralization.

Material And Methods: Blocks of deciduous tooth enamel were categorized into six groups of 11 each: 2 control groups: intact enamel, and demineralized enamel; 38% SDF and 30% SDF which were subdivided according to application times (1 and 3 min).

[Not Available].

Social participation is defined as the integration of people into community activities in voluntary or mandatory, formal and informal social groups, which could have consequences concerning the health of the older population. A search was conducted on Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus and Google Scholar. For this review, 16 articles studying the impact of social participation on older adults were analyzed, including a total of 73,698,096 individuals from North America, Asia, Europe, and Latin America.

NOVEL antioxidant and oxidant biomarkers related to sarcopenia in COPD.

Background: The relation between oxidative stress (OS) and sarcopenia in COPD remains unknown.

Objective: To analyze OS levels and its association with sarcopenia in COPD.

Methods: Thirty-nine individuals with COPD (69±7years; 41%female) and thirty-five for the control group (69±7years; 43%female) were included.

The Joint Occurrence of Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia (Osteosarcopenia): Definitions and Characteristics.

Objectives: We sought to examine the associations of osteosarcopenia with physical performance, balance, and falls and fractures in community-dwelling older adults. Additionally, we aimed to determine which clinical outcomes are associated with specific components of osteosarcopenia.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Changes in Nutritional Status and Musculoskeletal Health in a Geriatric Post-Fall Care Plan Setting.

Understanding how changes in nutritional status influence musculoskeletal recovery after falling remains unclear. We explored associations between changes in nutritional status and musculoskeletal health in 106 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years, who attended the Falls and Fractures Clinic at Sunshine Hospital in St Albans, Australia after falling. At baseline and after 6 months, individuals were assessed for Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), grip strength, gait speed, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and bone turnover marker levels.

Effects of an exercise model based on functional circuits in an older population with different levels of social participation.

Aim: To investigate whether being part of a community organization interfered with older adults' overall functionality. The magnitude of responses to a community exercise program based on functional circuits in socially active and socially non-active older adults was also investigated.

Methods: A total of 200 older adults aged ≥60 years from Requinoa, Chile, participated in the study.

Physical activity patterns and clusters in 1001 patients with COPD.

We described physical activity measures and hourly patterns in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) after stratification for generic and COPD-specific characteristics and, based on multiple physical activity measures, we identified clusters of patients. In total, 1001 patients with COPD (65% men; age, 67 years; forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEV], 49% predicted) were studied cross-sectionally. Demographics, anthropometrics, lung function and clinical data were assessed.

'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos': Transplacental transmission in dairy cows (Bos taurus).

'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos' is a haemotropic mycoplasma that can produce various clinical signs in cattle, but abortive potential of the parasite is unknown, as well as the frequency of transplacental transmission in cattle. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the frequency of detection of 'C. M.

Five-week sensory motor training program improves functional performance and postural control in young male soccer players - A blind randomized clinical trial.

Unlabelled: Sensory motor training programs are used in the rehabilitation and prevention of injuries among soccer players. Inconsistencies are found in the literature regarding the duration of the protocols and the exercises and equipment used.

Objective: To evaluate the benefits of a five-week sensory motor training program on the functional performance and postural control of young soccer players.

Measurement properties of the Timed Up & Go test in patients with COPD.

We aimed to investigate the construct validity of the Timed Up & Go (TUG) test in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), to identify characteristics related to an abnormal TUG time and to examine the responsiveness of the TUG to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). TUG time was assessed before and after comprehensive PR in 500 COPD patients, and compared cross-sectionally in 100 non-COPD subjects. Physical health outcomes, mental health outcomes, symptom-related outcomes and multidimensional indices were assessed in COPD patients only.

L-Arginine supplementation does not enhance blood flow and muscle performance in healthy and physically active older women.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute L-arginine (L-arg) supplementation on peripheral vasodilatation and muscle performance in older women.

Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 20 elderly women were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to either an L-arg (ARG, N = 10) or placebo (PLA, N = 10) group. During the first visit, both groups underwent a Doppler ultrasound exam (to assess the femoral artery vasodilatation) at rest (baseline), and immediately before and after the isokinetic strength test (performed at 80 min after supplementation).

Simple Lower Limb Functional Tests in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: To evaluate the characteristics and available evidence on the measurement properties of the gait speed (GS) test, timed Up and Go test (TUG), sit-to-stand (STS) test, and step test; to investigate their relation with clinical outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); and to provide recommendations for clinical practice and future research.

Data Sources: Studies were systematically identified from a literature search using PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases and the reference lists of the included articles.

Study Selection: Studies including ≥1 of these 4 lower limb functional tests (GS test, TUG, STS test, and step test) as an outcome in patients with COPD were selected.

Prevalence of tinnitus in elderly individuals with and without history of occupational noise exposure.

Introduction:  The various metabolic and circulatory alterations that are related to noise exposure may cause the onset of several symptoms, including tinnitus.

Objective:  The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of tinnitus complaints in elderly individuals with and without history of occupational noise exposure.

Method:  This prospective study was conducted in a sample population consisting of 502 individuals aged over 60 years, by anamnesis and audiological evaluation.