Male social embeddedness and intimate partner violence perpetration in Tanzania: A cross-sectional study of young Tanzanian men.

Objectives: Social embeddedness - or lack thereof - has been associated with a number of antisocial behaviours, including perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV). The prevalence of IPV in Tanzania remains high, yet the influence of perceived social connection on IPV and coercive control perpetration in young African men has remained mostly unexplored.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 1,002 young Tanzanian men aged 18 to 24 living in Mwanza, Tanzania.

School-age growth and development following infant feeding and/or water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in rural Zimbabwe: long-term follow-up of a cluster-randomised trial.

Background: Few trials have explored long-term effects of interventions designed to reduce child stunting. We evaluated school-age outcomes in rural Zimbabwean children who received cluster-randomised water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and/or infant and young child feeding (IYCF) interventions from pregnancy up to 18 months of age.

Methods: The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial enrolled pregnant women from two rural Zimbabwean districts (Chirumanzu and Shurugwi) between 2012 and 2015, and cluster-randomised them using a 2 × 2 factorial design to standard-of-care, WASH, IYCF, or combined WASH & IYCF, with a co-primary outcome of height-for-age Z-score and haemoglobin at 18 months (clinicaltrials.

Public health, policy, and clinical interventions to improve perinatal care for migrant women and infants in high-income countries: a systematic review.

Background: Migrant women who are pregnant or postpartum and their infants are often at increased risk of poorer perinatal outcomes compared to host country populations. This review aimed to identify public health, policy, and clinical interventions to improve maternity care for migrant women and their infants in high-income countries (HICs).

Methods: In this systematic review we searched EMBASE, EMCARE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO, CENTRAL, Scopus, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, and grey literature from inception to 13th March 2024, with no language or date restrictions (PROSPERO: CRD42022380678).

The effects of blood cell salvage on transfusion requirements after decannulation from veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an emulated trial analysis.

Background: Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is a supportive therapy for acute respiratory failure with increased risk of packed red blood cells (PRBC) transfusion. Blood cell salvage (BCS) aims to reduce blood transfusion, but its efficacy is unclear. This study aimed to estimate the effect of BCS at the time of removal of the ECMO circuit (ECMO decannulation) on PRBC transfused.

The role of the public health service in the implementation of heat health action plans for climate change adaptation in Germany: A qualitative study.

Background: In response to climate change-induced increases in heat periods, the WHO recommends the implementation of heat health action plans (HHAPs). In Germany, HHAPs are implemented neither comprehensively nor nationwide. Several recommendations have identified the public health service (PHS) at municipal and federal state levels as a key actor regarding to heat and health.

Factors associated with declining a menstrual cup among female students and their parents in Ugandan secondary schools: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: A greater choice of menstrual products may improve menstrual health (MH). This study assessed factors associated with declining consent to receive a menstrual cup by parents and female students participating in a MH intervention trial in Ugandan schools.

Methods: We analysed baseline data from a cluster-randomised trial evaluating the effectiveness of a multicomponent MH intervention among female students in 60 Ugandan secondary schools.

Standards for Quality Improvement Registries on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: A Delphi Consensus Report From VASCUNET and International Consortium of Vascular Registries.

Objective: Outcome registries in vascular surgery are increasingly used to drive quality improvement by vascular societies. The VASCUNET collaboration, within the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS), and the International Consortium of Vascular Registries (ICVR) developed a set of variables for quality improvement registries on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair as a registry standard.

Methods: Representatives from international vascular registries within VASCUNET, ICVR, and other nations with established registries were invited to provide the variables.

Exploring the strategies and components of interventions to build adolescent awareness about stunting prevention in West Java: A qualitative study.

Aim: This study aimed to explore the strategies and important components that can be implemented to build adolescent awareness about stunting prevention.

Methods: This study used descriptive qualitative design. The data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and semi-structured interviews.

Management of possible serious bacterial infections in young infants where referral is not possible in the context of existing health system structure in Mbeya, Tanzania: Experience and lessons from the end line assessment.

Severe bacterial infections (SBIs) are a leading cause of neonatal deaths in low- and middle-income countries. World Health Organization's (WHO's) guideline for outpatient management of danger signs indicating possible serious bacterial infections (PSBI) when referral is not possible was adopted by three pilot district councils in Mbeya Region, in Tanzania (Busekelo, Kyela and Mbarali Districts) in 2018 (the PSBI project). This study documented changes in practice during the PSBI project, and lessons learned.

Dynamics of the blood plasma proteome during hyperacute HIV-1 infection.

The complex dynamics of protein expression in plasma during hyperacute HIV-1 infection and its relation to acute retroviral syndrome, viral control, and disease progression are largely unknown. Here, we quantify 1293 blood plasma proteins from 157 longitudinally linked plasma samples collected before, during, and after hyperacute HIV-1 infection of 54 participants from four sub-Saharan African countries. Six distinct longitudinal expression profiles are identified, of which four demonstrate a consistent decrease in protein levels following HIV-1 infection.

Living restricted lives - Understanding the impact of isolation, social distancing and other restriction measures on older care home residents and their relatives in England during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, care homes for older adults in England implemented isolation, social distancing and other restriction measures to help protect residents from contracting the virus. Little was known about the physical and psychological impacts that these measures would have upon residents and their relatives.

Aim: To explore the experiences of residents and their relatives of living restricted lives during the pandemic.

Care for patients living with chronic conditions using the ICAN Discussion Aid: A mixed methods cluster-randomized trial.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of the ICAN Discussion Aid in improving patients' experience of receiving care for their chronic conditions and health professionals' experience of providing their care.

Methods: We conducted a pragmatic, mixed-methods, cluster-randomized trial of the ICAN Discussion Aid at 8 clinics in 4 independent health systems in the US from January 2017 and to August 2018. Sites were randomized 1:1 in pairs.

Multisectoral One Health collaborations across human, animal and environmental health: a protocol paper for an umbrella systematic review of conceptual and analytical approaches to sustainability.

Introduction: Recent decades have seen a growth in multisectoral and transdisciplinary approaches to improving global health, particularly across human, animal and environmental health-related sciences that advocate for participatory, systems-based perspectives to understanding and promoting health and well-being in the context of social and ecological interactions. For several issues, including human health, animal health and food security, researchers have highlighted the need for transdisciplinary One Health approaches to assess the sustainability of interventions. To understand the current thinking and conceptualisation of sustainability across One Health disciplines, we present a protocol paper for an umbrella systematic review study planned in 2024.

Phenotypic and genotypic correlates of the sodium bicarbonate-responsive phenotype among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from skin and soft-tissue infections.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the frequency of the novel sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO)-responsive phenotype, wherein clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates are rendered susceptible to standard-of-care β-lactams in the presence of NaHCO, in a collection of 103 clinical U.S. MRSA skin and soft-tissue infection (SSTI) isolates and 22 clinical European SSTI isolates.

Identifying Positive Practices to Institutionalize Social Innovation in the Malawian Health System.

Background: Governments worldwide are increasingly interested in scaling up effective public health innovations, but it is not always easy to institutionalize innovations, arising outside the public health system, as a part of national delivery. Evidence on how country governments can practically achieve this is limited. This article describes the institutionalization of the Chipatala Cha Pa Foni (CCPF, Health Center by Phone) social innovation into the Malawian public health, and identifies positive institutional practices that local actors drew on to achieve this.

PET-CT outcomes from a randomised controlled trial of rosuvastatin as an adjunct to standard tuberculosis treatment.

Adjunctive rosuvastatin for rifampicin-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis (rs-PTB) shows no effect on microbiological or radiological outcomes in a phase IIb randomised, controlled trial (NCT04504851). We explore the impact of adjunctive rosuvastatin on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging in a sub-study of 24 participants. Changes in standardised uptake value (SUVmax, SUVmean), Total Metabolic Volume, (TMV), Total Lesion Glycolysis (TLG), cavity diameter and volume, between week 0 and week 8 post-randomisation, are evaluated.

CRISPR-Cas Systems in the Fight Against Antimicrobial Resistance: Current Status, Potentials, and Future Directions.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health concern that threatens the efficacy of existing antibiotics and poses significant challenges to public health and the economy worldwide. This review explores the potential of CRISPR-Cas systems as a novel approach to combating AMR and examines current applications, limitations, and prospects.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, covering publications published from 2014 to August 2024.