Early-life exposure to residential greenness and risk of asthma in a U.S. bronchiolitis cohort.

Introduction: Severe bronchiolitis (i.e., bronchiolitis requiring hospitalization) is linked to childhood asthma development.

Shielding during medical training: an exploration of effects, consequences and best practices.

Background: Shielding during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted postgraduate medical training, likely affecting between 7% and 14% of trainees. We examine the burden of shielding on this cohort and provide strategies for future working practices.

Methods: Seventeen postgraduate doctors in training took part in non-incentivised, virtual focus groups or interviews.

Microbial dysbiosis and childhood asthma development: Integrated role of the airway and gut microbiome, environmental exposures, and host metabolic and immune response.

Asthma is a chronic and heterogeneous respiratory disease with many risk factors that typically originate during early childhood. A complex interplay between environmental factors and genetic predisposition is considered to shape the lung and gut microbiome in early life. The growing literature has identified that changes in the relative abundance of microbes (microbial dysbiosis) and reduced microbial diversity, as triggers of the airway-gut axis crosstalk dysregulation, are associated with asthma development.

The process of implementing child mortality reviews in low- and middle-income countries: a narrative systematic review.

Objectives: This review aims to describe the processes that have been used to implement child mortality reviews in LMICs and to identify the facilitators and barriers to their implementation and impact. This will help to inform healthcare professionals and managers planning to implement a child mortality review in their setting.

Methods: MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched for papers published between January 1996 and April 2019.

Child survival in England: Strengthening governance for health.

The United Kingdom, like all European countries, is struggling to strengthen health systems and improve conditions for child health and survival. Child mortality in the UK has failed to improve in line with other countries. Securing optimal conditions for child health requires a healthy society, strong health system, and effective health care.

Competency-based training: who benefits?

Competency based training describes progression through training referenced to the demonstrated ability to perform certain tasks. In recent years, this has become the dominant curriculum model. We seek to examine who benefits from a competency based approach to medical education.

Watery eyes during urination.

We report the unusual case of tear production with painless micturition, only once described in the medical literature in 1932. We report on a 3-year-old girl with painless "watering of her eyes every time she passed urine" present since birth and occasionally associated with a vacant look and dropping of her jaw. With only 1 previously described case in the literature but clear evidence from online fora, we describe how this phenomenon may be more common than previously thought.