Pediatric primary intraventricular hemorrhage: A case report of isolated fourth ventricle hemorrhage in a 10-year-old boy.

Key Clinical Message: Primary intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) is a rare condition in pediatric patients, presenting with headache, vomiting, and altered mental status. Surgical interventions, such as external ventricular drain placement, followed by ventriculoperitoneal shunting, show promising outcomes. Further research is needed to enhance understanding and optimize management strategies for pediatric PIVH.

Upfront tofacitinib in patients with biological-naïve ulcerative colitis - An Indian multicentric experience.

Objectives: Tofacitinib is a Janus Kinase inhibitor used for treating moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC), mainly after the failure of biological therapy. There is a paucity of data on the outcome of tofacitinib in biological-naïve UC patients. The present study was aimed at analyzing the safety and efficacy of tofacitinib in biological-naïve Indian patients with UC.

Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery-cold alert!

The term "cold agglutinin (CA)" refers to a group of disorders caused by anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies that preferentially bind RBCs at cold temperatures (4°C-18°C). CAs contribute to 10 to 15% of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. We report a case of CAs diagnosed intraoperatively during emergency mitral valve replacement.

Rare cause of persistent hypocalcaemia in infancy due to PTH gene mutation.

Hypocalcaemia is a frequently encountered electrolyte abnormality in neonates and it is mostly transient. However, persistent hypocalcaemia can point towards an endocrine abnormality like hypoparathyroidism, which is usually due to genetic disorders like DiGeorge and Kearns Sayre syndrome or due to mutations of genes like GCM2, CaSR and PTH.Our patient was a female child, who presented with hypocalcaemic convulsions in the neonatal period.

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Mutation and Ivosidenib in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Comprehensive Review.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) arises from immature myeloid progenitors, resulting in a stem-cell-like proliferative state. This leads to excessive pools of immature cells that cannot function, which usually happens at the cost of the production of mature functional cells, leading to deleterious consequences. The management of AML has intensified as newer targeted therapies have come into existence owing to deeper genetic analysis of the disease and patients.

Swallowing Dysfunction after Acute Stroke: The Incidence, Predictors and Outcome.

Introduction: Swallowing dysfunction is common after acute stroke. It increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia and affects nutrition. In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence of dysphagia after a single episode of acute stroke in conscious patients and the factors predisposing the patient to dysphagia.

Insight in patients with bipolar disorder: Findings from the bipolar disorder course and outcome study from India (BiD-CoIN study).

Background: There are limited number of studies evaluating insight among patients with bipolar disorder (BD).

Aim: This study aimed to examine insight and its correlates in BD using the data from the multicenter BD course and outcome study from India (BiD-CoIN). The additional aim was to evaluate the insight in patients with BD using different scales and understand the correlates of insight.

Disability and its correlates among persons with bipolar disorder: Exploratory findings from the bipolar disorder course and outcome study from India (BiD-CoIN study).

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the disability and its correlates in persons with Bipolar Disorder during the remission phase.

Materials And Methods: As part of the multicentric study, 773 patients with bipolar disorder, currently in clinical remission, were evaluated for disability on the Indian Disability Assessment Evaluation Scale.

Results: About one-fifth of the participants had some level of disability in the domain of self-care, one-third had some level of disability in the interpersonal domain, one-fourth had some level of disability in communication and understanding, and a maximum proportion (43.

A Case of Tracheitis Sicca with Obstructive Tracheal Crusting In A 7 Year Old Boy.

Tracheitis sicca is a rare condition where there is drying and crusting of tracheal mucosa which may lead to tracheal obstruction and respiratory distress. Reported here is a case of young boy, who presented with cough, cold and respiratory distress worsening over a period of 5 days. On admission the patient was administered with dexamethasone and was intubated.

Incidence & factors influencing maternal near miss events in tertiary hospitals of Maharashtra, India.

Background & Objectives: Government of India (GoI) released operational guidelines for maternal near miss-review (MNM-R) in 2014 for use by programme managers of public health system to assist them for conducting MNM-R. The objective of the present study was to review the incidence and factors influencing MNM events in two tertiary hospitals of Maharashtra, India, as per the operational guidelines of the GoI released in 2014 and identify delays based on three-delay model to prevent such events in future.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in two tertiary hospitals of Maharashtra, from July 2018 to November 2020.

IMPETUS Stroke: Assessment of hospital infrastructure and workflow for implementation of uniform stroke care pathway in India.

Background: India accounts for 13.3% of global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to stroke with a relatively younger age of onset compared to the Western population. In India's public healthcare system, many stroke patients seek care at tertiary-level government-funded medical colleges where an optimal level of stroke care is expected.

Myoinositol Versus Metformin in the Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread, complex, and multi-system hormonal disorder that occurs in women of reproductive age. The wide variation in practice in the treatment of PCOS is a direct consequence of the lack of sufficient evidence on alternative treatment strategies, as well as a poor understanding of the disorder itself. The aim of our systematic review was to assess the therapeutic advantages and adverse effects of metformin (MET), a standard treatment modality, with myoinositol (MI), a recent substitute that may be used alone or in combination with other remedies to treat PCOS.

Prospective study to compare results of FIA (fluorescent immunoassay) test with gold standard ELISA test in Dengue NS1 patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the performance of STANDARD F Dengue NS1 Ag FIA SD Biosensor and ELISA for diagnosis of dengue in patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital. The results of the FIA test were compared with ELISA test, the gold standard in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value.

Methods: Total 19,890 patients suffering from acute febrile illness suspecting dengue were screened for dengue NS1 antigen by rapid immunochromatography test during the period of one year and six months from June 2020 to November 2021.

A Comprehensive Review on Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Presentation, Pathophysiology and Management.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a group of heterogeneous tumors with neuroendocrine differentiation that can arise from any organ. They account for 2% of all malignancies in the United States. A significant proportion of NEN patients experience endocrine imbalances consequent to increased amine or peptide hormone secretion, impacting their quality of life and prognosis.

Cross-sectional study to evaluate the utility of elastic tissue staining in primary cicatricial alopecia.

Background And Aims: Diagnosing end-stage primary cicatricial alopecia (PCA) on routine histology is challenging since the major diagnostic feature (inflammatory infiltrate) may be minimal or absent. This study aimed to assess various staining patterns and diagnostic utility of elastic tissue staining by Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG) method and trichoscopy in PCA.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Complete resolution of focal-on-diffuse myocardial activity pattern on FDG PET-CT by prolonging the dietary preparation protocol in cardiac sarcoidosis.

Patient preparation is crucial for reliable interpretation of cardiac inflammation FDG PET. We share our experience of improved reporting confidence and propose a simple approach of prolonging preparation (from 24 to 48 hours) with the high-fat, no-carbohydrate, and protein-permitted diet followed by fasting in cardiac sarcoidosis in cases with diffuse or focal-on-diffuse myocardial FDG uptake.

Heart failure in patients with metabolic syndrome X.

Metabolic syndrome X has been known to be a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular dysfunction. Insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and serum lipid abnormalities, which are all seen in metabolic syndrome X, have been found to negatively impact heart function, leading to heart failure in particular. Heart failure is a condition resulting when the heart is unable to perform its function of providing sufficient blood flow to meet the body's requirements.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Risk Factors and Newer Risk Reduction Strategies.

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) continues to be one of the top causes of infant death in the U.S. Despite significant public health initiatives focused on high-risk populations to enhance sleep environments and techniques.

Double Pseudoaneurysm of the Superficial Palmar Arch: A Unique Case.

We present the case of a 22-year-old male patient who developed "double" pseudoaneurysm of the superficial palmar arch of the left hand after trivial trauma with a kitchen knife. Following an unsuccessful embolization attempt, surgical excision of the pseudoaneurysm was performed during which the pseudoaneurysm was found to arise from the anterior wall of the palmar arch. Intraoperatively, a second pseudoaneurysm arising from the deeper surface of the superficial palmar arch was found and excised.

Breaking the Mold: Surgical Exploration for Spinal Impalement Injury Without Neurological Deficit.

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are a significant burden on society, particularly affecting the working population. Traumatic SCI can result from violent confrontations, involving firearms, knives, or edged weapons. Although surgical techniques for these injuries are not well defined, surgical exploration, decompression, and removal of the foreign body are currently indicated for patients with spinal stab wound injuries with neurologic impairment.

Obesity: An Instagram Analysis.

Introduction Although the pathophysiology of obesity is widely recognized, its psychological and social aspects have received more attention in treatment and prevention. Social media technological advancements offer a quicker, more accessible, and broader platform for the dissemination of information. Hence, social media may significantly impact eating habits and body image development in children and adolescents, potentially turning into a risk factor for obesity if the behaviors being pushed are not consistent with a healthy lifestyle.

Neurocognitive Disorders in HIV-positive Patients.

Unlabelled: Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) encompasses a group of syndromes of various degrees of impairment in cognition and daily functioning of HIV positive individuals. Although the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has drastically reduced the prevalence of severe form of HAND, like HIV associated dementia (HAD), the prevalence of HAND and associated morbidity remains high.

Objectives: (1) To know the prevalence of HAND in HIV-infected patients of a multi-ethnic population.