An Open-Label Randomized Multicenter Study Assessing the Noninferiority of a Caffeine-Based Topical Liquid 0.2% versus Minoxidil 5% Solution in Male Androgenetic Alopecia.

Background: Androgenetic alopecia is a condition with a high prevalence worldwide and affects both males and females. Currently, only 2 approved treatments exist: finasteride (males only) and minoxidil 2 or 5% solution (males and females).

Methods: We conducted a randomized, open-label, multicenter noninferiority study to determine whether a caffeine-based 0.

Therapeutic hypothermia in mild neonatal encephalopathy: a national survey of practice in the UK.

Although major cooling trials (and subsequent guidelines) excluded babies with mild encephalopathy, anecdotal evidence suggests that cooling is often offered to these infants. We report a national survey on current cooling practices for babies with mild encephalopathy in the UK. From 74 neonatal units contacted, 68 were cooling centres.

A cohort evaluation of clinical use and performance characteristics of Ambu AuraGain™: A prospective observational study.

Background And Aims: Ambu AuraGain™ (AG) (Ambu, Ballerup, Denmark) is a supraglottic device which has a design facilitating its use as a conduit for intubation. We designed this prospective observational study to assess the ease of AG placement in paralysed patients, determine its position and alignment to the glottis and assess its utility as a conduit for intubation.

Methods: One hundred patients, aged 18-60 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II, undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia were included in the study.

Comparison between intranasal dexmedetomidine and intranasal midazolam as premedication for brain magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric patients: A prospective randomized double blind trial.

Background And Aims: Preprocedural preparation of children scheduled for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is challenging. This prospective, randomized trial compared intranasal midazolam with intranasal dexmedetomidine as premedication for children scheduled for brain MRI.

Material And Methods: In total, 60 children, aged 1-8 years, scheduled for elective brain MRI, were randomly assigned to the intranasal dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg; Group D) or intranasal midazolam (0.

Is segmental epidural anaesthesia an optimal technique for patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy?

Background And Aims: Neuraxial anaesthesia has recently become popular for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). We conducted a study comparing general anaesthesia (GA) with segmental (T-T) epidural anaesthesia (SEA) for PCNL with respect to anaesthesia and surgical characteristics.

Methods: Ninety American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status-I and II patients undergoing PCNL randomly received either GA or SEA.

Prehospital notification for major trauma patients requiring emergency hospital transport: A systematic review.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to determine the effect of prehospital notification systems for major trauma patients on overall (<30 days) and early (<24 hours) mortality, hospital reception, and trauma team presence (or equivalent) on arrival, time to critical interventions, and length of hospital stay.

Methods: Experimental and observational studies of prehospital notification compared with no notification or another type of notification in major trauma patients requiring emergency transport were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane ACROBAT-NRSI tool.

Effect of Pneumoperitoneum and Lateral Position on Oropharyngeal Seal Pressures of Proseal LMA in Laparoscopic Urological Procedures.

Introduction: A sustained and effective oropharyngeal sealing with supraglottic airway is required to maintain the ventilation during laparoscopic surgery. Previous studies have observed the Oropharyngeal Seal Pressure (OSP) for Proseal Laryngeal Mask Airway (PLMA) after pneumoperitoneum in supine and trendelenburg position, where PLMA was found to be an effective airway device. This study was conducted with ProSeal LMA, for laparoscopic Urologic procedures done in lateral position.

Outcome of four pretreatment regimes on hemodynamics during electroconvulsive therapy: A double-blind randomized controlled crossover trial.

Context: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is associated with tachycardia and hypertension.

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare two doses of dexmedetomidine, esmolol, and lignocaine with respect to hemodynamics, seizure duration, emergence agitation (EA), and recovery profile.

Methodology: Thirty patients undergoing ECT were assigned to each of the following pretreatment regimes over the course of five ECT sessions in a randomized crossover design: Group D1 (dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg), Group D0.

Clinical, Immunological, and Molecular Findings of Patients with p47 Defect Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) in Indian Families.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a group of inherited disorder of phagocytes, resulting from mutations in the components of the NADPH oxidase complex. Reduced or absent oxygen radical synthesis seen in these patients leads to impaired killing of intracellular bacteria and fungi. CGD clinically presents with recurrent and life-threatening infections as well as granulomatous inflammatory responses.

Interprofessional education and practice in an Indian setting.

With current global healthcare trends, there is a growing need for interprofessional education (IPE) and interprofessional practice (IPP) in collaborative care of persons with chronic medical conditions. Tools and models for IPE and IPP are now available, but they are not yet in widespread use. Developmental-behavioural paediatrics is a medical discipline that is characterized by IPP with an encouraging emergence of this speciality in India and other developing countries.

Superiority of dutasteride over finasteride in hair regrowth and reversal of miniaturization in men with androgenetic alopecia: A randomized controlled open-label, evaluator-blinded study.

Background: Finasteride and dutasteride are inhibitors of the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase which inhibits the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride inhibits both type I and type II 5-alpha-reductase while finasteride inhibits only the type II enzyme. As both isoenzymes are present in hair follicles, it is likely that dutasteride is more effective than finasteride.

Complete sternal cleft - A rare congenital malformation and its repair in a 3-month-old boy: A case report.

Complete midline sternal cleft is a rare congenital anomaly resulting from failed midline ventral fusion of the sternal bars. Very few cases of complete sternal cleft have been described in literature. We present a case of complete sternal cleft in a 3-month-old child.

The role of capsule endoscopy in etiological diagnosis and management of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background/aims: To investigate the various etiologies, yields, and effects of capsule endoscopy (CE) on management and complications, along with follow up of patients with obscure gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.

Methods: The study group of patients included those having obscure, overt, or occult GI bleeding. The findings were categorized as (A) obvious/definitive, (B) equivocal, or (C) negative.

Ectopic Pregnancy in caesarean section scar: A case report.

We report a rare case of ectopic pregnancy occurring in the scar of a previous caesarean section, diagnosed by ultrasonography and confirmed by 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging of pelvis. We present the clinical details and imaging findings, followed by discussion of the etiology, pathogenesis, and imaging of this condition.

Prospective observational study of near-miss obstetric events at two tertiary hospitals in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Objective: To review the incidence and patterns of near-miss obstetric events (defined as "A woman who nearly died but survived a complication that occurred during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy"), as well as studying the classification criteria for near-miss events.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in two tertiary hospitals in Mumbai. Women with near-miss obstetric events were interviewed during the period September 2012-August 2013.

Volume change theory for syringomyelia: A new perspective.

Background: The etiopathogenesis of syringomyelia is still an enigma. The authors present a novel theory based on fluid dynamics at the craniovertebral (CV) junction to explain the genesis of syringomyelia (SM). The changes in volume of spinal canal, spinal cord, central canal and spinal subarachnoid space (SSS) in relation to the posterior fossa have been analysed, specifically during postural movements of flexion and extension.