Can we rely on machine learning algorithms as a trustworthy predictor for recurrence in high-grade glioma? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Early prediction of recurrence in high-grade glioma (HGG) is critical due to its aggressive nature and poor prognosis. Distinguishing true recurrence from treatment-related changes, such as radionecrosis, is a major diagnostic challenge. Machine learning (ML) offers a novel approach, leveraging advanced algorithms to analyze complex imaging data with high precision.

Prediction of facial nerve outcomes after surgery for vestibular schwannoma using machine learning-based models: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Postoperative facial nerve (FN) dysfunction is associated with a significant impact on the quality of life of patients and can result in psychological stress and disorders such as depression and social isolation. Preoperative prediction of FN outcomes can play a critical role in vestibular schwannomas (VSs) patient care. Several studies have developed machine learning (ML)-based models in predicting FN outcomes following resection of VS.

Benzimidazole-phenoxy-1,2,3-triazole-benzyl Derivatives as the New Potent α-glucosidase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Silico Biological Evaluations.

Background: α-Glucosidase inhibitors play an important role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inhibitors of the latter enzyme that are available on the market created gastrointestinal side effects and achieve to a high potent and low side effect potent α-glucosidase inhibitors is a valuable target for medicinal chemists.

Objective: In this study, derivatives of benzimidazole-phenoxy-1,2,3-triazole-benzyl skeleton were introduced as new α-glucosidase inhibitors.

Alzheimer's disease and infectious agents: a comprehensive review of pathogenic mechanisms and microRNA roles.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia and is characterized by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. There are various theories concerning the causes of AD, but the connection between viral and bacterial infections and their potential role in the pathogenesis of AD has become a fascinating area of research for the field. Various viruses such as (HSV-1), (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza viruses, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as well as bacteria such as (CP), (HP), (), Spirochetes and eukaryotic unicellular parasites (e.

Adalimumab-Induced Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Cases Presenting With Malar Rash and Panniculitis.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors are commonly used for management of various autoimmune disorders but can rarely cause isolated cutaneous lupus. This report presents two cases of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE) in women aged 38 and 61 after adalimumab treatment for psoriasis highlighting the importance of recognizing these paradoxical reactions for timely management.

Lactulose Versus Naloxone for Opioid-Induced Constipation in Intensive Care.

Objectives: Constipation caused by opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is prevalent among critically poisoned patients and can result in complications that prolong hospitalization and, in rare cases, cause bowel perforatio This research aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lactulose and naloxone in the treatment of OIC in the intensive care unit for poisoning.

Materials And Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial of patients with opioid poisoning who experienced constipation for 14 months. Patients were divided into two groups: one receiving lactulose (30 cc daily) and the other receiving naloxone (8 mg three times a day).

Leveraging machine learning algorithms to forecast delayed cerebral ischemia following subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 5,115 participants.

It is feasible to predict delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) using Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, which may offer significant improvements in early diagnosis and patient management. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the efficacy of machine learning (ML) in predicting DCI, aiming to integrate complex clinical data to enhance diagnostic accuracy. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, and Embase databases without restrictions until June 2024, applying PRISMA guidelines.

Coagulopathy at admission in traumatic brain injury and its association with hematoma progression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 2411 patients.

Progressive hemorrhagic injury (PHI) is a frequent complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aims to investigate the impact of coagulation factors (platelet [PLT], prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], international normalized ratio , fibrinogen [Fg], D-dimer [Dd], and fibrin [Fib]) at admission and PHI development through a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis based on PRISMA 2020 guideline. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched up to March 2024.

Unveiling Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as hidradenitis suppurativa: A case report and systematic review.

Introduction And Importance: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by the proliferation of abnormal Langerhans cells, often presenting with symptoms that mimic common dermatological conditions such as hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Accurate diagnosis is essential because LCH can affect multiple organ systems and necessitates distinct therapeutic approaches.

Case Presentation: We report a rare case of a 39-year-old male with a 7-year history of diabetes insipidus (DI), who presented with polyuria, polydipsia, and enlarging purulent lesions in the axilla and groin.

Pulmonary Nodules After Leflunomide Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder with both articular and extra-articular manifestations, including rare pulmonary complications. We report a case of a 65-year-old male with long-standing RA who developed multiple cavitary pulmonary nodules following prolonged leflunomide therapy. Diagnostic evaluation excluded infectious, neoplastic, and autoimmune causes.

Encapsulation of AD-MSC- derived extracellular nanovesicles in an electrospun three-layer scaffold: characterization and controlled release analysis.

The combining of therapeutic agents with electrospun nanofibers boosts their regeneration potential; therefore, Researchers have increasingly turned towards the development of electrospun nanofiber scaffolds to encapsulate or surface-adsorb biological payloads, such as cytokines, exosomes, peptides, nucleic acids, and enzymes. Due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, ease of manufacturing, and drug-loading capacity, electrospun nanofibers are hopeful in tissue engineering and scaffold fabrication. Electrospun multilayer scaffolds offer a promising construction for preserving the integrity and bioactivity of therapeutic factors while permitting the controlled and prolonged release of biomolecules into the environment.

Use of STOP-BANG Questionnaire to Predict Postoperative Respiratory Complications after Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder associated with multisystem organ involvement. The STOP-BANG questionnaire is a short and valid questionnaire used to screen OSA. This study aimed to investigate the ability of the STOP-BANG questionnaire to predict postoperative OSA- related respiratory complications in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Comparison between intratympanic injection of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To compare the hearing outcomes of patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss after intratympanic (IT) injection of methylprednisolone and dexamethasone.

Study Design: Randomized case-controlled clinical trial.

Methods: Seventy-five patients diagnosed with idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss were randomly divided into two groups based on therapy.

Sleeve Gastrectomy and Its Impact on Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Health: A Cohort Study.

Background: Obesity is a prevalent metabolic disorder that significantly contributes to insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome. Sleeve gastrectomy has emerged as an effective surgical intervention for obesity, with potential benefits on metabolic health. This study investigates the impact of sleeve gastrectomy on serum insulin levels, IR (HOMA-IR), inflammatory markers, C-peptide, kidney function, and various biochemical parameters in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Diagnostic performance of neural network algorithms in skull fracture detection on CT scans: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aim: The potential intricacy of skull fractures as well as the complexity of underlying anatomy poses diagnostic hurdles for radiologists evaluating computed tomography (CT) scans. The necessity for automated diagnostic tools has been brought to light by the shortage of radiologists and the growing demand for rapid and accurate fracture diagnosis. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are a potential new class of medical imaging technologies that use deep learning (DL) to improve diagnosis accuracy.

Machine learning for predicting poor outcomes in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis involving 8445 participants.

Early prediction of poor outcomes in patients impacted with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is crucial for timely intervention and effective management. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting poor outcomes in patients with aSAH, assessing their sensitivity, specificity, and other algorithm metrics. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of science and Cochrane library conducted to identify eligible studies.

Perirenal Adipose Tissue: Clinical Implication and Therapeutic Interventions.

Perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) has been identified as an important factor in local and general homeostasis of the human body and is especially important in regulating renal and cardiovascular functions. It has also been identified as a crucial risk factor to consider in cardiovascular and renal disorders, malignancies, and various other diseases. Having a concrete idea of the effects of therapeutic interventions on the size and metabolism of the PRAT could prove highly beneficial.

A rare case of recurrent spinal hydatid cyst in a 17-year-old man with neurological deficits and balance impairment.

Background: Hydatid cysts are caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm parasite Echinococcus granulosus, leading to a rare but significant zoonotic infection. This disease is primarily observed in regions with prevalent agricultural and livestock practices. While the liver, lungs, and brain are most affected, spinal involvement is notably rare.

The efficacy and safety of relatlimab/nivolumab combination therapy in patients with advanced melanoma: a systematic review.

Finding a treatment approach with high efficacy and minimal adverse reactions for advanced melanoma is still challenging. This study aimed to review and summarize available evidence regarding the effectiveness of the newly FDA-approved combination therapy of Relatmlimab and Nivolumab in patients with advanced melanoma and its comorbidities. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for studies published in any language till 29/11/2023.

The Comparison Competence Nasolabial and Forehead Flap for Reparation Nasal Tissue Defect of Basal Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Both nasolabial and forehead flaps are utilized for the reparation of nasal soft tissue defects that result from basal cell carcinoma. Utilizing the forehead flap needs twice operation for scar correction and flap base amputation while the nasolabial flap is a more effective one-stage technique.

Material And Methods: This prospective study was performed on patients with BCC involving nasal tip and ala regions based on the results of the initial biopsy and was admitted to the surgery department of the Loghman-Hakim Hospital to resect the lesion.