Incisional choroidal surgery.

The choroid is a thin layer of highly vascular uveal tissue enclosed externally by sclera and internally by neurosensory retinal tissue. The choroid is a "middle layer" ocular tissue with anatomically challenging surgical access. The primary functional role of the choroid is to provide rapid, oxygenated, and nutrient-rich blood flow to both the highly metabolic retinal pigment epithelium and outer retina (i.

The hemodynamic response to nitrite is acute and dependent upon tissue perfusion.

In the vasculature, nitric oxide (NO) is produced in the endothelium by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and is critical for the regulation of blood flow and blood pressure. Blood flow may also be regulated by the formation of nitrite-derived NO catalyzed by hemoproteins under hypoxic conditions. We sought to investigate whether nitrite administration may affect tissue perfusion and systemic hemodynamics in WT and eNOS knockout mice.

The Role of Early Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy in Improving Visual Performance in Mild to Moderately Symptomatic Trifocal Patients.

Purpose: To determine the effect of early Nd:YAG (neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet) laser capsulotomy on objective and subjective visual quality in symptomatic trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) patients.

Methods: A single-center, prospective study examined symptomatic patients after bilateral cataract extraction with trifocal IOL implantation. A ten-question survey was conducted one month after surgery.

The Role of Multifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation in Extreme Axial Myopia: A Case Report and Literature Review.

The prevalence of high myopia is rising globally. In addition to an increased risk of retinal detachment, high myopia is associated with earlier cataract formation. Patients with myopia are also often more motivated to become spectacle-independent after a lens procedure.

Case report: The use of netarsudil to improve corneal edema after laser peripheral iridotomy and Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty.

Purpose: To report a case in which netarsudil ophthalmic solution 0.02% improved refractory corneal edema after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Observations: A 63-year-old female presented with decreased vision due to corneal edema secondary to iatrogenic endothelial cell loss from previous YAG and argon laser peripheral iridotomy.

Recurrent Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Preceded by Anabolic Steroids and High-Dose L-Arginine.

Purpose: To report a case of a 34-year-old male with recurrent herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) preceded by a 6-week cycle of anabolic steroids and high-dose amino acid supplementation. . A 34-year-old man presented to our institution for left eye pain for one week associated with a vesicular rash in the V1 dermatome, respecting the midline.

Impact of posterior vitreous detachment on contrast sensitivity in patients with multifocal intraocular lens.

Purpose: To investigate posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) effects on contrast sensitivity function (CSF) in patients with a multifocal intraocular lens (MfIOL).

Methods: This single-center prospective case-control study analyzed 27 patients with 43 consecutive eyes. Twenty patients with 36 consecutive eyes received MfIOL implantation with either ZLB00 or ZMB00.

A Simple, Novel Approach to Capsulorhexis Formation in the Setting of A Mature Cataract and Miotic Pupil.

Purpose: To report a simple, effective technique for surgeons creating a capsulorhexis in patients with pupillary miosis and a dense, mature cataract.

Methods: A single center, two-year retrospective chart review examined 1408 phacoemulsification cataract surgeries. The criteria for inclusion involved a dense, mature cataract and a pupil that was unresponsive to pharmacologic dilation preoperatively.

Recurrent herpes zoster ophthalmicus in a young, healthy individual taking high doses of l-Arginine.

Purpose: To report a case of a healthy, young male with recurrent herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) and high-dose l-arginine supplementation.

Observations: A 39-year-old man presented to another institution with a HZO involving the right eye. He was treated with oral acyclovir with complete resolution.

A Model to Study Thermal Energy Delivery to the Choroid: A Comparison of Surgical Devices.

Purpose: We measure and compare surgical devices using an ex vivo, temperature-controlled, choroidal incision model during thermal energy transfer with a high-resolution infrared camera.

Methods: Ex vivo porcine choroidal tissue specimens ( = 516) were isolated and placed on a temperature-regulated (37°C) perfusion platform. We tested the pulsed electron avalanche knife (PEAK), micropulse laser (MpL), continuous laser (CL), and bipolar cautery (BpC) at three energy settings (11 [low], 45 [medium], and 134 [high] mJ/mm).

Multimodal imaging of retinal metastasis masquerading as an acute retinal necrosis.

Background: To report the multimodal imaging and histology of a case of metastatic esophageal cancer with vitreoretinal involvement resembling acute retinal necrosis (ARN) in a patient receiving systemic chemotherapy.

Case Presentation: A 69-year-old Japanese man with a history of stage 4 esophageal carcinoma, treated with three cycles of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CDDP) chemotherapy as well as 30 sessions of radiation therapy, presented with new onset of blurry vision in the right eye (OD). Visual acuity was 20/200 OD.

Unilateral Multifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation in a Patient with Adie's Pupil.

Purpose: To report a case of a patient with unilateral Adie's pupil who underwent bilateral cataract extraction with multifocal and monofocal posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methods: A 74-year-old woman presented to our institution complaining of worsening near vision. Gross examination revealed a 6-mm fixed pupil on the right eye (OD) and a 5-mm pupil reacting to 3 mm with light on the left eye (OS).