[Physiological characteristics of subspecies with double mutations of and and its activity against larvae of ].

Objective: To investigate the physiological characteristics of subspecies (Bti) with double mutations of and genes and to assess the activity of Bti against larvae of under different external factors, so as to provide the theoretical evidence for the use of engineered bacteria of Bti for effective mosquito control.

Methods: wild-type strain Bt-59 and Bt-59 strain with mutation [Bt-59 (Δ)] were cultured in nutrient broth media for 24 hours, and Bt-59 strains with mutation [Bt-59 (Δ)] and double mutations of and [Bt-59 (Δ)] were cultured in nutrient broth media for 48 hours. Then, 5 μL of culture media were transferred to glass sides, and cell morphology and mother cell lysis were observed under an optical microscope.

Identification and validation of two quantitative trait loci showing pleiotropic effect on multiple grain-related traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

QKl/Tgw/Gns.yaas-2D associates with KL, TGW, and GNS, and QKl/Tgw.yaas-5A associates with KL and TGW.

Harnessing UAVs and deep learning for accurate grass weed detection in wheat fields: a study on biomass and yield implications.

Weeds are undesired plants competing with crops for light, nutrients, and water, negatively impacting crop growth. Identifying weeds in wheat fields accurately is important for precise pesticide spraying and targeted weed control. Grass weeds in their early growth stages look very similar to wheat seedlings, making them difficult to identify.

Genome architecture of the allotetraploid wild grass Aegilops ventricosa reveals its evolutionary history and contributions to wheat improvement.

The allotetraploid wild grass Aegilops ventricosa (2n = 4x = 28, genome DDNN) has been recognized as an important germplasm resource for wheat improvement owing to its ability to tolerate biotic stresses. In particular, the 2NS segment from Ae. ventricosa, as a stable and effective resistance source, has contributed greatly to wheat improvement.

Two dwarfing genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b show pleiotropic effects on grain protein content in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Five QTL for wheat grain protein content were identified, and the effects of two dwarfing genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b on grain protein content were validated in multiple populations. Grain protein content (GPC) plays an important role in wheat quality. Here, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Yangmai 12 (YM12) and Yanzhan 1 (YZ1) was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GPC.

Metagenomic Analyses Reveal Gut Microbial Profiles of Driven by the Infection of Baculovirus CnmeGV.

The composition of microbiota in the digestive tract gut is essential for insect physiology, homeostasis, and pathogen infection. Little is known about the interactions between microbiota load and oral infection with baculoviruses. CnmeGV is an obligative baculovirus to .

Two QTL regions for spike length showing pleiotropic effects on Fusarium head blight resistance and thousand-grain weight in bread wheat ( L.).

Unlabelled: Spike length (SL) plays an important role in the yield improvement of wheat and is significantly associated with other traits. Here, we used a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Yangmai 12 (YM12) and Yanzhan 1 (YZ1) to construct a genetic linkage map and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SL. A total of 5 QTL were identified for SL, among which and are two novel QTL for SL.

Restoration of energy homeostasis under oxidative stress: Duo synergistic AMPK pathways regulating arginine kinases.

Rapid depletion of cellular ATP can occur by oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Maintaining energy homeostasis requires the key molecular components AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and arginine kinase (AK), an invertebrate orthologue of the mammalian creatine kinase (CK). Here, we deciphered two independent and synergistic pathways of AMPK acting on AK by using the beetle Tribolium castaneum as a model system.

Intercellular Communication during Stomatal Development with a Focus on the Role of Symplastic Connection.

Stomata are microscopic pores on the plant epidermis that serve as a major passage for the gas and water exchange between a plant and the atmosphere. The formation of stomata requires a series of cell division and cell-fate transitions and some key regulators including transcription factors and peptides. Monocots have different stomatal patterning and a specific subsidiary cell formation process compared with dicots.

Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments, Environment and Varieties on the Yield-, Grain-, Flour-, and Dough-Related Traits and Cookie Quality of Weak-Gluten Wheat.

Weak-gluten wheat is the main raw material for crisp and soft foods such as cookies, cakes, and steamed breads in China. However, it remains challenging to find an appropriate fertilization regime to balance the yield and quality of wheat for special uses (such as cookie making). Here, four nitrogen (N) fertilizer treatments were compared in terms of effects on the yield-, grain-, flour-, and dough-related traits and cookie quality of nine weak-gluten wheat varieties.

Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for Type II Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Two Wheat Recombinant Inbred Line Populations Derived from Yangmai 4 and Yangmai 5.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive wheat disease worldwide and significantly affects grain yield and quality in wheat. To understand the genetic basis underlying type II FHB resistance in two elite wheat cultivars-Yangmai 4 (YM4) and Yangmai 5 (YM5)-quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was conducted in two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from the crosses of YM4 and YM5 with susceptible cultivar Yanzhan 1 (YZ1), respectively. A survey with markers linked to , , , and in landrace Wangshuibai indicated the nonexistence of these known FHB resistance genes or QTL in YM4, YM5, and YZ1.

The Gut Microbiota Composition of and Their Predicted Contribution to Larval Nutrition.

Intestinal bacterial flora plays an important role in the nutrition, physiology, and behavior of herbivorous insects. The composition of gut microbiota may also be affected by the food consumed. is an oligophagous pest, feeds on rice leaves almost exclusively and causes serious damage to rice in Asian countries.

Characterization of a novel family in insect genomes: insights into classification, evolution and horizontal transfer.

Background: play an important role in shaping eukaryotic genomes due to their ability to transfer horizontally between distantly related species and capture gene fragments during the transposition. However, the mechanisms of horizontal transfer (HT) and the process of gene fragment capturing of still remain to be further clarified.

Results: Here, we characterized a novel family discontinuously distributed in 27 out of 256 insect genomes.

[Population structure and seasonal dynamics of mosquitoes in different types of residential areas].

Objective: To investigate the effect of the type of neighborhoods on the population structure and dynamics of mosquitoes.

Methods: The adult population dynamics and larvae breeding of mosquitoes in four different types of neighborhoods were investigated in Yangzhou City.

Results: The number of trapped mosquitoes was the largest in the urban villages, and more than 800 adult mosquitoes were trapped in each urban village, which was significantly higher than that of ordinary and high quality residences.

Lack of cross-resistance between neonicotinoids and sulfoxaflor in field strains of Q-biotype of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, from eastern China.

Control of Bemisia tabaci has depended primarily and heavily on insecticides, especially neonicotinoids. The novel sulfoximine insecticide sulfoxaflor exhibits high potency against a broad range of sap-feeding insect species, including those resistant to neonicotinoids. The resistance levels of Q-biotype B.

Sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on development, reproduction and vitellogenin gene (CsVg) expression in the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis.

Background: The rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is one of the most damaging rice pests in the world. The sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on development,reproduction and mRNA expression levels of vitellogenin gene (CsVg) in C. suppressalis were investigated.

Genome of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Granulovirus, the First Crambidae-Infecting Betabaculovirus Isolated from Rice Leaffolder to Sequenced.

Cnaphalocrocis medinalis is a major pest of rice in South and South-East Asia. Insecticides are the major means farmers use for management. A naturally occurring baculovirus, C.

Synergistic Effect of Combining Plutella xylostella Granulovirus and Bacillus thuringiensis at Sublethal Dosages on Controlling of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).

Plutella xylostella granulovirus (PxGV) and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are both entomo-pathogens to the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). The purpose of the present study was to measure the effect of the combination of PxGV and Bt at sublethal dosages on the development and mortality of diamondback moth in a laboratory setting.