Mathematical model of oxygen minimum zones in the vertical distribution of oxygen in the ocean.

Processes determining the amount and spatial distribution of dissolved oxygen in the ocean have been a focus of intense research over the last two decades. Anomalies known as Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs) have been attracting growing attention, in particular because their growth is believed to be a result of the global environmental change. Comprehensive understanding of factors contributing to and/or controlling the emergence and evolution of OMZs is still lacking though.

Functional response metrics explain and predict high but differing ecological impacts of juvenile and adult lionfish.

Recent accumulation of evidence across taxa indicates that the ecological impacts of invasive alien species are predictable from their functional response (FR; e.g. the maximum feeding rate) and functional response ratio (FRR; the FR attack rate divided by handling time).

The application of antimicrobial stewardship knowledge to nursing practice: A national survey of United Kingdom pre-registration nursing students.

Aim: To assess student nurses understanding and skills in the application of antimicrobial stewardship knowledge to practice.

Design: Quantitative.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey.

Electron paramagnetic resonance as a tool to determine the sodium charge storage mechanism of hard carbon.

Hard carbon is a promising negative electrode material for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries due to the ready availability of their precursors and high reversible charge storage. The reaction mechanisms that drive the sodiation properties in hard carbons and subsequent electrochemical performance are strictly linked to the characteristic slope and plateau regions observed in the voltage profile of these materials. This work shows that electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a powerful and fast diagnostic tool to predict the extent of the charge stored in the slope and plateau regions during galvanostatic tests in hard carbon materials.

Domestic Violence Against Women in Nepal: A Systematic Review of Risk Factors.

A systematic review was conducted to examine the factors that put women at risk of domestic violence in Nepal. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), PubMed, Cochrane, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched supplemented by searching of the reference list manually. Of the 143 studies identified 24 were included in the final review.

Exploring the Xylariaceae and its relatives.

The Xylariaceae and its relatives rank as one of the best-known members of the Ascomycota. They are now well recognized for their diversity, global distribution, ecological activities and their outstanding novel metabolites with wide ranging bioactivity.

'Creating a culturally competent pharmacy profession': A qualitative exploration of pharmacy staff perspectives of cultural competence and its training in community pharmacy settings.

Introduction: Cultural competence is an important attribute underpinning interactions between healthcare professionals, such as pharmacists, and patients from ethnic minority communities. Health- and medicines-related inequalities affecting people from underrepresented ethnic groups, such as poorer access to healthcare services and poorer overall treatment outcomes in comparison to their White counterparts, have been widely discussed in the literature. Community pharmacies are the first port of call for healthcare services accessed by diverse patient populations; yet, limited research exists which explores the perceptions of culturally competent care within the profession, or the delivery of cultural competence training to community pharmacy staff.

Crystal structure of Trypanosoma cruzi heme peroxidase and characterization of its substrate specificity and compound I intermediate.

The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of American trypanosomiasis, otherwise known as Chagas disease. To survive in the host, the T. cruzi parasite needs antioxidant defense systems.

Visualizing community networks to recruit South Asian participants for interviews about bowel cancer screening.

Background: South Asians make up the largest ethnic minority group in England and Wales. Yet this group is underrepresented in some programmes to promote health, such as cancer screening. A challenge to addressing such health disparities is the difficulty of recruiting South Asian communities to health research.

Delivery of antimicrobial stewardship competencies in UK pre-registration nurse education programmes: a national cross-sectional survey.

Background: Registered nurses perform numerous functions critical to the success of antimicrobial stewardship, but only 63% of pre-registration nursing programmes include any teaching about stewardship. Updated nursing standards indicate that nurses require antimicrobial stewardship knowledge and skills.

Aim: To explore the delivery of key antimicrobial stewardship competencies within updated pre-registration nursing programmes.

Twelve New Taxa of Associated with Termite Nests and Soil from Northeast Thailand.

The diversity of species associated with termite nests in northeast Thailand was investigated. Among the 14 taxa included in this study, 11 species and one variety were described as new, and another two species resemble the existing taxa, and . The newly described taxa are , , , , , , var.

A grounded theory study: Exploring health care professionals decision making when managing end stage heart failure care.

Aim: To explore how healthcare professionals in an acute medical setting make decisions when managing the care of patients diagnosed with end stage heart failure, and how these decisions impact directly on the patient's end of life experience.

Design: A constructivist grounded theory approach was adopted.

Method: A purposive sample was used to recruit participants that included 16 registered nurses, 15 doctors and 16 patients.

Bezafibrate activation of PPAR drives disturbances in mitochondrial redox bioenergetics and decreases the viability of cells from patients with VLCAD deficiency.

Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency is the most common inborn long-chain fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorder. VLCAD deficiency is characterized by distinct phenotypes. The severe phenotypes are potentially life-threatening and affect the heart or liver, with a comparatively milder phenotype characterized by myopathic symptoms.

Potential Cardio-Protective Agents: A Resveratrol Review (2000-2019).

With a 2030 projection of 23.6 million deaths per year, the prevalence and severity of cardiovascular disease are astoundingly high. Thus, there is a definitive need for the identification of novel compounds with the potential to prevent or treat the disease and associated states.

Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Lysosomal Storage Disorders: A Review.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is emerging as an important contributory factor to the pathophysiology of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). The cause of mitochondrial dysfunction in LSDs appears to be multifactorial, although impaired mitophagy and oxidative stress appear to be common inhibitory mechanisms shared amongst these heterogeneous disorders. Once impaired, dysfunctional mitochondria may impact upon the function of the lysosome by the generation of reactive oxygen species as well as depriving the lysosome of ATP which is required by the V-ATPase proton pump to maintain the acidity of the lumen.

The Effect of Cellular Coenzyme Q Deficiency on Lysosomal Acidification.

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiency currently represents the only treatable mitochondrial disorder, however, little is known about how it may affect other organelles. The lysosome has been found to have a large concentration of CoQ localised at its membrane; additionally, it has been suggested that it plays a role in the normal acidification of the lysosomal lumen. As a result, in this study we assessed the effect of CoQ deficiency on lysosomal acidification.

Utilization of oil palm decanter cake for valuable laccase and manganese peroxidase enzyme production from a novel white-rot fungus, sp. PP17-33.

Oil palm decanter cake (OPDC) in the current study was converted to valuable products as laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) by an undescribed strain of the white-rot fungus, sp. PP17-33. The optimization to enhance the production of enzymes through solid-state fermentation was performed using Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology.

Potential of Natural Biomaterials in Nano-scale Drug Delivery.

Background: The usage of natural biomaterials or naturally derived materials intended for interface with biological systems has steadily increased in response to the high demand of amenable materials, which are suitable for purpose, biocompatible and biodegradable. There are many naturally derived polymers which overlap in terms of purpose as biomaterials but are equally diverse in their applications.

Methods: This review examines the applications of the following naturally derived polymers; hyaluronic acid, silk fibroin, chitosan, collagen and tamarind polysaccharide (TSP); further focusing on the biomedical applications of each as well as emphasising on individual novel applications.

Magnitude and variability of gait characteristics when walking on an irregular surface at different speeds.

Different modes of perturbations have been used to understand how individuals negotiate irregular surfaces, with a general notion that increased locomotion variability induces a positive training stimulus. Individuals tend to walk slower when initially exposed to such locomotion tasks, potentially influencing the magnitude and variability of biomechanical parameters. This study investigated theeffects of gait speed on lower extremity biomechanics when walking on an irregular (IS) and regular surface (RS).