Causal associations of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs), which include gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE), are the primary causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies have found a correlation between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and HDPs, but the causality of this association remains to be identified. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the causal relationship between MASLD and HDPs through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Barriers and facilitators for preventing mother-to-child transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi and hepatitis B in the Gran Chaco region: a qualitative analysis using the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR).

Background: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of Trypanosoma cruzi and hepatitis B virus (HBV) increases morbidity and disability in Latin America and the Caribbean. The tailormade comprehensive antenatal care based on the Framework for the elimination of MTCT of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and Chagas disease (EMTCT Plus) has been implemented in the region since 2018 through a private-public partnership. This study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of the intervention in preparing MTCT of T.

Pneumonia Vaccines: Indications for Use and Current Safety Data in Pregnancy.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and invasive pneumococcal disease among adults in the United States, with higher rates of disease occurring among individuals with chronic medical and immunocompromising conditions. Pregnant individuals, especially those with co-morbid conditions, are also at increased risk of infection due to S. pneumoniae due to physiologic and immunologic changes in pregnancy.

Mildly Elevated Liver Transaminase Levels: Causes and Evaluation.

Approximately 10% to 20% of the general population has elevated liver chemistry levels, including aspartate and alanine transaminases. Elevated transaminase levels may be associated with significant underlying liver disease and increased risk of liver-related and all-cause mortality. The most common causes of mildly elevated transaminase levels (two to five times the upper limit of normal) are metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and alcoholic liver disease.

Protektem pikinini blong yu trial: protocol for a single arm field trial to assess the effectiveness of treating-all pregnant women with hepatitis B infection with tenofovir prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child transmission in Vanuatu, 2024-2025.

Background: Hepatitis B infection is a major public health concern in Vanuatu, with approximately 9% of the general population estimated to be living with chronic hepatitis B. Most new infections are due to mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Hepatitis B vaccination is available in Vanuatu, but coverage rates for first dose within 24 h of birth and third dose are suboptimal.

Pregnancy complications associated with maternal near-miss in an undeveloped province in south-central China, 2012-2022.

Objective: To explore the relationship between pregnancy complications and maternal near-miss (MNM).

Methods: Data were obtained from the Maternal Near-Miss Surveillance System in Hunan Province, China, 2012-2022. The MNM ratio refers to the number of MNM per 1000 live births, and maternal mortality refers to the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.

Phyllanthus niruri L. Administration during pregnancy and breastfeeding: Maternal evaluation and effects on initial development and adult behavior of male rat offspring.

The leaves of Phyllanthus niruri L. are used in folk medicine in many countries to treat various diseases. However, despite the enormous therapeutic potential, use of the plant is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Concerns on the mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus reported in Ethiopia.

Introduction: Taye and colleagues reported that the rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was as high as 20.7% in Ethiopia based on their meta-analysis of three studies [1]. However, numerous studies demonstrate that the overall rate of MTCT is below 5% after timely neonatal administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine after birth.

[Evaluation of hepatitis B vaccination in newborns at high risk of infection by vertical transmission].

Objective: Hepatitis B (HB) is a preventable disease and a public health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted within the framework of the World Health Organization's strategy, which includes establishing prophylactic measures to prevent vertical transmission. The aim was to assess the degree of implementation of HB preventive measures to avoid vertical transmission in newborns in Spain.

Prolonged magnesium sulfate infusion as adjuvant analgesia in postoperative transplant patients in the pediatric ICU: Preliminary results of a feasibility study.

The opioid crisis has emphasized identification of opioid-sparing analgesics. This study was designed as a prospective trial with retrospective control group to determine feasibility for implementing a high-dose prolonged magnesium sulfate infusion for adjuvant analgesia in the pediatric intensive care unit. Approval was granted for study of children receiving total pancreatectomy with islet cell autotransplantation and liver transplantation ages 3-18 years.

Ultrastructural organization of the liver of rat pups in early postnatal ontogenesis when pregnant and lactating rats are kept on a low-protein diet.

Protein deficiency in the diet during pregnancy and lactation has a serious impact on the offspring by programming a predisposition to such serious diseases as hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In our study, we examined liver ultrastructure of rat pups at ages 2, 21, and 40 days with maternal protein deficiency. Body weight of the pups progressively lagged behind the control throughout the experiment, and the timing of eye opening indicated a slowdown of development.

Factors associated with preterm birth and mother-to-child transmission in HIV-positive pregnant women in Henan, China, 2016-2022: a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: HIV can greatly impact the quality of life of pregnant women and may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth (PB) and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). The purpose of this study was to analyse the influencing factors of PB and MTCT in HIV-positive pregnant women.

Methods: HIV-positive pregnant women in Henan Province between January 2016 and December 2022 were selected for the study.

Microchimerism: The mystery of multiple DNA and its implications in forensic sciences.

Microchimerism (MC) refers to the presence of small amounts of foreign cells or DNA in the tissues or circulation of an individual. It generally occurs through mother-fetus interaction, twin pregnancies, and intergenerational transmission. MC is influenced by genetic and environmental factors such as toxic conditions, immunological suppression, and various diseases (influenza, COVID-19, etc.

Impact of metabolism-disrupting chemicals and folic acid supplementation on liver injury and steatosis in mother-child pairs.

Background And Aims: Scarce knowledge about the impact of metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) on steatotic liver disease limits opportunities for intervention. We evaluated pregnancy MDC-mixture associations with liver outcomes, and effect modification by folic acid (FA) supplementation in mother-child pairs.

Methods: We studied ∼200 mother-child pairs from the Mexican PROGRESS cohort, with measured 43 MDCs during pregnancy (estimated air pollutants, blood/urine metals or metalloids, urine high- and low-molecular-weight phthalate [HMWPs, LMWPs] and organophosphate-pesticide [OP] metabolites), and serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST) at ∼9 years post-parturition.

Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy: Incidence and Clinical Evolution in Toluca, Mexico.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and evolution of patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) over a period of 18 years in the city of Toluca, Mexico.

Methods: This was a descriptive and retrospective study of eighteen years. All women with AFLP confirmed by biopsy were included and the incidence, laboratory test values and complications were registered.

Gestational hypercholanemia suppresses pregnancy-associated adipose mass increase and stimulates a pro-inflammatory environment in mice.

Women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) have hypercholanemia alongside an increased risk of dyslipidemia. We investigated how cholic acid (CA) supplementation in murine pregnancy impacts adipose tissue function. Mice were fed normal or 0.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Northern Ethiopia.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most common health problems worldwide and is associated with high mortality and heavy economic burdens. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Adigrat General Hospital in Northern Ethiopia.

Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2024 among 385 pregnant women.

Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury leads to hypertension, reduced kidney function and cognitive impairment in postpartum rats.

Introduction: Women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy such as HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme, low platelet) Syndrome are affected by acute kidney injury during pregnancy (PR-AKI) at higher rates than women without hypertension. Both hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) outside the context of pregnancy have been associated with an increased risk of developing Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and cognitive impairment. In our current study, we set out to determine if PR-AKI led to the development of CKD and impaired cognition in the postpartum period and if HELLP syndrome exacerbates the impairments.

The feasibility and impact of deploying a four-tests panel at antenatal care in primary health care facilities of a developing country, Kenya.

Introduction: Contracting HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and malaria during pregnancy significantly affects the health of the woman, the pregnancy, and the unborn child. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends testing pregnant women for these infections to achieve triple elimination of mother-to-child transmissions. However, this goal has not been fully realized in low- to medium-income countries, primarily due to segmented testing practices.

46,XY disorders of sex development and muscular dystrophy caused by Xp21 duplication: a case report and literature review.

Background: The development of the testes is a tightly regulated process, requiring the coordination of multiple genes. Mutations in these genes can result in 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis. , located at Xp21, is a gene expressed in the developing adrenals, gonads, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland.

Novel Multimode Assay Based on Asymmetrically Competitive CRISPR and Raman Barcode Spectra for Multiple Hepatocellular Carcinoma Biomarkers Detection.

Commercial pregnancy test strips (PTS) possess the advantages of lower price, higher stability, and better repeatability and have been popularized to integrate with novel sensing strategies to detect other disease biomarkers, which accelerates the commercialization process of those novel sensing strategies. However, the current integration of novel sensing strategies into commercial PTS still faced the problems of insufficient quantification, low sensitivity, and lack of multiple detection capabilities. Hence, we proposed the concept of "visual classification recognition, spectral signal subdivision" for multiple hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers (miRNA122 and miRNA233) detection with dual signals based on asymmetric competitive CRISPR (acCRISPR) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy coupling with PTS, named the acCRISPR-PTS-SERS assay.

Updated Recommendation for Universal Hepatitis B Vaccination in Adults Aged 19-59 Years - United States, 2024.

Hepatitis B (HepB) vaccines have demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy during the past 4 decades (1,2). The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends universal HepB vaccination for adults aged 19-59 years, including pregnant persons, and adults aged ≥60 years with risk factors for hepatitis B. Adults aged ≥60 years without known risk factors for hepatitis B may also receive HepB vaccines (2).

Determinants of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women in southwestern Nigeria.

Introduction: hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and a common cause of liver disease globally. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HBV after the age of viability.

Methods: the study was a cross-sectional study that involved 543 eligible consenting pregnant women and newborns of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive mothers.