The Effect of Omeprazole on Urinary Magnesium Excretion in Children with Peptic Diseases.

Objective: This study investigates the impact of omeprazole on urinary magnesium (Mg) excretion in children undergoing treatment for peptic disease. Specifically, it examines how omeprazole influences the fractional excretion of Mg.

Methods: This single-arm clinical trial was conducted from 2020 to 2021.

Association of diet quality scores with risk of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in Iranian population: a nested case-control study.

Background And Aim: A healthy diet has been recommended for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aim to investigate the associations of diet quality indices with the risk of developingmetabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).

Methods: We conducted this nested case-control study by recruiting 968 cases with MAFLD and 964 controls from the participants of the baseline phase of the Sabzevar Persian Cohort Study (SPCS).

Cordycepin alleviates metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis and reducing oxidative stress via Parkin-mediated mitophagy.

The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) keeps rising with only a few drugs available. The present study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of cordycepin on MASLD. Male C57BL/6 mice were induced with a 90-day high-fat diet (HFD) and intraperitoneal administration with streptozotocin to establish MASLD murine model.

Age of menarche and final height in patients with permanent congenital hypothyroidism.

Purpose: We compared the age at menarche and standard deviation score (SDS) of final height (FH) in permanent congenital hypothyroidism (CH) patients with those of healthy female adolescents and assessed their associations with CH screening-related variables or demographic factors.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 207 female CH patients and 598 healthy age-matched female adolescents. Ages at puberty onset and menarche, height at puberty and menarche, and the FH and its SDS were evaluated in the 2 groups and compared.

Comprehensive Iranian guidelines for the diagnosis and management of maple syrup urine disease: an evidence- and consensus- based approach.

Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) disease is a defect in the function of the Branched-chain 2-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDH). It is caused by pathogenic biallelic variants in BCKDHA, BCKA decarboxylase, or dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. The brain is the major organ involved in MSUD.

Personalized treatment approaches in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Personalized medicine is an emerging field that provides novel approaches to disease's early diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and prognosis based on the patient's criteria in gene expression, environmental factors, lifestyle, and diet. To date, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant global health burden, with an increasing incidence and significant death rates, despite advancements in surveillance, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches. The majority of HCC lesions develop in patients with liver cirrhosis, carrying the risks of mortality associated with both the tumor burden and the cirrhosis.

A multiplex method for rapidly identifying viral protease inhibitors.

With current treatments addressing only a fraction of pathogens and new viral threats constantly evolving, there is a critical need to expand our existing therapeutic arsenal. To speed the rate of discovery and better prepare against future threats, we establish a high-throughput platform capable of screening compounds against 40 diverse viral proteases simultaneously. This multiplex approach is enabled by using cellular biosensors of viral protease activity combined with DNA-barcoding technology, as well as several design innovations that increase assay sensitivity and correct for plate-to-plate variation.

Drug Extravasation in a Tertiary Referral Children Hospital: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Extravasation injuries are prevalent in pediatric hospitals and often result in tissue damage and extended hospital stays. However, limited data exist regarding risk factors for extravasation in children. This study aimed to identify these risk factors in pediatric patients receiving intravenous (IV) therapy.

Genetic Variation in MiRNA Processing Machinery Genes and Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer in the Iranian Population.

Background: We aimed to elucidate the potential correlation between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA machinery genes and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in an Iranian cohort.

Methods: We conducted a robust case-control study involving 507 participants, which included 213 patients diagnosed with CRC and 294 healthy controls at Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases in Tehran Province, Iran in 2018. The study focused on genotyping four specific SNPs, (rs14035), (rs197412), (rs2740348), and (rs3742330), using advanced ARMS-PCR and Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR techniques.

Global, regional, and national burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Background: The global burden of metabolic diseases is increasing, but estimates of their impact on primary liver cancer are uncertain. We aimed to assess the global burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risk factors, including high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, between 1990 and 2021.

Methods: The total number and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from primary liver cancer attributable to each metabolic risk factor were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

ERCPMP: an endoscopic image and video dataset for colorectal polyps morphology and pathology.

This dataset contains demographic, morphological and pathological data, endoscopic images and videos of 191 patients with colorectal polyps. Morphological data is included based on the latest international gastroenterology classification references such as Paris, Pit and JNET classification. Pathological data includes the diagnosis of the polyps including Tubular, Villous, Tubulovillous, Hyperplastic, Serrated, Inflammatory and Adenocarcinoma with Dysplasia Grade & Differentiation.

Fasting mimicking diet during neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial study.

Objective: Preclinical evidences suggests that while fasting can reduce the side effects and toxicity of chemotherapy, it can make cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapy. This study aimed to examine the effects of fasting mimicking diet (FMD) during neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer (BC) patients.

Methods: Forty-four newly diagnosed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-negative) patients with BC were randomized equally into two groups (22 each), to receive either a fasting mimicking diet (FMD) or their regular diet for 3 days prior to and during neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Complicated iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome induced by topical clobetasol propionate in a child with psoriasis: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Long-term use of oral or parenteral corticosteroids is the most common cause of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression and iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome. Still, iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome occurs rarely following the administration of topical corticosteroids.

Case Presentation: This case study discusses the misuse of a high-potency corticosteroid cream by an Iranian 5-year-old male with plaque-form psoriasis, resulting in Cushingoid symptoms including moon face, buffalo hump, red striae, and weight gain.

Hybrid Deep Learning and Machine Learning for Detecting Hepatocyte Ballooning in Liver Ultrasound Images.

Background: Hepatocyte ballooning (HB) is a significant histological characteristic linked to the advancement of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although clinicians now consider liver biopsy the most reliable method for identifying HB, its invasive nature and related dangers highlight the need for the development of non-invasive diagnostic options.

Objective: This study aims to develop a novel methodology that combines deep learning and machine learning techniques to accurately identify and measure hepatobiliary abnormalities in liver ultrasound images.

Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Serum Levels of Inflammatory Mediators: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Randomized Clinical Trials.

Chromium has been recognized for its beneficial effects on inflammation reduction; therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to find the effect of chromium supplementation on serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in subjects aged 18 years and older. Related articles were identified by searching databases such as the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed up until Agust 2024.

Erratum: Burden of disease attributable to high body mass index: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.

Long-Lasting Exendin-4-Coated Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis and In Vivo Evaluation of Hypoglycemic Activity.

Background: Gold nanoparticles (NPs) have drawn great attention in the area of biomedical research with their relatively safe and versatile properties. This study aimed to synthesize long-lasting exendin-4-coated gold NPs (EX-ABD-AFF-GoldNPs) and evaluate their anti-diabetic effects in vivo.

Methods: In the present study, EX-ABD-AFF-GoldNPs were synthesized using a simple one-step aqueous reduction method.

Evaluating pelvic floor muscle activity in chronic functional constipation: A transabdominal ultrasound study.

Introduction: Chronic functional constipation (CFC) is one of the most challenging types of constipation which negatively influences patients' quality of life. Recently, investigators mentioned pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) as an influential factor in the symptoms of patients with CFC, while its underlying mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the PFMs function in people with and without CFC using transabdominal ultrasound.

Global burden of disease attributable to metabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults aged 15-39, 1990-2021.

Background: Metabolic risk factors are a significant cause of global burden among adolescents and young adults, but there is a lack of attention to the burden attributable to these metabolic risk factors globally.

Aims: This study aims to provide comprehensive estimates of five important metabolic risk factors and the attributable disease burden in people aged 15-39 years from 1990 to 2021, based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database.

Methods: Global total deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used to describe the burden attributable to five common metabolic risk factors, including high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high body mass index (BMI), and kidney dysfunction, in adolescents and young adults.

Estrogen: the forgotten player in metaflammation.

Metaflammation is low-grade inflammation triggered by chronic metabolic imbalance and caused by dysregulated metabolites in metabolic inflammatory syndrome (MIS), which includes four diseases: obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis (AS), and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD, recently proposed to be replaced by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, MASLD). These diseases exhibit apparent sex dimorphism as regards MIS. Estrogen not only plays a crucial role in gender differences in adults but also possesses an anti-inflammatory effect on many metabolic diseases.

Spatiotemporal dynamics during niche remodeling by super-colonizing microbiota in the mammalian gut.

While fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been shown to be effective in reversing gut dysbiosis, we lack an understanding of the fundamental processes underlying microbial engraftment in the mammalian gut. Here, we explored a murine gut colonization model leveraging natural inter-individual variations in gut microbiomes to elucidate the spatiotemporal dynamics of FMT. We identified a natural "super-donor" consortium that robustly engrafts into diverse recipients and resists reciprocal colonization.

Investigation of cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: The current study aims to assess cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) among diabetic versus nondiabetic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. NAFLD is the most common hepatic disorder worldwide which is directly associated with diverse CVRFs such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MS).

Materials And Methods: The current cross-sectional population-based study has been conducted on 1031 NAFLD patients.