Slow off responses in the rat superior colliculus neurons may contribute to the predator detection.

A slowly moving dark spot imitating the shadow of a hovering bird of prey has been shown to induce freezing in rodents. Such visually triggered behaviours are usually initiated in the superior colliculus (SC); therefore, it is likely that such slowly moving dark spots can produce responses in SC neurons. In SC, two types of visual responses are typically distinguished: ON responses are produced by an increase in image brightness, and OFF responses are produced by a decrease in image brightness.

International consensus statement on microbiome testing in clinical practice.

There is growing interest in the potential exploitation of the gut microbiome as a diagnostic tool in medicine, but evidence supporting its clinical usefulness is scarce. An increasing number of commercial providers offer direct-to-consumer microbiome diagnostic tests without any consensus on their regulation or any proven value in clinical practice, which could result in considerable waste of individual and health-care resources and potential drawbacks in the clinical management of patients. We convened an international multidisciplinary expert panel to standardise best practices of microbiome testing for clinical implementation, including recommendations on general principles and minimum requirements for their provision, indications, pre-testing protocols, method of analyses, reporting of results, and potential clinical value.

How high can trumpet moths occur: documentation of mountainous leaf-mining Tischeriidae, featuring a species from record-high elevations.

This publication describes four new high-altitude species of Tischeriidae, all within the genus Astrotischeria Puplesis & Diškus: A. peruanica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.

Description of two new species of the genus Dollmania (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae).

Two new species of the genus Dollmania Tams, 1930 are described: Dollmania lola sp. n. from Ivory Coast and Dollmania reggie sp.

Impact of intensive versus nonintensive antithrombotic treatment on device-related thrombus after left atrial appendage closure.

Introduction And Objectives: The optimal antithrombotic therapy (AT) after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is debated. We assessed the impact of intensive vs nonintensive AT on the incidence of device-related thrombus (DRT) based on whether the device implantation was classified as optimal or suboptimal.

Methods: This study included patients who underwent successful LAAC in 9 centers.

Characteristics of the pregnancy and labour course in women who underwent COVID-19 during pregnancy.

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy and labor, focusing on its effects on maternal and child health. The research explores the relationships between coronavirus infection and clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as the risks of pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes.

Methods: The study involved 60 pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19.

DE-PASS Best Evidence Statement (BESt): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Effectiveness of Trials on Device-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour and Their Determinants in Children Aged 5-12 Years.

Background: To combat the high prevalence of physical inactivity among children, there is an urgent need to develop and implement real-world interventions and policies that promote physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary behaviour (SB). To inform policy makers, the current body of evidence for children's PA/SB interventions needs to be translated.

Objectives: The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify modifiable determinants of device-measured PA and SB targeted in available intervention studies with randomized controlled trial (RCT) and controlled trial (CT) designs in children and early adolescents (5-12 years) and to quantify the effects of the interventions within their respective settings on the determinants of PA/SB and the outcomes PA and SB.

Comparative analysis of adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines in adolescents: Objective versus subjective measures.

Background And Aims: Previous studies have investigated the concordance between objective and subjective measures for assessing physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep duration separately. However, no studies have compared adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines using both objective and subjective measures in adolescents. The aim of this study was to compare adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines using both objective and subjective measures.

Haplotype diversity and phylogeny within Alternaria alternata and A. arborescens species complexes from tomatoes.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an economically important vegetable susceptible to various fungal diseases, including leaf spot caused by Alternaria spp. from the section Alternaria.

Endoscopic papillectomy versus surgical ampullectomy for adenomas and early cancers of the papilla: a retrospective Pancreas2000/European Pancreatic Club analysis.

Objective: Ampullary neoplastic lesions can be resected by endoscopic papillectomy (EP) or transduodenal surgical ampullectomy (TSA) while pancreaticoduodenectomy is reserved for more advanced lesions. We present the largest retrospective comparative study analysing EP and TSA.

Design: Of all patients in the database, lesions with prior interventions, benign histology advanced malignancy (T2 and more), patients with hereditary syndromes and those undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy were excluded.

Rooting for Success: The Role of Microorganisms in Promoting Growth and Resilience in Black Alder Seedlings.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a global environmental risk, impacting human health. Enhancing phytoremediation with microbial-plant interactions could help mitigate these pollutants. However, tree responses to PAHs are unclear, necessitating controlled studies before field experiments.

Correction: Perylene-derivative singlet exciton fission in water solution.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D4SC04732J.].

Multiple criteria and statistical sentiment analysis on flooding.

The World Bank lists flooding as one of the main pressures on a community. Flooding can affect development prospects and potentially reverse decades of progress in the alleviation of poverty and in development. Flooding-related information usually involves many stakeholders, objects, and significant details.

A method to map land use impacts on microclimate regulation supply in urban environments.

Land use impacts land surface temperature (LST), especially in urban areas where anthropogenic materials have a high capacity to store energy. Nevertheless, cities have many other land uses (e.g.

Populations of Latvia and Lithuania in the context of some Indo-European and non-Indo-European speaking populations of Europe and India: insights from genetic structure analysis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among Lithuanian, Latvian, Indian, and some other populations through a genome-wide data analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Limited data of Baltic populations were mostly compared with geographically closer modern and ancient populations in the past, but no previous investigation has explored their genetic relationships with distant populations, like the ones of India, in detail. To address this, we collected and merged genome-wide SNP data from diverse publicly available sources to create a comprehensive dataset with a substantial sample size especially from Lithuanians and Latvians.

Mode-cleaning in antisymmetrically modulated non-Hermitian waveguides.

We demonstrate all-optical spatial mode-cleaning in non-Hermitian waveguides. The effect is accounted by a unidirectional coupling among the modes resulting from a simultaneous modulation of the refractive index and the gain/loss along graded index multimodal waveguides. Depending on the spatial delay between the real and imaginary part of the potential modulation, higher or lower order modes are favored, which in latter case eventually leads to an nearly-monomode propagation.

Dataset on soil nematode abundance and composition from invaded and non-invaded grassland and forest ecosystems in Europe.

The dataset presents comprehensive information on soil nematode genera distribution in ecosystems across Slovakia, Poland, Lithuania, and Russia. Data were collected from invaded plots by invasive plants and non-invaded plots from grasslands, deciduous forests, and coniferous forest ecosystems in diverse geographical regions. Invasive plant species included in this dataset are and The soil properties such as pH, moisture content, carbon, and nitrogen levels were recorded, providing comprehensive information on soil conditions.

The microplastic-crisis: Role of bacteria in fighting microplastic-effects in the digestive system.

Plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, referred to as Microplastics, pose health risks, like metabolic, immunological, neurological, reproductive, and carcinogenic effects, after being ingested. Smaller plastic particles are more likely to be absorbed by human cells, with nanoplastics showing higher potential for cellular damage, including DNA fragmentation and altered protein functions. Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) affect the gastrointestinal tract by altering the microbial composition, they could influence digestive enzymes, and possibly disrupt mucus layers.

The impact of DNA point mutations and epigenetic modifications on the nucleosome wrapping energy.

Nucleosome positioning and mobility, which plays an important role in gene expression and regulation, is in turn modulated by DNA sequence and its underlying mechanical properties. The free energy, required to deform a 147 bp linear DNA fragment into a nucleosomal configuration, is a way to quantify DNA mechanical propensity for nucleosome formation. This work explores how such energy, referred to as the nucleosome wrapping energy, is altered by DNA sequence mutations and epigenetic modifications.