Landscape influences bat suppression of pine processionary moth: Implications for pest management.

Bats provide important ecosystem services, particularly in agriculture, yet integrating bat management into conservation plans remains challenging. Some landscape features considerably influence bat presence, diversity, and ecosystem service provision. Understanding the relationship between landscape structure, composition, pest suppression, and ecosystem services is crucial.

Enhanced effect of ferrous sulfate on nitrogen retention and PBAT degradation during co-composting by combing with biochar-loaded FN1 bacterial composites.

The treatment of biodegradable plastics through composting has garnered increasing attention. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Biochar FN1 bacteria and ferrous sulfate on nitrogen retention, greenhouse gas emissions, and degradable plastics during composting and to elucidate their synergistic mechanisms on microbial communities. Compared with the control, applying biochar-loaded FN1 bacteria composites combined with Ferrous sulfate (SGC) markedly accelerated organic matter degradation and reduced cumulative CO and NH emissions.

Suspended sediment (SPS) triggers nitrogen retention by altering microbial network stability and electron transport behavior during the aerobic-anoxic transition.

NO-N transformation, the vital biological process, determines nitrogen removal and retention in aquatic environment. Suspended sediment (SPS) ubiquitous in freshwater ecosystems can accelerate the transitions from aerobic to anoxic states, inevitably impacting NO-N transformation. To elaborate on the microbial mechanism by which SPS content affected NO-N transformation, we explored nitrogen removal and retention, microbial communities, co-occurrence networks, and electron transfer behavior under different SPS content during the aerobic-anoxic transition.

The influence of enterprise ESG performance on overseas business income - Evidence from China.

As an emerging information disclosure system, enterprise ESG performance holds substantial importance for the international expansion of Chinese enterprises. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of literature examining the relationship between the ESG performance of Chinese enterprises and their overseas business income. This research utilizes data from Chinese A-share listed companies spanning from 2009 to 2022 to explore the causal link between ESG performance and overseas business income.

Identifying priority conservation areas for threatened amphibian habitats in the Yangtze river Delta region to maintain regional biodiversity.

The complex life cycle traits of amphibians make them especially sensitive to environmental change, and their ongoing conservation requires the maintenance of suitable habitat that accounts for such life cycle characteristics which may impacted by local environmental dynamics arising from climate change and human disturbance. Many existing studies on amphibian habitats disregard this important issue, leading to uncertainty in managing critical habitats. The application of appropriate conservation practices is therefore constrained by the fact that the major factors influencing amphibian habitats, and their spatio-temporal dynamics at different life stages, are poorly understood.

Removal, conversion and utilization technologies of alkali components in bayer red mud.

Bayer red mud is a highly alkaline industrial solid waste generated during alumina production, and its massive discharge and stockpiling poses significant environmental risks. The strong alkalinity of red mud is a primary challenge limiting its effective utilization. This study systematically analyzes the composition and characteristics of alkaline components in red mud, emphasizing the roles of soluble free alkali and chemically bound alkali in regulating its alkalinity.

Exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles disrupts the BTB by interfering with the assembly of stress granules in germ cells.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) are among the most prevalent nanomaterials utilized in industrial and medical fields. However, their impact on spermatogenesis and male fertility remains insufficiently characterized. This study addresses the reproductive toxicity of TiO NPs and elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms involved.

Efficacy and safety of antibody-drug conjugates in pretreated HER2-low metastatic breast cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-DXd) and sacituzumab-govitecan (SG) provided significant progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) improvements over chemotherapy (CT) in pretreated hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and triple-negative (TN)/HER2-low metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, no direct comparison between the two exists, nor with the more recent datopotamab-deruxtecan (Dato-DXd).

Methods: We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare efficacy and safety of T-DXd and SG in CT-pretreated HR+ and TN/HER2-low MBC and assess their benefit over standard CT, exploring also a comparison with Dato-DXd.

A bimodal closed-loop neuromodulation implant integrated with ultraflexible probes to treat epilepsy.

Anti-seizure medications and deep brain stimulation are widely used therapies to treat seizures; however, both face limitations such as resistance and the unpredictable nature of seizures. Recent advancements, including responsive neural stimulation and on-demand drug release, have been developed to address these challenges. However, a gap remains, as electrical stimulation provides only transient effects while medication has a delayed onset.

Perioperative immunotherapy plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for patients with resectable pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma.

Background: Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PLELC) is a rare subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of perioperative PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in stage II-IIIB PLELC patients.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study included stage II-IIIB PLELC patients.

STK11 mutations correlate with poor prognosis for advanced NSCLC treated with first-line immunotherapy or chemo-immunotherapy according to KRAS, TP53, KEAP1, and SMARCA4 status.

Background: The upfront treatment of non-oncogene-addicted NSCLC relies on immunotherapy alone (ICI) or in combination with chemotherapy (CT-ICI). Genomic aberrations such as KRAS, TP53, KEAP1, SMARCA4, or STK11 may impact survival outcomes.

Methods: We performed an observational study of 145 patients treated with first-line IO or CT-ICI for advanced non-squamous (nsq) NSCLC at our institution tested with an extensive lab-developed NGS panel.

Association of trimethylamine N-oxide and metabolites with kidney function decline in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbial metabolite derived from dietary l-carnitine and choline. High plasma TMAO levels are associated with cardiovascular disease and overall mortality, but little is known about the associations of TMAO and related metabolites with the risk of kidney function decline among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: We prospectively followed 152 nondialysis patients with CKD stages 3-5 and measured plasma TMAO and related metabolites (trimethylamine [TMA], choline, carnitine, and γ-butyrobetaine) via liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry.

Stearic acid metabolism in human health and disease.

Named after the Greek term for "hard fat", stearic acid has gradually entered people's field of vision. As an important component of various physiological cellular functions, stearic acid plays a regulatory role in diverse aspects of energy metabolism and signal transduction. Its applications range from serving as a bodily energy source to participating in endogenous biosynthesis.

Astrocyte regulation of critical period plasticity across neural circuits.

Critical periods are brief windows of heightened neural circuit plasticity that allow circuits to permanently reset their structure and function to facilitate robust organismal behavior. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that instruct critical period timing is of broad clinical interest, as altered developmental plasticity is linked to multiple neurodevelopmental disorders. While intrinsic, neuronal mechanisms shape both neural circuit remodeling and critical period timing, recent data indicate that signaling from astrocytes and surrounding glia can both promote and limit critical period plasticity.

Accelerated quadratic penalty dynamic approaches with applications to distributed optimization.

In this paper, we explore accelerated continuous-time dynamic approaches with a vanishing damping α/t, driven by a quadratic penalty function designed for linearly constrained convex optimization problems. We replace these linear constraints with penalty terms incorporated into the objective function, where the penalty coefficient grows to +∞ as t tends to infinity. With appropriate penalty coefficients, we establish convergence rates of O(1/t) for the objective residual and the feasibility violation when α>0, and demonstrate the robustness of these convergence rates against external perturbation.

Explicitly diverse visual question generation.

Visual question generation involves the generation of meaningful questions about an image. Although we have made significant progress in automatically generating a single high-quality question related to an image, existing methods often ignore the diversity and interpretability of generated questions, which are important for various daily tasks that require clear question sources. In this paper, we propose an explicitly diverse visual question generation model that aims to generate diverse questions based on interpretable question sources.

CMFX: Cross-modal fusion network for RGB-X crowd counting.

Currently, for obtaining more accurate counts, existing methods primarily utilize RGB images combined with features of complementary modality (X-modality) for counting. However, designing a model that can adapt to various sensors is still an unsolved issue due to the differences in features between different modalities. Therefore, this paper proposes a unified fusion framework called CMFX for RGB-X crowd counting.

A sparse and wide neural network model for DNA sequences.

Accurate modeling of DNA sequences requires capturing distant semantic relationships between the nucleotide acid bases. Most existing deep neural network models face two challenges: (1) they are limited to short DNA fragments and cannot capture long-range interactions, and (2) they require many supervised labels, which is often expensive in practice. We propose a new neural network model called SwanDNA to address the above challenges.

Method of accessing alcohol and binge drinking status in youth and young adults.

Aims: The study investigated relationships between how youth and young adults access alcohol and their binge drinking behaviors.

Methods: Data from the Rhode Island Student Survey (11- to 18-year-olds) and the Mobile Screen Time project (18- to 24-year-old) were included. Participants were asked whether they access alcohol through several different methods (e.

Corticospinal and Clinical Effects of Muscle Tendon Vibration in Neurologically Impaired Individuals. A Scoping Review.

This review verified the extent, variety, quality and main findings of studies that have tested the neurophysiological and clinical effects of muscle tendon vibration (VIB) in individuals with sensorimotor impairments. The search was conducted on PubMed, CINAHL, and SportDiscuss up to April 2024. Studies were selected if they included humans with neurological impairments, applied VIB and used at least one measure of corticospinal excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

Just the Tip of the Iceberg: a Brief Report of the Tip-of-the-Tongue Score as an Embedded Validity Indicator for the Children's Auditory and Visual Naming Tests.

Objective: Explore the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) scores from the Children's Auditory and Visual Naming Tests (cANT, cVNT) as embedded validity indicators (EVIs).

Method: A retrospective design of 98 consecutively referred youth aged 6-15 years (M = 11.28, SD = 2.

Case Reports in the Integration of Technology with Cognitive Rehabilitation for Individuals with Memory Concerns and Their Care Partners.

Objective: Technology can be combined with psychological interventions to support older adults with memory concerns. Using a bi-phasic design, cognitive rehabilitation (CR) was integrated with off-the-shelf technology and delivered to two people with cognitive impairment, and one care partner.

Method: Pre- and post-intervention assessments were completed for all participants.