Blockchain Technology: Overview and Applications in Radiology.

Blockchain technology (BCT) enables the building of a distributed decentralized network that securely stores and exchanges unchangeable data, controlled by individual users. In healthcare, BCT may help streamline interoperability and information transmission while guaranteeing medical record authenticity and safeguarding patient privacy. Possible applications in radiology include patient-controlled image sharing, facilitation of multiinstitutional research, and artificial intelligence integration.

Case report: Atypical young case of MV1 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with unusually long survival.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, fatal, rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting from an accumulation of misfolded prion proteins (PrP). CJD affects 1-2 new individuals per million each year, and the sporadic type accounts for 90% of those cases. Though the median age at onset and disease duration vary depending on the subtype of sporadic CJD (sCJD), the disease typically affects middle-aged to elderly individuals with a median survival of 4-6 months.

Exploring treatment-driven subclonal evolution of prognostic triple biomarkers: Dual gene fusions and chimeric RNA variants in novel subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia patients with KMT2A rearrangement.

Chromosomal rearrangements (CR) initiate leukemogenesis in approximately 50 % of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients; however, limited targeted therapies exist due to a lack of accurate molecular and genetic biomarkers of refractory mechanisms during treatment. Here, we investigated the pathological landscape of treatment resistance and relapse in 16 CR-AML patients by monitoring cytogenetic, RNAseq, and genome-wide changes among newly diagnosed, refractory, and relapsed AML. First, in FISH-diagnosed KMT2A (MLL gene, 11q23)/AFDN (AF6, 6q27)-rearrangement, RNA-sequencing identified an unknown CCDC32 (15q15.

Advances in DNA/RNA Sequencing and Their Applications in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy that poses significant challenges due to high rates of relapse and resistance to treatment, particularly in older populations. While therapeutic advances have been made, survival outcomes remain suboptimal. The evolution of DNA and RNA sequencing technologies, including whole-genome sequencing (WGS), whole-exome sequencing (WES), and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), has significantly enhanced our understanding of AML at the molecular level.

Conditional Deletion of Gremlin-1 in Cathepsin K-expressing Mature Osteoclasts Altered the Skeletal Response to Calcium Depletion in Sex-Dependent Manner.

This study assessed the novel concept that osteoclast-derived Grem1 has regulatory functions in the skeletal response to calcium stress using an osteoclastic Grem1 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model. The calcium stress was initiated by feeding cKO mutants and wildtype (WT) littermates a calcium-deficient diet for 2 weeks. Deletion of Grem1 in mature osteoclasts did not affect developmental bone growth nor basal bone turnover.

Perinatal mortality trend associated with maternal obesity in United States between 2015 - 2020.

Background: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth and neonatal death. Since the publication of A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management (ARRIVE) in 2018, there was an increase in 39 weeks deliveries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the trends in perinatal mortality by BMI category from 2015 to 2020.

Overexpression of miR17 ~ 92 in Myeloid Cells in Mice Increased Bone Mass Through Reduced Bone Resorption and Increased Bone Formation in Sex-Dependent Manner.

This study assessed the feasibility of miR17 ~ 92-based antiresorptive strategy by determining the effects of conditional transgenic (cTG) overexpression of miR17 ~ 92 in myeloid cells on bone and osteoclasts. Osteoclasts of male and female cTG mutant mice each showed 3- to fivefold overexpression of miR17 ~ 92 cluster genes compared to those of age- and sex-matched wildtype (WT) littermates. Male but not female cTG mutant mice had more trabecular and cortical bones as well as lower bone resorption reflected by reduction in osteoclast number and resorbing surface.

Contiguous Xp21 deletion involving Duchenne muscular dystrophy and McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome results in rapidly progressive and fatal cardiomyopathy.

Dilated cardiomyopathy is an expected manifestation and common cause of death in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We present an unusually rapid progression of cardiomyopathy in a boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Expanded genetic testing revealed a contiguous Xp21 deletion involving dystrophin and XK genes, responsible for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome, respectively, resulting in a more severe cardiac phenotype.

Rising Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel Antibody Level as a Possible Disease Progression Marker for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Report.

A subset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients tests positive for antibodies commonly associated with autoimmune neurological diseases, including voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC)-complex antibodies. Although an autoimmune basis for ALS remains speculative, and immunomodulatory therapies have shown minimal benefit as of yet, isolated cases suggest that VGKC-complex antibodies may be relevant to disease type and progression. In this report, we present a case of ALS in which increasing VGKC-complex antibody levels correlated with clinical decline, raising the question of whether such antibodies could serve as biomarkers of progression in VGKC-complex antibody-positive ALS patients.

Delayed-Onset White Matter Lesions on Brain MRI in Recurrent Non-cerebral Plasmodium falciparum Imported Malaria Without Neurological Symptoms.

malaria affects millions of people in certain regions of the world, with neurological involvement and/or cerebral malaria as potential manifestations. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities have been well-documented in cerebral malaria. However, MRI abnormalities in non-cerebral malaria, especially in neurologically asymptomatic patients, are not well understood and have been less frequently reported, especially in non-endemic regions.

Outcomes Comparison of Endovascular and Open Surgical Approaches for Subclavian Arterial Injury: A Nationwide Analysis.

Background: The management of patients with subclavian artery injury is rapidly evolving from an open to an endovascular approach. We aim to present an analysis of management and a comparison of outcomes according to the type of approach used to treat these challenging injuries.

Methods: Adult patients with subclavian arterial injuries were abstracted from the National Inpatient Sample database from 2012-2014 and 2016-2021.

Ongoing Litigation Regarding the Use of Cow's Milk Formulas and Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Issues of Product Liability and Proposed Requirement for Informed Consent.

Recent litigation against the two major U.S. formula manufacturers regarding their products liability, in Gill v Abbott Laboratories and Watson v Mead Johnson, juries in two U.

Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid-Rich Supplementation Decreases Neurotoxic Lipid Mediators in Participants with Type 2 Diabetes and Neuropathic Pain.

Background/objectives: There is increasing evidence linking circulating neurotoxic lipids to the progression of chronic neuroinflammatory diseases in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Strategies to modify lipid profiles, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich supplementation, may aid in managing conditions like painful diabetic neuropathy (pDN). In a previous study, we demonstrated that three months of DHA supplementation significantly altered the metabolomic profile of patients with painful diabetic neuropathy (pDN), resulting in symptom improvement.

The Emerging Roles of the Stress Epigenetic Reader LEDGF/p75 in Cancer Biology and Therapy Resistance: Mechanisms and Targeting Opportunities.

The lens epithelium derived growth factor of 75 kD (LEDGF/p75) is a transcription co-activator and epigenetic reader that has emerged as a stress oncoprotein in multiple human cancers. Growing evidence indicates that it promotes tumor cell survival against certain therapeutic drugs. The amino (N)-terminal region of LEDGF/p75 contains a PWWP domain that reads methylated histone marks, critical for recognizing transcriptionally active chromatin sites.

Penetrating cardiac injuries: What you need to know.

Despite significant advances in trauma surgery in recent years, patients sustaining penetrating cardiac injuries still have an overall survival rate of 19%. A substantial number of deaths occur at the scene, while approximately 40% of those reaching trauma centers survive. To increase survival, the key factor is timely intervention for bleeding control, pericardial tamponade release, and definitive repair.

Drivers of resting-state fMRI heterogeneity in traumatic brain injury across injury characteristics and imaging methods: a systematic review and semiquantitative analysis.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common and costly. Although neuroimaging modalities such as resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) promise to differentiate injured from healthy brains and prognosticate long-term outcomes, the field suffers from heterogeneous findings. To assess whether this heterogeneity stems from variability in the TBI populations studied or the imaging methods used, and to determine whether a consensus exists in this literature, we performed the first systematic review of studies comparing rsfMRI functional connectivity (FC) in patients with TBI to matched controls for seven canonical brain networks across injury severity, age, chronicity, population type, and various imaging methods.

Social determinants of health as risk factors for keratoconus in the All of Us database.

Background/aims: Clinical risk factors for keratoconus (KCN) have previously been established. While the impact of the social determinants of health on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of KCN has been explored, further study of these associations is needed in large and diverse populations. This cross-sectional study determines how education level and income impact the prevalence of KCN in the USA using the National Institutes of Health 'All of Us' database.

Using Projective IRT to Evaluate the Effects of Multidimensionality on Unidimensional IRT Model Parameters.

The application of unidimensional IRT models requires item response data to be unidimensional. Often, however, item response data contain a dominant dimension, as well as one or more nuisance dimensions caused by content clusters. Applying a unidimensional IRT model to multidimensional data causes violations of local independence, which can vitiate IRT applications.

Development of Surgical Site Infection One Year After Thyroplasty With Arytenoid Adduction.

Delayed complications of arytenoid adduction and medialization laryngoplasty are rarely reported in the literature. Clinicians should be aware that performing an AA alongside an ML may seed oral cavity bacteria into the paralaryngeal space. This may result in delayed infection-especially in immunocompromised patients-necessitating implant removal and antibiotics.