Beyond Trial Counts: Considerations for Measuring Play and Engagement During Early Intervention for Autistic Children.

Play is critical to child development. In early childhood, object play evolves from exploratory behavior to complex symbolic play. Engagement during play, particularly joint engagement, is essential for learning and social interaction.

Association Between Intra- and Postoperative Opioids in Opioid-Naïve Patients in Thoracic Surgery.

Background: As the opioid epidemic continues, a better understanding of the use of opioids in surgery is needed. We examined whether intraoperative opioid administration was associated with greater postoperative opioid use prior to discharge in opioid-naïve patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Further, we sought to determine predictors of higher intra- and postoperative opioid use including demographic and patient factors and hospital.

Factors influencing equine veterinarians' job satisfaction and retention: A focus group study.

Background: There is a shortage of equine veterinarians. Understanding what factors are associated with job satisfaction in equine veterinarians can inform interventions to increase retention in equine medicine.

Objective: To explore the prominent factors causing work dissatisfaction and burnout in equine veterinarians.

Development and use of DJ-1 affinity microcolumns to screen and study small drug candidates for Parkinson's disease.

Background: DJ-1 is a protein whose mutation causes rare heritable forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and is of interest as a target for treating PD and other disorders. This work used high performance affinity microcolumns to screen and examine the binding of small molecules to DJ-1, as could be used to develop new therapeutics or to study the role of DJ-1 in PD. Non-covalent entrapment was used to place microgram quantities of DJ-1 in an unmodified form within microcolumns, which were then used in multiple studies to analyze binding by model compounds and possible drug candidates to DJ-1.

Woody plant reinvasion shortens the lifespan of grassland restoration treatments.

An important question in restoration ecology is whether restored ecological regimes are more vulnerable to transitions back to a degraded state. In woody-invaded grasslands, high-intensity fire can collapse woody plant communities and induce a shift back to a grass-dominated regime. Yet, legacies from woody-dominated regimes often persist and it remains unclear whether restored regimes are at heightened vulnerability to reinvasion.

Structure factor line shape model gives approximate nanoscale size of polar aggregates in pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids.

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are interesting due to their myriad uses in fields such as catalysis and electrochemistry. Their properties are intimately related to their structures, yet structural understanding is difficult to achieve. This work presents a derivation of an approximate expression for the radial distribution function, ().

Intertwined people-nature relations are central to nature-based adaptation to climate change.

Adaptation to climate change is a social-ecological process: it is not solely a result of natural processes or human decisions but emerges from multiple relations within social systems, within ecological systems and between them. We propose a novel analytical framework to evaluate social-ecological relations in nature-based adaptation, encompassing social (people-people), ecological (nature-nature) and social-ecological (people-nature) relations. Applying this framework to 25 case studies, we analyse the associations among these relations and identify archetypes of social-ecological adaptation.

Proximate composition, peptide characterization and bioactive properties of faba bean blanching water.

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) offers a rich nutritional profile with high protein content and abundant vitamins and minerals. Processing of faba beans for freezing requires blanching, yielding liluva (legume processing water), possibly containing leached macronutrients, with potential for upcycling.

Land Use Change Disrupts the Network Complexity and Stability of Soil Microbial Carbon Cycling Genes Across an Agricultural Mosaic Landscape.

To understand the effects of agricultural land use change and management on soil carbon (C) cycling, it is crucial to examine how these changes can influence microbial soil C cycling. Network analysis can offer insights into the structure, complexity, and stability of the soil microbiome in response to environmental disturbances, including land use change. Using SparCC-based co-occurrence networks, we studied how land use change impacts the connectivity, complexity, and stability of microbial C-cycling gene networks across an agricultural mosaic landscape in Canterbury, New Zealand.

Exploring the physiological, biochemical, and enzymatic responses of Vigna mungo varieties to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) infection.

This study aims to enhance sustainable disease management in black gram by identifying varieties resistant to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV). We screened sixteen black gram genotypes, assessing physiological, biochemical and enzymatic basis. Results revealed a range of resistance levels, with PANT URD-19 showing the highest resistance (PDI 0.

A systematic assessment of the stability of SLA® vs. SLActive® implant surfaces over 12 weeks.

Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of two implant surfaces, SLA and SLActive, on implant stability, measured by ISQ levels over a 12-week period.

Methods: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Dentistry and Oral Sciences databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to February 2023 was conducted. The inclusion criteria were studies involving adult patients treated with SLA and SLActive implants, with assessment of implant stability through ISQ levels up to 12 weeks post-placement.

Genomic analysis of mobility measures on 5-month-old gilts associated with structural soundness.

Sow lameness results in premature culling, causing economic loss and well-being issues. A study, utilizing a pressure-sensing mat (GAIT4) and video monitoring system (NUtrack), was conducted to identify objective measurements on gilts that are predictive of future lameness. Gilts (N = 3656) were categorized to describe their lifetime soundness: SOUND, retained for breeding with no detected mobility issues; LAME_SOW, retained for breeding and detected lame as a sow; CULL_STR, not retained due to poor leg structure; LAME_GILT, not retained due to visible signs of lameness; and CULL, not retained due to reasons other than leg structure.

Exposing the obscured influence of state-controlled media via causal inference of quotation propagation.

Reporting by major media outlets influences news coverage by other outlets, resulting in an outsized impact on public opinion. Understanding this inter-outlet influence, known as intermedia agenda setting, is important for assessing the impact of state media and strategic communications. We demonstrate a novel method to quantify inter-outlet influence using causal inference on "quote following," where one outlet uses the same quote as another outlet at a later date.

Multivariable Predictive Model of Postoperative Delirium in Cardiac Surgery Patients: Proteomic and Demographic Contributions.

Background: Delirium after cardiac surgery is common, morbid, and costly, but may be prevented with risk stratification and targeted intervention. In this study, we aimed to identify protein biomarkers and develop a predictive model for postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods: SomaScan analysis of 1305 proteins in the plasma from 57 older adults undergoing cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass was conducted to define delirium-specific protein signatures at baseline (preoperative baseline timepoint [PREOP]) and postoperative day 2 (POD2).

Diabetes Mellitus Is Not a Risk Factor for Difficult Intubation Among Critically Ill Adults: A Secondary Analysis of Multicenter Trials.

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus has been associated with greater difficulty of tracheal intubation in the operating room. This relationship has not been examined for tracheal intubation of critically ill adults. We examined whether diabetes mellitus was independently associated with the time from induction of anesthesia to intubation of the trachea among critically ill adults.

Tele-rehabilitation for children with physical disabilities: qualitative exploration of challenges in Iran.

Background: Children with physical disabilities (Having this type of disability can be due to any of the reasons such as cerebral palsy, genetic, developmental, neurodevelopment and any other reasons that cause physical disability in the child) need rehabilitation services. Tele-rehabilitation is a practical approach to provide rehabilitation services for children with rapid and continuous access. This approach has been used more recently and overcomes the limitations of conventional rehabilitation, which involves wasting time, traveling distance, and cost.

Mechanical Stretch Control of Adipocyte AKT Signaling and the Role of FAK and ROCK Mechanosensors.

Adipose tissue in vivo is physiologically exposed to compound mechanical loading due to bodyweight bearing, posture, and motion. The capability of adipocytes to sense and respond to mechanical loading milieus to influence metabolic functions may provide a new insight into obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we evidenced physiological mechanical loading control of adipocyte insulin signaling cascades.

Observational Study of Trans-Septal Endocardial Left Ventricle Lead Implant for Effective Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Heart Failure and Challenging Coronary Sinus Anatomy.

Background: When conventional trans-venous CS lead placement fails, trans-septal endocardial left ventricle lead placement is an alternative technique used to capture the left ventricle endocardially; however, its use is limited due to a lack of evidence, practice uptake, and clinical trials.

Methods: In this single-center cohort study, we evaluated the efficiency of the procedure, post-procedural complication rate, rate of thromboembolic events, overall survival rate, and changes in the echocardiographic parameters, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, both before and after TSLV lead implantation.

Results: The TSLV lead implant is safe and improves EF, LVEDV, LVESV, and LVIDd.

Medicine and Pharmacy Students' Role in Decreasing Substance Use Disorder Stigma: A Qualitative Study.

Background: A strong body of research has established stigma as a barrier to care for patients with substance use disorders (SUDs), which can lead to poorer patient outcomes. Prior qualitative research on healthcare practitioners' perceptions is limited. This study aimed to describe healthcare professional students' perceived roles in decreasing SUD stigma.

Social-Emotional Competence for Children with Identified Developmental Concerns: The Impact of Parenting and Executive Function.

Social-emotional competence and executive function at preschool are critical for children's school readiness. Unfortunately, young children with the dual risk of low-income status and identified developmental concerns are more likely to have lower social-emotional learning. This study examines (a) bidirectional associations between dyadic parenting behaviors, executive function, and social-emotional competence; and (b) executive function as an explanatory mechanism for the predictive relationship between specific parenting behaviors and children's social-emotional competence.

Evaluation of Potential Developmental Precursors to Executive Function in Young Children with Motor Delays: Exploratory Study.

This study aimed to explore whether early developmental abilities are related to future executive function (EF) in children with motor delays. Fourteen children with motor delays ( = 10.76, = 2.

Stochastic Model for a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Driven by Broadband Vibrations.

We present an experimental and numerical study of a piezoelectric energy harvester driven by broadband vibrations. This device can extract power from random fluctuations and can be described by a stochastic model, based on an underdamped Langevin equation with white noise, which mimics the dynamics of the piezoelectric material. A crucial point in the modelisation is represented by the appropriate description of the coupled load circuit that is necessary to harvest electrical energy.