Pretreatment of Glucose-Fructose Syrup with Ceramic Membrane Ultrafiltration Coupled with Activated Carbon.

Ceramic membranes are applied to remove non-sugar impurities, including proteins, colloids and starch, from glucose-fructose syrup that is dissolved from raw sugar using acid. The performance of ceramic membranes with 0.05 μm pores in clarifying high-fructose syrup was investigated under various operating conditions.

A reliable method of high performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for determining selenoamino acids in selenoproteins from Lactococcus lactis.

A reliable method for simultaneous determination of four organic selenium species by HPLC-ICP-MS was developed and implemented in determining organic selenoamino acids (Se-AAs) in selenoproteins from Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) NZ9000. The method consisted of liberating Se-AAs from selenoproteins using ultrasound-assisted protease hydrolysis, and quantitatively detecting Se-AA speciations by HPLC-ICP-MS.

Ultrasonic assisted enhanced catalytic effect of perovskite to promote depolymerization of lignin.

The search for renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuel has made lignin a promising carbon-containing resource. In this paper, LaNiO perovskite catalyst supported by mesoporous carrier with specific pore structure was prepared by the pore filling of MCM-41 with citrate complex precursors of nickel and lanthanum. Then the catalysts applied to maize straw lignin depolymerization.

Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine.

Selenocysteine (Sec) is the 21st non-standard proteinogenic amino acid. Due to the particularity of the codon encoding Sec, the selenoprotein synthesis needs to be completed by unique mechanisms in specific biological systems. In this paper, the underlying mechanisms for the biosynthesis and incorporation of Sec into selenoprotein were comprehensively reviewed on five aspects: (i) the specific biosynthesis mechanism of Sec and the role of its internal influencing factors (SelA, SelB, SelC, SelD, SPS2 and PSTK); (ii) the elements (SECIS, PSL, SPUR and RF) on mRNA and their functional mechanisms; (iii) the specificity (either translation termination or translation into Sec) of UGA; (iv) the structure-activity relationship and action mechanism of SelA, SelB, SelC and SelD; and (v) the operating mechanism of two key enzyme systems for inorganic selenium source flow before Sec synthesis.

gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a sea snail .

Members within the family are morphologically and genetically highly diverse, and originate mostly from coastal marine environments. In this study, a novel species of this family, designated M0103, was isolated from the surface of a sea snail . Strain M0103 is Gram-stain-negative, halophilic, non-motile and non-Bacteriochlorophyll -producing bacterium.

FeO hollow nanospheres on graphene oxide as an efficient heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst for the advanced treatment of biotreated papermaking effluent.

This study focused on the feasibility of using FeO/graphene oxide (FGO) nanocomposites as heterogeneous catalysts for the advanced treatment of real industrial wastewater. FGO nanocomposites with different graphene oxide (GO) ratios were synthesized by coprecipitating iron salts onto GO sheets in basic solution. The characterization of the resulting material structures and functionalities was performed using a range of analytical techniques.

Tuning structure of spent coffee ground lignin by temperature fractionation to improve lignin-based carbon nanofibers mechanical performance.

Fabricating lignin-based carbon nanofibers (LCNFs) with the lignin in spent coffee grounds (SCG) as raw material which are disposed as waste amounting to millions tons annual is benefit to promote economy and environmental protection. However, due to the heterogeneity and complex three-dimensional structure, the mechanic property is very poor. In this study, we propose a fractionating pretreatment method to overcome the above problems by regulating the structure of SCG lignin in which high-performance LCNFs were fabricated.

Efficient and controllable ultrasound-assisted depolymerization of organosolv lignin catalyzed to liquid fuels by MCM-41 supported phosphotungstic acid.

In this study, effects of catalyst types, reaction temperatures, reaction times, reaction solvents and ultrasound frequencies were carefully investigated to improve the yields and characteristics of various depolymerization products of organosolv lignin. Generally, both catalyst types and ultrasound frequencies played important roles in promoting lignin depolymerization and reducing char yield. In particular, the yield and distribution of phenolic monomer (PM) products were greatly influenced by pore structure and acidity of the catalyst.

Activity of microporous lignin-derived carbon-based solid catalysts used in biodiesel production.

Lignin is utilized as a carbon precursor to produce microporous lignin-derived carbon-based solid acid (MLC-S) ZnCl activation and sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid. The effects of reaction conditions, namely the ratio of methanol to oleic acid, carbonization temperature, and catalyst dosage, on the efficiency of the esterification of oleic acid with methanol are investigated. As a carbon-based solid acid, the MLC-S offers high catalytic activity in the esterification, which is a crucial reaction in the synthesis of biodiesel.

Unlocking the response of lignin structure by depolymerization process improved lignin-based carbon nanofibers preparation and mechanical strength.

We reported a new approach for development of lignin-based carbon nanofibers (LCNFs) from two lignin-derived bio-oil (LB) obtained from catalytic depolymerization reaction combined with the organic solvent gradient separation process (including ethanol-soluble LB (EL) and tetrahydrofuran-soluble LB (TL)). This approach was particularly unique and translatable as it uses small molecule TL with high reactivity and low heterogeneity obtained via stalk lignin depolymerization to produce good morphologies and mechanical performances of LCNFs mixed with polyacrylonitrile under 85% high replacement rates. We first detailed characterization studies such as 2D-HSQC NMR, P NMR, FT-IR, GPC, TGA and DSC were conducted to understand the properties of EL and TL.

Study on quality characteristics of cassava flour and cassava flour short biscuits.

In this paper, the basic components, nutrient composition, and processing characteristics of cassava flour were determined. In addition, the effects of xanthan gum and inulin on the pasting properties, microstructure, and thermal properties of cassava flour were studied. Biscuits were prepared using cassava flour as the main raw material and the optimal technology and formula for the biscuits were determined by single-factor and orthogonal tests.

The effect of Forest ex Diels on chronically constipated mice.

To verify the laxative effect of and its effect on intestinal microbiota, a long-term constipation model was established using 3.0 mg/kg loperamide hydrochloride, after which, the long-term constipation model was administered by 0.2 g/ml high-dose Codonopsis bulleyana water extract.

Effects of forest ex diels on Deferribacteres in constipation predominant intestine tumor: Differential analysis.

As a complicated micro-ecosystem, gut microbes are closely related to metabolic disease, immune disease and tumor (such as constipation. Long-term constipation would cause intestinal mucosal injury, enteritis, ileus, etc., thus inducing intestine cancer).

Metabonomics of mice intestine in foetens induced apoptosis of intestine cancer cells.

Intestinal cancer is a disease with high morbidity and high mortality in China. Previous studies have shown that Codonopsis foetens can inhibit cellular autophagy and promote the apoptosis of intestine cancer cells. Based on metabolomics method coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technology, we aimed to analyze intestinal small molecule metabolites in the intestinal cancer model group and the Codonopsis foetens treated group.

Effect of Chitosan- and Alginate-Based Coatings Enriched with Cinnamon Essential Oil Microcapsules to Improve the Postharvest Quality of Mangoes.

During this study, fresh mangoes were packed into multilayer coatings made from chitosan containing cinnamon essential oil microcapsules and alginate solutions that were alternately deposited on the mango surfaces by electrostatic interaction. We then compared the physical and chemical indexes to examine the changes in the mangoes during 14 d of storage. The results showed that the microcapsules prepared in the experiment were of uniform size, with the sustained release of essential oil exceeding 168 h.

A Renewed Focus on GDF11 Level Fluctuation in Human Serum in Relation to Physical Examination Indicators.

Growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily. Previous studies have shown that GDF11 decreases with age and has antiaging effects; however, such reports are controversial. We choose 152 subjects covering a large age range (2 hours to 75 years) to measure serum GDF11.

Phosphorus Enhances Cr(VI) Uptake and Accumulation in Leersia hexandra Swartz.

The effects of P supplementation on chromium(VI) uptake by Leersia hexandra Swartz were studied using pot-culture experiment. P-deficiency and zero-P addition controls were included. The Cr(VI) uptake followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics.

[Determination of organic acids in the root exudates of Cr-hyperaccumulator Swartz using high performance liquid chromatography].

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the separation and quantification of the low molecular-mass organic acids in the root exudates of Cr-hyperaccumulator Swartz. Eight organic acids, oxalic, tartaric, formic, malic, lactic, acetic, maleic and citric acids, were separated on an XSelect HSS T3 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) within 13 min with the mobile phase of 40 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate-phosphorous acid at pH 2.

Myricitrin ameliorates ethanol-induced steatosis in mouse AML12 liver cells by activating AMPK, and reducing oxidative stress and expression of inflammatory cytokines.

It is necessary to identify compounds that may provide protection against alcoholic liver disease. To the best of our knowledge, the effect of myricitrin on the development of ethanol‑induced liver disease has not been previously investigated. The present study aimed to determine the effect of myricitrin on ethanol‑induced steatosis in AML12 mouse liver cells and to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms.