Prime time for primate functional genomics.

Functional genomics research is continually improving our understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships in humans, and comparative genomics perspectives can provide additional insight into the evolutionary histories of such relationships. To specifically identify conservation or species-specific divergence in humans, we must look to our closest extant evolutionary relatives. Primate functional genomics research has been steadily advancing and expanding, in spite of several limitations and challenges that this field faces.

Influences on memory for naturalistic visual episodes: sleep, familiarity, and traits differentially affect forms of recall.

The memories we form are composed of information that we extract from multifaceted episodes. Static stimuli and paired associations have proven invaluable stimuli for understanding memory, but real-life events feature spatial and temporal dimensions that help form new retrieval paths. We ask how the ability to recall semantic, temporal, and spatial aspects (the "what, when, and where") of naturalistic episodes is affected by three influences-prior familiarity, postencoding sleep, and individual differences-by testing their influence on three forms of recall: cued recall, free recall, and the extent that recalled details are recombined for a novel prompt.

Roadmap for naming uncultivated Archaea and Bacteria.

The assembly of single-amplified genomes (SAGs) and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) has led to a surge in genome-based discoveries of members affiliated with Archaea and Bacteria, bringing with it a need to develop guidelines for nomenclature of uncultivated microorganisms. The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) only recognizes cultures as 'type material', thereby preventing the naming of uncultivated organisms. In this Consensus Statement, we propose two potential paths to solve this nomenclatural conundrum.

Towards an understanding of the burdens of medication management affecting older people: the MEMORABLE realist synthesis.

Background: More older people are living in the community with multiple diagnoses and medications. Managing multiple medications produces issues of unrivalled complexity for those involved. Despite increasing literature on the subject, gaps remain in understanding how, why and for whom complex medication management works, and therefore how best to improve practice and outcomes.

Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression in Long-Term Endurance and Resistance Trained Elderly.

Physical exercise is deemed the most efficient way of counteracting the age-related decline of skeletal muscle. Here we report a transcriptional study by next-generation sequencing of vastus lateralis biopsies from elderly with a life-long high-level training practice ( = 9) and from age-matched sedentary subjects ( = 5). Unsupervised mixture distribution analysis was able to correctly categorize trained and untrained subjects, whereas it failed to discriminate between individuals who underwent a prevalent endurance ( = 5) or a prevalent resistance ( = 4) training, thus showing that the training mode was not relevant for sarcopenia prevention.

Ancient DNA of Guinea Pigs (Cavia spp.) Indicates a Probable New Center of Domestication and Pathways of Global Distribution.

Guinea pigs (Cavia spp.) have a long association with humans. From as early as 10,000 years ago they were a wild food source.

Inequalities in Longitudinal Health Trajectories in Middle to Later Life: a Comparison of European Countries and Korea.

Background: This study compared inequalities in the longitudinal trajectory of health measured by latent growth curves (LGCs) in Korea and six other developed European countries.

Methods: Unconditional and conditional LGCs were fitted, with standardized self-rated health (SRH) as the outcome variable. Two nationally-representative longitudinal datasets were used: the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (2007-2015; 2,761 Swedish, 2,546 Danish, 2,580 German, 2,860 French, 2,372 Spanish, and 2,924 Italian respondents) and the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2014; 8,465 Korean respondents).

Delayed presentation of acute ischemic strokes during the COVID-19 crisis.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted established care paths worldwide. Patient awareness of the pandemic and executive limitations imposed on public life have changed the perception of when to seek care for acute conditions in some cases. We sought to study whether there is a delay in presentation for acute ischemic stroke patients in the first month of the pandemic in the US.

Ethical challenges in family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer - a qualitative study.

Background: Caring for patients with advanced or terminal diseases can confront family caregivers (FC) with ethical challenges. The present study aims at tracing paths connected to ethical challenges among FC of advanced cancer patients by exploring morally troubling situations and related burden, as well as strategies to handle the situation and experience of moral distress from the grieving FC's perspective.

Methods: Within a qualitative design, interviews with 12 grieving FC were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide.

Exploring dynamic interactions of single nanoparticles at interfaces for surface-confined electrochemical behavior and size measurement.

With the development of new instruments and methodologies, the highly dynamic behaviors of nanoparticle at the liquid-solid interface have been studied. However, the dynamic nature of the electrochemical behavior of individual nanoparticles on the electrode interface is still poorly understood. Here, we generalize scaling relations to predict nanoparticle-electrode interactions by examining the adsorption energy of nanoparticles at an ultramicroelectrode interface.

Microtubules control cellular shape and coherence in amoeboid migrating cells.

Cells navigating through complex tissues face a fundamental challenge: while multiple protrusions explore different paths, the cell needs to avoid entanglement. How a cell surveys and then corrects its own shape is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that spatially distinct microtubule dynamics regulate amoeboid cell migration by locally promoting the retraction of protrusions.

Novel 3D Nanoporous Zn-Cu Alloy as Long-Life Anode toward High-Voltage Double Electrolyte Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

The recharge ability of zinc metal-based aqueous batteries is greatly limited by the zinc anode. The poor cycling durability of Zn anodes is attributed to the dendrite growth, shape change and passivation, but this issue has been ignored by using an excessive amount of Zn in the past. Herein, a 3D nanoporous (3D NP) Zn-Cu alloy is fabricated by a sample electrochemical-assisted annealing thermal method combined, which can be used directly as self-supported electrodes applied for renewable zinc-ion devices.

How does experience impact the adoption willingness of battery electric vehicles? The role of psychological factors.

Battery electric vehicles (BEV) have become the most effective and environmentally friendly means to replace internal combustion vehicles. However, given the fact that BEV are a relatively new product category, and the majority of car users have little experience of using BEV, consumers often have a misconception about BEV, and thus tend to avoid purchasing an electric vehicle. This paper aims to explore the role of customer experience and demonstrate how this experience affects the adoption willingness of BEV.

Positive and negative experiences and life satisfaction among spousal caregivers for frail older adults in urban China: a parallel process model.

Objectives: Previous literature has suggested that negative and positive aspects of spousal caregiving co-exist. However, positive and negative experiences were often examined independently. This study aimed to empirically test a parallel process model of spousal caregiving.

Performance evaluation of a new three-in one diffusive sampler for monitoring NO, SO and O.

A tailor-made diffusive sampler has been developed for the determination of nitrogen dioxide (NO), sulfur dioxide (SO) and ozone (O) concentrations with a performance evaluation of the sampler being carried out under field and laboratory conditions. The most important characteristics of the sampler design is that simultaneous sampling of the three pollutants can be performed in one sampler. All the parts of the diffusive sampler are reusable after cleaning.

Predicting the dynamic distribution of Sphagnum bogs in China under climate change since the last interglacial period.

Sphagnum bogs possess irreplaceable ecological and economic value, and they are scarce in China, with a fragmented distribution. Based on 19 high-resolution bioclimatic environmental datasets and 71 bog center point locations, we employed a maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) to reconstruct and predict the spatial-temporal geographical distribution patterns of Sphagnum bogs from the last interglacial (LIG) period to two typical CO2 representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP8.

Exploring a Path Model of Cognitive Impairment, Functional Disability, and Incontinence Among Male Veteran Home Residents in Southern Taiwan.

Most studies focusing on only one directional effect among cognitive health, physical function, and incontinence may miss potential paths. This study aimed to determine the pathway by analyzing the bidirectional effects of exposure (X) on outcome (Y) and explore the mediating effect (M) between X and Y. Secondary data analyses were performed in this study.

60/30: 60% of the Morbidity-Associated Multiple Sclerosis Disease Burden Comes From the 30% of Persons With Higher Impairments.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic, non-traumatic, neurologic disease in young adults. While approximate values of the disease burden of MS are known, individual drivers are unknown. To estimate the age-, sex-, and disease severity-specific contributions to the disease burden of MS.

Biological phase separation: cell biology meets biophysics.

Progress in development of biophysical analytic approaches has recently crossed paths with macromolecule condensates in cells. These cell condensates, typically termed liquid-like droplets, are formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). More and more cell biologists now recognize that many of the membrane-less organelles observed in cells are formed by LLPS caused by interactions between proteins and nucleic acids.

Shared Causal Paths underlying Alzheimer's dementia and Type 2 Diabetes.

Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central nervous system disease and type 2 diabetes MELLITUS (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder, an increasing number of genetic epidemiological studies show clear link between AD and T2DM. The current approach to uncovering the shared pathways between AD and T2DM involves association analysis; however such analyses lack power to discover the mechanisms of the diseases. As an alternative, we developed novel causal inference methods for genetic studies of AD and T2DM and pipelines for systematic multi-omic casual analysis to infer multilevel omics causal networks for the discovery of common paths from genetic variants to AD and T2DM.

Dynamic multimodal interactions in navigating wood ants: what do path details tell us about cue integration?

Ants are expert navigators, using multimodal information to navigate successfully. Here, we present the results of systematic studies of multimodal cue use in navigating wood ants, Ants learnt to navigate to a feeder that was defined by an olfactory cue (O), visual cue (V) and airflow (A) presented together. When the feeder, olfactory cue and airflow were all placed at the centre of the visual cue (VOA), ants did not directly approach the learnt feeder when either the olfactory or visual cue was removed.

Applying the dual factor model of mental health to understanding protective factors in adolescence.

Guided by the dual factor model of mental health and the resilience portfolio model, this study sought to identify protective factors that distinguish adolescents who exhibit different patterns of psychological symptoms and well-being. Participants were 466 twelve- to 17-year-old adolescents recruited from the Appalachian region of 3 Southern states who completed measures of psychological symptomatology, well-being and a range of protective factors. Analyses showed that, after accounting for adversity, the most consistent differences in both individual strengths and external resources were found between the groups who differed in well-being rather than those differing in symptoms.

Structural and socio-cultural barriers to accessing mental healthcare among Syrian refugees and asylum seekers in Switzerland.

: Due to their experiences of major stressful life events, including post-displacement stressors, refugees and asylum seekers are vulnerable to developing mental health problems. Yet, despite the availability of specialized mental health services in Western European host countries, refugees and asylum seekers display low mental healthcare utilization. : The aim of this study was to explore structural and socio-cultural barriers to accessing mental healthcare among Syrian refugees and asylum seekers in Switzerland.

Impact on perinatal health and cost-effectiveness of risk-based care in obstetrics: a before-after study.

Background: Obstetric health care relies on an adequate antepartum risk selection. Most guidelines used for risk stratification, however, do not assess absolute risks. In 2017, a prediction tool was implemented in a Dutch region.