Description and Characterization of Three-Dimensional Human Mast Cell Progenitor Spheroids In Vitro.

Human mast cells (MC) are an essential component of the immune system as they uniquely store and release a wide range of soluble mediators through IgE and non-IgE mechanisms. Several tissue sources can be used to differentiate functional MC for and studies. Here we describe an improved method for obtaining large numbers of human MC from adipose tissue with advantages over current methods.

Surgical management of recurrent instability following Latarjet procedure - A systematic review of salvage procedures.

Background: Failed Latarjet procedures pose a surgical challenge due to complex anatomical issues. This systematic review investigates salvage techniques for recurrent instability following a Latarjet procedure.

Methods: A search was conducted on MEDLINE and PubMed Central following the methodology registered to International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.

Delayed presentation of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) to okra in a toddler.

Background: Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-immunoglobulin E (IgE) -mediated food allergy predominantly observed in infants and characterized by the delayed onset of vomiting following ingestion of a trigger food. An increase in research and clinical consideration of FPIES has led to the discovery of unique deviations from the standard FPIES triggers and presentations.

Case Presentation: A 34-month-old female patient with a history of consuming okra daily presented to medical attention after developing classic FPIES symptoms to okra beginning at 14-months of age.

The role of membrane trafficking and retromer complex in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.

Membrane trafficking is a physiological process encompassing different pathways involved in transporting cellular products across cell membranes to specific cell locations via encapsulated vesicles. This process is required for cells to mature and function properly, allowing them to adapt to their surroundings. The retromer complex is a complex composed of nexin proteins and peptides that play a vital role in the endosomal pathway of membrane trafficking.

Exploring gastric cancer genetics: A turning point in common variable immunodeficiency.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) stands as a prominent cause of cancer-related mortality and ranks second among the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in individuals with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).

Objective: We sought to conduct a comprehensive, large-scale genetic analysis to explore the CVID-associated germline variant landscape within gastric adenocarcinoma samples and to seek to delineate the transcriptomic similarities between GC and CVID.

Methods: We investigated the presence of CVID-associated germline variants in 1591 GC samples and assessed their impact on tumor mutational load.

Validating inborn error of immunity prevalence and risk with nationally representative electronic health record data.

Background: The 10 Warning Signs of Primary Immunodeficiency were created 30 years ago to advance recognition of inborn errors of immunity (IEI). However, no population-level assessment of their utility applied to electronic health record (EHR) data has been conducted.

Objective: We sought to quantify the value of having ≥2 warning signs (WS) toward diagnosing IEI using a highly representative real-world US cohort.

Correction: Disturbance of Growth in Pediatric Patients Due to Osteomyelitis Caused by Growth Plate Infection.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50631.

Disturbance of Growth in Pediatric Patients Due to Osteomyelitis Caused by Growth Plate Infection.

Osteomyelitis, a severe bone infection, poses a multifaceted challenge to healthcare professionals. While its pathophysiology and treatment have been extensively studied, the impact of osteomyelitis on skeletal growth, particularly in pediatric patients, is an area that warrants attention. This abstract highlights the significance of understanding and managing growth disturbances in osteomyelitis, providing key findings and recommendations for clinicians.

Friendly Kisses Can Be Deadly: Bacteremia in an Asplenic Patient Exposed to Canine Saliva.

The differential diagnosis for febrile asplenic patients must always include opportunistic infections. is one such infection. In this report, we discuss the case of a 73-year-old woman with a medical history significant for splenectomy for splenic sarcoma with prophylactic vaccination for pneumococcus who presented with rigors, emesis, and abdominal pain.

Manipulating Diastereomeric Bicyclononynes to Sensitively Determine Enzyme Activity and Facilitate Macromolecule Conjugations.

Bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN) is one of the most commonly used cycloalkynes in strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC).

Lower Extremity Somatosensory Evoked Potentials Predict Functional Outcomes in Complete Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.

Background: Traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (tCSCI) is often a debilitating injury, making early prognosis important for medical and surgical planning. Currently, the best early predictors of prognosis are physical examination, imaging studies, and patient demographics. Despite these factors, patient outcomes continue to vary significantly.

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication in preterm infants, leading to chronic respiratory disease. There has been an improvement in perinatal care, but many infants still suffer from impaired branching morphogenesis, alveolarization, and pulmonary capillary formation, causing lung function impairments and BPD. There is an increased risk of respiratory infections, pulmonary hypertension, and neurodevelopmental delays in infants with BPD, all of which can lead to long-term morbidity and mortality.

Defining the landscape of patient harm after osteopathic manipulative treatment: synthesis of an adverse event model.

Background: In the United States, osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), is a popular complementary physical health approach for the treatment of neuromusculoskeletal disorders. However, post-OMT adverse events (AEs) are poorly defined in terms of frequency, severity, and temporal evolution. To date, no benchmark for patient safety exists.

Intralobar Pulmonary Sequestration: A Case Report.

Pulmonary sequestration is a congenital lung malformation characterized by a mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue that receives its arterial supply from an aberrant systemic artery. If symptomatic, most newborns present with respiratory distress. Recurrent infection is the most common presentation after the neonatal period.

Acute Recurrent Pancreatitis With Exclusion of Biliary Causes in a Young Female Patient.

Biliary pathologies are common causes of acute pancreatitis, including gallbladder cholesterolosis and gallstone pancreatitis. Nevertheless, after these two pathologies have been excluded, a broader differential and less common etiologies must be considered. Here we report an 18-year-old female with preliminary diagnosis of gallstone pancreatitis who underwent cholecystectomy and intraoperative cholangiogram resulting in uneventful recovery and resolution of symptoms.

Isolated Fallopian Tube Torsion: Diagnosis and Management of a Gynecologic Emergency.

Isolated fallopian tube torsion (IFTT) is a rare gynecologic emergency that requires a high index of suspicion and immediate surgical intervention. IFTT is rarely diagnosed preoperatively due to the lack of pathognomonic signs and symptoms. A 15-year-old female with no medical history presented with acute lower abdominal pain, nausea, and a physical exam significant for diffuse abdominal tenderness to palpation.

Utilizing Reduced Labeled Proton Clearance to Identify Preclinical Alzheimer Disease with 3D ASL MRI.

Addressing the seminal pathophysiology in Alzheimer disease (AD) is the next logical focus for effective intervention, given the initial disappointing and more recent possibly encouraging results of monoclonal antibody trials. Endothelial cell dysfunction-induced blood-brain barrier leak with associated prolonged capillary mean transit time (cMTT) and glymphatic outflow dysfunction is the most proximal events in the degeneration cascade. Sensitive and reproducible markers are required to both identify early disease and assess future treatment trial outcomes.

Interarytenoid injection outcomes in pediatric feeding disorders.

Objectives: Type 1 laryngeal clefts (LC1) and deep interarytenoid grooves contribute to pediatric feeding disorders. Management of these defects remains heterogeneous among surgeons and interarytenoid injection augmentation (IIA) is not always offered as a treatment option. This study evaluated IIA outcomes among a pediatric patient cohort comprised mostly of those with deep interarytenoid grooves.

Racial and ethnic disparities in early mortality among patients with inborn errors of immunity.

Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in life expectancy in the United States have been widely documented. To date, there remains a paucity of similar data in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEIs).

Objective: Our aim was to examine racial and ethnic differences in mortality due to an IEI in the United States.

Primary mediastinal seminoma presenting with paraneoplastic anti-Hu encephalitis: a case report and literature review.

Primary mediastinal seminomas are exceedingly rare tumors, often localized to the anterior mediastinum. They may present with numerous complications, including superior vena cava syndrome, chylothorax, and pericardial effusions. Less commonly, they may present with paraneoplastic encephalitis.

Potential Local Mechanisms for Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia in Response to Blood Flow Restriction Training.

Overall, there is a great need within sports medicine to ensure that athletes can return from injury in an efficient, yet thorough manner. It is crucial to not avoid necessary difficulties in this process but also to ensure time-efficient rehabilitation. One of the more promising techniques to achieve timely recovery is blood flow restriction (BFR) training.

Treatment of membranous nephropathy: Perspectives on current and future therapies.

Primary membranous nephropathy remains one of the most frequent causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults. It is an autoimmune disorder in which auto-antibodies target antigens at the podocytes cell membrane-basement membrane interface. Our understanding of membranous nephropathy has expanded dramatically as of late.

Chronic Neurological Disorders and Predisposition to Severe COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients in the United States.

Background: We investigated the association between chronic pediatric neurological conditions and the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Methods: This matched retrospective case-control study includes patients (n = 71,656) with chronic complex neurological disorders under 18 years of age, with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 or a diagnostic code indicating infection or exposure to SARS-CoV-2, from 103 health systems in the United States. The primary outcome was the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was classified as severe (invasive oxygen therapy or death), moderate (noninvasive oxygen therapy), or mild/asymptomatic (no oxygen therapy).