[Simultaneous determination and toxicokinetic study of six compounds from Zhachong Shisanwei Pills in plasma of chronic cerebral ischemia rats by LC-MS/MS].

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for determining the concentrations of costunolide(CO), piperine(PI), agarotetrol(AG), glycyrrhizic acid(GL), vanillic acid(VA), and glycyrrhetinic acid(GA) in rat plasma. This method was then applied to the toxicokinetic study of these six compounds in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia(CCI) following multiple oral doses of Zhachong Shisanwei Pills. Finally, the effects of continuous multiple-dose administration of Zhachong Shisanwei Pills on the liver of CCI rats were investigated.

Effect of on : Behavior, Oxidative Stress, and Microbiota Alterations.

is an invasive species which has significantly impacted native ecosystems globally. The benthic worm is essential for the stability of the native aquatic ecosystem, facilitating the nutrient cycle dynamics through bioturbation. Nevertheless, limited information exists regarding the impact of on those key native benthic species.

Effects of short-term exposure to secretions on and : A study based on behavior, intestinal microbiota, and antioxidant system.

is one of the most notorious invasive aquatic snail, capable of influencing various aquatic organisms through their secretions. and are the most prevalent and powerful bioturbators in aquatic ecosystems. However, the mechanism of 's secretions affecting bioturbators remains unknown.

Lemniscular carbon nanohoops with contiguous conjugation from planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane: influence of the regioselective synthesis on topological chirality.

We report herein the regioselective synthesis of all-carbon lemniscular nanohoops -CC and -TC by the rational control of ring closures at the different positions of planar chiral tetrasubstituted [2.2]paracyclophane. Topological analyses reveal that -TC is topologically chiral while -CC is topologically achiral.

PTBP-1 and TNF-α/NF-κB are involved in repair mechanisms of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in mice with spinal cord injury.

Objectives: To explore the possible mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) transplantation in mice after spinal cord hemisection.

Methods: Thoracic spinal cord hemisection injuries were performed on adult female Kunming mice. The mice with spinal cord injury (SCI) were injected with hUC-MSCs suspended in normal saline, while the control mice received an equal volume of normal saline.

NH-MIL-88B (Fe In ) mixed-MOFs designed for enhancing photocatalytic Cr(vi) reduction and tetracycline elimination.

Aiming at solving the issue of wastewater purification, this work synthesized NH-MIL-88B (Fe In ) photocatalysts by a simple one-pot method, which was employed for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(vi) and oxidation of TC-HCl. Compared with traditional NH-MIL-88B (Fe) photocatalysts, NH-MIL-88B (FeIn) displayed excellent photocatalytic performance; the photocatalytic redox rate for Cr(vi) and TC-HCl reached 86.83% and 72.

Draft genomes of two outcrossing wild rice, and , reveal genomic features associated with mating-system evolution.

and are important wild relatives of cultivated rice, harboring a promising source of novel genes for rice breeding programs. Here, we present de novo assembled draft genomes and annotation of and . Our analysis reveals a considerable number of lineage-specific gene families associated with the self-incompatibility (SI) and formation of reproductive separation.

Short-term Effects of Cadmium and Mercury on Soil Nematode Communities in a Pot Experiment.

Analysis of soil nematode feeding groups and functional guilds were used as a valuable tool to detect heavy metal pollution. Effects of cadmium (Cd) at 5 mg/kg, mercury (Hg) at 20mg/kg, combined Cd and Hg at 5+20mg/kg on the nematode communities were studied after three months application. Nematodes were collected from soil in rhizosphere of Morning glories () which were applied as heavy metal accumulators and were grown in the experimental pots.

Catalyst-free visible-light-induced condensation to synthesize bis(indolyl)methanes and biological activity evaluation of them as potent human carboxylesterase 2 inhibitors.

A mild strategy for visible-light-induced synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes was developed using aromatic aldehydes and indole as substrates. This reaction could be performed at room temperature under catalyst- and additive-free conditions to synthesize a series of bis(indolyl)methanes in good to excellent yields. In addition, all synthesized bis(indolyl)methanes together with β-substituted indole derivatives synthesized according to our previous work, were evaluated for their inhibitory effect against human carboxylesterase (CES1 and CES2).

Role of Quercetin in Modulating Chloride Transport in the Intestine.

Epithelial chloride channels provide the pathways for fluid secretion in the intestine. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) are the main chloride channels in the luminal membrane of enterocytes. These transmembrane proteins play important roles in many physiological processes.

Shikonin Inhibits Intestinal Calcium-Activated Chloride Channels and Prevents Rotaviral Diarrhea.

Secretory diarrhea remains a global health burden and causes major mortality in children. There have been some focuses on antidiarrheal therapies that may reduce fluid losses and intestinal motility in diarrheal diseases. In the present study, we identified shikonin as an inhibitor of TMEM16A chloride channel activity using cell-based fluorescent-quenching assay.

The Limited Impact of Exposure Duration on Holistic Word Processing.

The current study explored the impact of stimuli exposure duration on holistic word processing measured by the complete composite paradigm (CPc paradigm). The participants were asked to match the cued target parts of two characters which were presented for either a long (600 ms) or a short duration (170 ms). They were also tested by two popular versions of the CPc paradigm: the "early-fixed" task where the attention cue was visible from the beginning of each trial at a fixed position, and the "delayed-random" task where the cue showed up after the study character at random locations.

Influences of Head Motion Regression on High-Frequency Oscillation Amplitudes of Resting-State fMRI Signals.

High-frequency oscillations (HFOs, >0.1 Hz) of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) signals have received much attention in recent years. Denoising is critical for HFO studies.

Subjective Stress, Salivary Cortisol, and Electrophysiological Responses to Psychological Stress.

The present study aimed to investigate the subjective stress, salivary cortisol, and electrophysiological responses to psychological stress induced by a modified version of a mental arithmetic task. Fifteen participants were asked to estimate whether the multiplication product of two-decimal numbers was above 10 or not either with a time limit (the stress condition) or without a time limit (the control condition). The results showed that participants reported higher levels of stress, anxiety, and negative affect in the stress condition than they did in the control condition.

N170 Changes Show Identifiable Chinese Characters Compete Primarily with Faces Rather than Houses.

Character processing is a crucial cognitive skill that is highly emphasized and industriously cultivated in contemporary society. In the present study, using a competition paradigm, we examined the electrophysiological correlates of different relationships between Chinese characters and faces and between Chinese characters and houses during early visual processing. We observed that identifiable Chinese characters compete primarily with faces rather than houses at an early visual processing stage, with a significantly reduced N170 for faces but not for houses, when they were viewed concurrently with identifiable characters relative to when they were viewed concurrently with unidentifiable characters.

Modulation of Chloride Channel Functions by the Plant Lignan Compounds Kobusin and Eudesmin.

Plant lignans are diphenolic compounds widely present in vegetables, fruits, and grains. These compounds have been demonstrated to have protective effect against cancer, hypertension and diabetes. In the present study, we showed that two lignan compounds, kobusin and eudesmin, isolated from Magnoliae Flos, could modulate intestinal chloride transport mediated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs).

The influence of element type and crossed relation on the difficulty of chunk decomposition.

Chunk decomposition is an aspect of problem solving that involves decomposing a pattern into its component parts in order to regroup them into a new pattern. Previous work suggests that the primary source of difficulty in chunk decomposition is whether a problem's solution requires removing a part that is a meaningful perceptual pattern (termed a chunk) or not (a non-chunk). However, the role of spatial overlap (crossed relation or not) has been ignored in this line of research.

Linking brain electrical signals elicited by current outcomes with future risk decision-making.

The experience of current outcomes influences future decisions in various ways. The neural mechanism of this phenomenon may help to clarify the determinants of decision-making. In this study, thirty-nine young adults finished a risky gambling task by choosing between a high- and a low-risk option in each trial during electroencephalographic data collection.

Stimulation of Airway and Intestinal Mucosal Secretion by Natural Coumarin CFTR Activators.

Mutations of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cause lethal hereditary disease CF that involves extensive destruction and dysfunction of serous epithelium. Possible pharmacological therapy includes correction of defective intracellular processing and abnormal channel gating. In a previous study, we identified five natural coumarin potentiators of ΔF508-CFTR including osthole, imperatorin, isopsoralen, praeruptorin A, and scoparone.