Application of compound poisson model to estimate underreported risk of non-communicable diseases in underdeveloped areas.

Background: Hypertension and diabetes are major components of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with a substantial number of patients residing in underdeveloped areas. Limited medical resources in these areas often results in underreporting of disease prevalence, masking the true extent of diseases. Taking the underdeveloped Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in China as an example, this study aimed to correct the underreported prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes so as to provide inspiration for the allocation of medical resources in such areas.

Family-based improvement for health literacy among the Yi nationality (FAMILY) in Liangshan: protocol of an open cohort stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Improvement of health literacy constitutes a cornerstone to improving public health. However, the overall health literacy of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Liangshan Prefecture) in the southwest Sichuan Province of China has kept extremely low for a long time. How to improve health literacy of the Yi nationality residents is key to be urgently solved.

How to improve the COVID-19 health education strategy in impoverished regions: a pilot study.

Background: It is of great challenge to raise the public coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related health literacy (CRHL) in impoverished regions due to the limits of poor infrastructure, large proportion of vulnerable groups, etc. However, those limits cannot be solved in the short term. Therefore, this study chose Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, one of the poorest areas in China, as a pilot, to reveal the quantitative relationships among different dimensions under the COVID-19 health education framework, clarify the key points for health promotion, and provide specific suggestions for COVID-19 health education strategy in impoverished regions.

Analysis of death causes of residents in poverty-stricken Areas in 2020: take Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in China as an example.

Background: Continuous surveillance of death can measure health status of the population, reflect social development of a region, thus promote health service development in the region and improve the health level of local residents. Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture was a poverty-stricken region in Sichuan province, China. While at the end of 2020, as the announcement of its last seven former severely impoverished counties had shaken off poverty, Liangshan declared victory against poverty.

A New Strategy to Quantitatively Identify Hot-Spot Areas in Growth of New HIV Infections for Targeted Interventions.

Previous geographic studies of HIV infection have usually used prevalence data, which cannot indicate the hot-spot areas of current transmission. To develop quantitative analytic measures for accurately identifying hot-spot areas in growth of new HIV infection, we investigated the geographic distribution features of recent HIV infection and long-term HIV infection using data from a whole-population physical examination in four key counties in Liangshan prefecture, which are most severely affected by HIV in China. Through a whole-population physical examination during November 2017- June 2018 in the four key counties, a total of 5,555 HIV cases were diagnosed and 246 cases were classified as recently infected by laboratory HIV recency tests.

Coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic in impoverished area: Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture as an example.

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had spread worldwide. Although the world has intensively focused on the epidemic center during this period of time, it is imperative to emphasize that more attention should also be paid to some impoverished areas in China since they are more vulnerable to disease outbreak due to their weak health service capacities. Therefore, this study took Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture as an example to analyze the COVID-19 epidemic in the impoverished area, evaluate the control effect and explore future control strategies.

First Detection of a Circulating Recombinant Form of HIV-1 CRF01_AE/08_BC (CRF105_0108) with Drug-Resistant Mutations in Sichuan, China.

In this study, we identified a novel circulating recombinant form (CRF) of HIV (CRF105_0108) in a total of five patients with no obvious epidemiological linkage in Sichuan, China. Four strains were found in this study, and another strain (XC2014EU01) was reported in a previous study. The phylogenetic analysis of the five near full-length genomes showed that a CRF08_BC segment was inserted into the CRF01_AE backbone with one recombinant breakpoint in the region, which is the first HIV-1 CRF of CRF01_AE and CRF08_BC.

What factors hinder ethnic minority women in rural China from getting antenatal care? A retrospective data analysis.

Background: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is one of the main transmission routes of HIV, and the probability of MTCT can be dramatically reduced with comprehensive interventions. In southwest and western regions in China, the level of development in rural areas is relatively backwards and retains some original features, which also increases the difficulty of controlling infectious diseases. The Liangshan Prefecture started the prevention of MTCT programme in 2009.

Clan-involved approaches to increasing antenatal care use in a rural minority area of China: implementation research.

Aim: This study aimed to test a model which involved clans and health providers to increase antenatal care attendance in rural minority areas of China with high HIV prevalence.

Methods: Formative research was conducted to determine barriers and facilitators to antenatal care use. A strategy involving clans in addressing the barriers identified was developed.

Risk factors for HIV infection among 15 to 25-year-old rural unmarried Yi adolescents in an ethnic minority region of China.

We aimed to analyze factors related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among 15 to 25-year-old rural unmarried Yi adolescents in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture from 2011 to 2016, and to investigate the relationship among the HIV-related risk factors.Three sites (Butuo, Zhaojue, and Ganluo counties) with a Yi population were selected from 2011 to 2016 in Liangshan prefecture. We used questionnaires to investigate demographic and behavioral characteristics and performed HIV testing.

Analysis of HIV prevalence among pregnant women in Liangshan Prefecture, China, from 2009 to 2015.

Background: Yi people make up about 50% of the population in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, but accounted for 88.07% of new HIV cases in the prefecture from 2011 to 2013. This study evaluated HIV prevalence in pregnant women of Liangshan Prefecture using HIV sentinel surveillance (HSS) data over the period of 2009 to 2015.

Outcomes and factors associated with survival of patients with HIV/AIDS initiating antiretroviral treatment in Liangshan Prefecture, southwest of China: A retrospective cohort study from 2005 to 2013.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive cases have been reported among people who injected drugs in Liangshan Prefecture in southwest of China since 1995 and Liangshan has become one of the most seriously affected epidemic areas in China. In 2004, several patients with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) initiated antiretroviral treatment (ART) at the Central Hospital of Liangshan Prefecture. From 2005 to 2013, the number of patients receiving ART dramatically increased.

A mathematical modeling study of the HIV epidemics at two rural townships in the Liangshan Prefecture of the Sichuan Province of China.

Background: As a response to a severe HIV epidemic in the Liangshan Prefecture, one of the worst in China, population based HIV interventions, including two population-wide HIV screening, have been carried out since 2005 at two townships in a remote mountainous region of Liangshan. The objective of our mathematical modeling study is to assess the temporal dynamics of the HIV epidemic in the two townships based on the data collected in the study area during the period 2005-2010.

Methods: A mathematical model was set up to describe the population dynamics of HIV transmission in study area.

Gender and ethnic disparities of HIV and syphilis seroconversions in a 4-year cohort of injection drug users.

This study assessed gender and ethnic disparities of HIV and syphilis seroconversions in a cohort of injection drug users (IDUs) in Southwest China. A cohort of HIV-seronegative IDUs was followed up from November 2002 to January 2007. The average seroincidence for HIV and syphilis was 2.

[Drug resistance and associated factors on HIV in Liangshan prefecture, Sichuan province].

Objective: To investigate the HIV drug resistance among HIV/AIDS patients who had received highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAATR) in Liangshan prefecture and related factors.

Methods: This investigation was conducted from August to October 2010. Data on epidemiology, treatment, CD4(+) T cell, viral load and drug resistance tests were collected.