Exploring patient perspectives on EQ-5D-5L data visualization within an individualized decision aid for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in Alberta, Canada.

Background: Decision aids can help patients set realistic expectations. In this study, we explored alternative presentations to visualise patient-reported outcomes (EQ-5D-5L) data within an online, individualized patient decision aid for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) that, in part, generates individualized comparisons based on age, sex and body mass index, to enhance usability prior to implementation into routine clinical practice.

Methods: We used data visualization techniques to modify the presentation of EQ-5D-5L outcomes data within the decision aid.

Systemic interrogation of immune-oncology-related proteins in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation and intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

Purpose: The primary objective was to establish whether blood-based leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG1) can predict outcomes in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer undergoing androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and radiotherapy (RT) and to determine how it may relate to 92 immune-oncology (I-O)-related proteins in this setting.

Methods: Baseline blood level of LRG1 from patients treated with ADT and RT enrolled in the CuPCa (n = 128) and IMRT (n = 81) studies was measured using ELISA. A longitudinal cohort with matched blood samples from start of ADT, start of RT, and end of RT protocol from 47 patients from the IMRT cohort was used to establish levels of I-O proteins by high-multiplexing Proximal Extension Assay by Olink Proteomics.

A Scalar Approach to Vaccination Ethics.

Should people get vaccinated for the sake of others? What could ground-and limit-the normative claim that people ought to do so? In this paper, we propose a reasons-based consequentialist account of vaccination for the benefit of others. We outline eight harm-based and probabilistic factors that, we argue, give people moral reasons to get vaccinated. Instead of understanding other-directed vaccination in terms of binary moral duties (i.

Association between pregnancy-related complications and development of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in women: an umbrella review.

Background: Despite many systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining the associations of pregnancy complications with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension, previous umbrella reviews have only examined a single pregnancy complication. Here we have synthesised evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the associations of a wide range of pregnancy-related complications with risk of developing T2DM and hypertension.

Methods: Medline, Embase and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from inception until 26 September 2022 for systematic reviews and meta-analysis examining the association between pregnancy complications and risk of T2DM and hypertension.

Spatial confidence regions for combinations of excursion sets in image analysis.

The analysis of excursion sets in imaging data is essential to a wide range of scientific disciplines such as neuroimaging, climatology, and cosmology. Despite growing literature, there is little published concerning the comparison of processes that have been sampled across the same spatial region but which reflect different study conditions. Given a set of asymptotically Gaussian random fields, each corresponding to a sample acquired for a different study condition, this work aims to provide confidence statements about the intersection, or union, of the excursion sets across all fields.

FEMA: Fast and efficient mixed-effects algorithm for large sample whole-brain imaging data.

The linear mixed-effects model (LME) is a versatile approach to account for dependence among observations. Many large-scale neuroimaging datasets with complex designs have increased the need for LME; however LME has seldom been used in whole-brain imaging analyses due to its heavy computational requirements. In this paper, we introduce a fast and efficient mixed-effects algorithm (FEMA) that makes whole-brain vertex-wise, voxel-wise, and connectome-wide LME analyses in large samples possible.

Exploring Technology's Influence on Health Behaviours and Well-being in Type 1 Diabetes: a Review.

Purpose Of Review: Maintaining positive health behaviours promotes better health outcomes for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, implementing these behaviours may also lead to additional management burdens and challenges. Diabetes technologies, including continuous glucose monitoring systems, automated insulin delivery systems, and digital platforms, are being rapidly developed and widely used to reduce these burdens.

Dementia risk factors in former contact sports participants: prospective cohort study.

Background: The elevated dementia incidence in retired contact sport participants might be explained by a higher prevalence of established risk factors for the disease relative to the general population.

Methods: In this cohort study, former elite participants active between 1920 and 1965 in soccer (N=303), boxing (N=281), and wrestling (N=318) were recruited using sports yearbooks and records of sports associations. Men in a population control group were identified using records from a compulsory medical examination (N=1712).

Microglial inflammation in genome instability: A neurodegenerative perspective.

The maintenance of genome stability is crucial for cell homeostasis and tissue integrity. Numerous human neuropathologies display chronic inflammation in the central nervous system, set against a backdrop of genome instability, implying a close interplay between the DNA damage and immune responses in the context of neurological disease. Dissecting the molecular mechanisms of this crosstalk is essential for holistic understanding of neuroinflammatory pathways in genome instability disorders.

DNA Methylation-Based Assessment of Cell Composition in Human Pancreas and Islets.

Assessment of pancreas cell type composition is crucial to the understanding of the genesis of diabetes. Current approaches use immunodetection of protein markers, for example, insulin as a marker of β-cells. A major limitation of these methods is that protein content varies in physiological and pathological conditions, complicating the extrapolation to actual cell number.

Text mining for contexts and relationships in cancer genomics literature.

Motivation: Scientific advances build on the findings of existing research. The 2001 publication of the human genome has led to the production of huge volumes of literature exploring the context-specific functions and interactions of genes. Technology is needed to perform large-scale text mining of research papers to extract the reported actions of genes in specific experimental contexts and cell states, such as cancer, thereby facilitating the design of new therapeutic strategies.

A common NFKB1 variant detected through antibody analysis in UK Biobank predicts risk of infection and allergy.

Infectious agents contribute significantly to the global burden of diseases through both acute infection and their chronic sequelae. We leveraged the UK Biobank to identify genetic loci that influence humoral immune response to multiple infections. From 45 genome-wide association studies in 9,611 participants from UK Biobank, we identified NFKB1 as a locus associated with quantitative antibody responses to multiple pathogens, including those from the herpes, retro-, and polyoma-virus families.

[Progress and practice of objective measurement of physical behaviors in large-scale cohort research].

Due to the limited reliability of traditional self-completed questionnaire, the accuracy of measurement of physical behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep) is not high. With the development of technology, wearable devices (e.g.

Omentum-derived matrix enables the study of metastatic ovarian cancer and stromal cell functions in a physiologically relevant environment.

High-grade serous (HGS) ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological disease in the world and metastases is a major cause. The omentum is the preferential metastatic site in HGS ovarian cancer patients and models that recapitulate the original environment of this organ at cellular and molecular level are being developed to study basic mechanisms that underpin this disease. The tumour extracellular matrix (ECM) plays active roles in HGS ovarian cancer pathology and response to therapy.

A Ten-Year Real-Life Experience with Pazopanib in Uterine Leyomiosarcoma in Two High-Specialized Centers in Italy: Effectiveness and Safety.

Background: Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is characterized by aggressive behavior associated with a high risk of relapse and mortality. Several therapeutic agents have been employed in the treatment of metastatic disease, with a poor objective response rate. Pazopanib, approved in 2012, is a multi-targeted, orally active small molecule that exerts its effects by inhibiting several tyrosine kinases.

Extracellular Matrix Orchestration of Tissue Remodeling in the Chronically Inflamed Mouse Colon.

Background & Aims: Chronic inflammatory illnesses are debilitating and recurrent conditions associated with significant comorbidities, including an increased risk of developing cancer. Extensive tissue remodeling is a hallmark of such illnesses, and is both a consequence and a mediator of disease progression. Despite previous characterization of epithelial and stromal remodeling during inflammatory bowel disease, a complete understanding of its impact on disease progression is lacking.

Prospective study design and data analysis in UK Biobank.

Population-based prospective studies, such as UK Biobank, are valuable for generating and testing hypotheses about the potential causes of human disease. We describe how UK Biobank's study design, data access policies, and approaches to statistical analysis can help to minimize error and improve the interpretability of research findings, with implications for other population-based prospective studies being established worldwide.

Evening Chronotypes With Depression Report Poorer Outcomes of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: A Survey-Based Study of Self-Ratings.

Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that evening chronotype is related to poorer efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. It is unknown whether this is specific to particular medications, self-rated chronotype, or efficacy.

Methods: In the Australian Genetics of Depression Study (n = 15,108; 75% women; 18-90 years; 68% with ≥1 other lifetime diagnosis), a survey recorded experiences with 10 antidepressants, and the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire was used to estimate chronotype.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on prescription stimulant use among children and youth: a population-based study.

COVID-19 associated public health measures and school closures exacerbated symptoms in some children and youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Less well understood is how the pandemic influenced patterns of prescription stimulant use. We conducted a population-based study of stimulant dispensing to children and youth ≤ 24 years old between January 1, 2013, and June 30, 2022.