Gestational high fat diet protects 3xTg offspring from memory impairments, synaptic dysfunction, and brain pathology.

Maternal history for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) predisposes the offspring to the disease later in life. However, the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are still unknown. Lifestyle and nutrition can directly modulate susceptibility to AD.

Computed tomography angiography is not accurate in predicting surgical prosthetic aortic valve implant size.

Background: Multidetector computed tomography is vital in preoperative sizing for transcatheter aortic valve replacement. The purpose of this study is to determine whether preoperative transcatheter aortic valve replacement multidetector computed tomography accurately predicts surgical aortic valve prosthesis size.

Methods: Between July 2012 and July 2017, 102 patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement had preoperative aortic valve sizing by multidetector computed tomography.

Myocardial Strain and Cardiac Output are Preferable Measurements for Cardiac Dysfunction and Can Predict Mortality in Septic Mice.

Background Sepsis is the overwhelming host response to infection leading to shock and multiple organ dysfunction. Cardiovascular complications greatly increase sepsis-associated mortality. Although murine models are routinely used for preclinical studies, the benefit of using genetically engineered mice in sepsis is countered by discrepancies between human and mouse sepsis pathophysiology.

RW-2018-Research Workshop: The Effect of Nutrition on Epigenetic Status, Growth, and Health.

The goal of the 2018 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) Research Workshop was to explore the influence of nutrition and dietary exposure to xenobiotics on the epigenome during critical periods in development and how these exposures influence both disease incidence and severity transgenerationally. A growing compendium of research indicates that the incidence and severity of common and costly human diseases may be influenced by dietary exposures and deficiencies that modify the epigenome. The greatest periods of vulnerability to these exposures are the periconception period and early childhood.

Nearly complete deletion of BubR1 causes microcephaly through shortened mitosis and massive cell death.

BUB-related 1 (BubR1) encoded by Budding Uninhibited by Benzimidazole 1B (BUB1B) is a crucial mitotic checkpoint protein ensuring proper segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. Mutations of BUB1B are responsible for mosaic variegated aneuploidy (MVA), a human congenital disorder characterized by extensive abnormalities in chromosome number. Although microcephaly is a prominent feature of MVA carrying the BUB1B mutation, how BubR1 deficiency disturbs neural progenitor proliferation and neuronal output and leads to microcephaly is unknown.

Poly(ADP-ribosylated) proteins in β-amyloid peptide-stimulated microglial cells.

Amyloid-treated microglia prime and sustain neuroinflammatory processes in the central nervous system activating different signalling pathways inside the cells. Since a key role for PARP-1 has been demonstrated in inflammation and in neurodegeneration, we investigated PARylated proteins in resting and in β-amyloid peptide treated BV2 microglial cells. A total of 1158 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry with 117 specifically modified in the amyloid-treated cells.

Towards a Fuller Assessment of Gastric Motility in Patients With Upper GI Dyspepsia: Time to Accommodate!

There is increasing recognition of the importance of assessing patients with unexplained upper gastrointestinal symptoms for impaired gastric accommodation. New therapeutic approaches to treat impaired accommodation are being developed. This increasing interest in diagnosing and treating impaired gastric accommodation emphasizes the need to have a clinically available method to measure the gastric accommodation response.

Risk of Coronary Events 55 Years after Thymic Irradiation in the Hempelmann Cohort.

Background: Studies of cancer survivors treated with older radiotherapy (RT) techniques (pre-1990s) strongly suggest that ionizing radiation to the chest increases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Our goal was to evaluate the impact of more modern cardiac shielding techniques of RT on the magnitude and timing of CHD risk by studying a cohort exposed to similar levels of cardiac irradiation years ago.

Methods: Between 2004 and 2008, we re-established a population-based, longitudinal cohort of 2,657 subjects exposed to irradiation for an enlarged thymus during infancy between 1926 and 1957 and 4,388 of their non-irradiated siblings.

ovine model for teaching open laryngotracheal surgery.

Objective: To develop an animal model for teaching open laryngotracheal surgical procedures.

Methods: The heads and necks from 5 pre-pubescent sheep were harvested after humane anesthesia. After 2-5 days to allow for rigor mortis to resolve, a specimen was supported with sandbags on an operating table.

Safety Considerations in Prescription of NSAIDs for Musculoskeletal Pain: A Narrative Review.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently prescribed for the treatment of painful musculoskeletal conditions. When prescribing oral NSAIDs, clinicians must consider coexisting cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, gastrointestinal, and renal disease because oral NSAIDs are associated with a broad spectrum of adverse effects on these systems. The different safety profiles of NSAIDs can be attributed to differences in the extent to which the drug inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-1 vs -2 and their potential for drug-drug interactions.

Devising a Method to Study if Wernicke's Aphasia Patients are Aware That They Do Not Comprehend Language or Speak It Understandably.

Wernicke's Aphasia (WA) is characterized by an individual speaking fluent gibberish without the ability to understand anything that is said to them or anything they attempt to read. It is caused by damage to the left posterior temporoparietal cortex, also known as Wernicke's area. An additional intriguing symptom of WA patients is their apparent obliviousness to their own lack of understanding despite their intact reasoning or other cognitive abilities.

Dissecting the Role of 5-Lipoxygenase in the Homocysteine-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Pathology.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects over 40 million patients around the world and poses a huge economic burden on society since no effective therapy is available yet. While the cause(s) for the most common sporadic form of the disease are still obscure, lifestyle and different environmental factors have emerged as modulators of AD susceptibility. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY), a condition of high circulating levels of homocysteine, is an independent but modifiable risk factor for AD.

Extra-virgin olive oil ameliorates cognition and neuropathology of the 3xTg mice: role of autophagy.

Objective: Consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a major component of the Mediterranean diet, has been associated with reduced incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms involved in this protective action remain to be fully elucidated.

Methods: Herein, we investigated the effect of daily consumption of EVOO on the AD-like phenotype of a mouse mode of the disease with plaques and tangles.

Ossicular Bone Damage and Hearing Loss in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Correlated Functional and High Resolution Morphometric Study in Collagen-Induced Arthritic Mice.

Globally, a body of comparative case-control studies suggests that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are more prone to developing hearing loss (HL). However, experimental evidence that supports this hypothesis is still lacking because the human auditory organ is not readily accessible. The aim of this study was to determine the association between bone damage to the ossicles of the middle ear and HL, using a widely accepted murine model of collagen-induced arthritis (RA mice).