Distribution of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Placental Tissues of Maternal and Fetal Origin in Exposed Wistar Rats and Associations with Thyroid Hormone Levels.

In utero exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) is linked to adverse pregnancy and fetal health outcomes, including altered thyroid hormone (TH) levels. Despite their phase out, PBDEs are still commonly detected in newborn cord blood. While PBDEs can cross the placenta, few studies have separately assessed PBDEs or THs in the maternal and fetal placental tissues.

Esrra regulates Rplp1-mediated translation of lysosome proteins suppressed in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and reversed by alternate day fasting.

Objective: Currently, little is known about the mechanism(s) regulating global and specific protein translation during metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH; previously known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH).

Methods: Unbiased label-free quantitative proteome, puromycin-labelling and polysome profiling were used to understand protein translation activity in vitro and in vivo.

Results: We observed a global decrease in protein translation during lipotoxicity in human primary hepatocytes, mouse hepatic AML12 cells, and livers from a dietary mouse model of MASH.

Estrogen receptor-related receptor (Esrra) induces ribosomal protein Rplp1-mediated adaptive hepatic translation during prolonged starvation.

Protein translation is an energy-intensive ribosome-driven process that is reduced during nutrient scarcity to conserve cellular resources. During prolonged starvation, cells selectively translate specific proteins to enhance their survival (adaptive translation); however, this process is poorly understood. Accordingly, we analyzed protein translation and mRNA transcription by multiple methods and to investigate adaptive hepatic translation during starvation.

Perceived plausibility modulates hippocampal activity in episodic counterfactual thinking.

Episodic counterfactual thinking (ECT) consists of imagining alternative outcomes to past personal events. Previous research has shown that ECT shares common neural substrates with episodic future thinking (EFT): our ability to imagine possible future events. Both ECT and EFT have been shown to critically depend on the hippocampus, and past research has explored hippocampal engagement as a function of the perceived plausibility of an imagined future event.

Toward an integrative account of internal and external determinants of event segmentation.

Our daily experiences unfold continuously, but we remember them as a series of discrete events through a process called event segmentation. Prominent theories of event segmentation suggest that event boundaries in memory are triggered by significant shifts in the external environment, such as a change in one's physical surroundings. In this review, we argue for a fundamental extension of this research field to also encompass internal state changes as playing a key role in structuring event memory.

Target detection does not influence temporal memory.

Target detection has been found to enhance memory for concurrently presented stimuli under dual-task conditions. This "attentional boost effect" is reminiscent of findings in the event memory literature, where conditions giving rise to event boundaries have been shown to enhance memory for boundary items. Target detection commonly requires a working memory update (e.

Brominated flame retardants and legacy organochlorines in archived human placenta samples: Sex differences, temporal analysis and associations with infant birth weight.

Perinatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been suggested to play a role in the etiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study evaluated temporal changes in the accumulation of several classes of POPs, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and several organochlorine pesticides in human placenta and examined their associations with birth outcomes at delivery. Placental tissues (n = 99) previously collected and archived at the Duke University Medical Center from 2009 to 2015 were analyzed for 22 POPs using gas chromatography mass spectrometry.

Neural differences between internal and external episodic counterfactual thoughts.

Episodic counterfactual thoughts (eCFT) consist of imagining alternative outcomes to past experiences. A common sub-class of eCFT- eCFT-involves imagining how past negative experiences could have been , either because one could have done something differently (internal) or because something about the circumstances could have been different (external). Although previous neuroimaging research has shown that the brain's default mode network (DMN) supports upward eCFT, it is unclear how it is differentially recruited during internal versus external upward eCFT.

Conserved function of Drosophila Fancd2 monoubiquitination in response to double-strand DNA breaks.

Fanconi anemia genes play key roles in metazoan DNA damage responses, and human FA mutations cause numerous disease phenotypes. In human cells, activating monoubiquitination of the Fanconi anemia protein Fancd2 occurs following diverse DNA damage stimuli. Monoubiquitinated Fancd2 forms nuclear foci to recruit additional repair factors.

Sex-specific Disruption of the Prairie Vole Hypothalamus by Developmental Exposure to a Flame Retardant Mixture.

Prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) with social deficits is conspicuously rising, particularly in boys. Flame retardants (FRs) have long been associated with increased risk, and prior work by us and others in multiple species has shown that developmental exposure to the common FR mixture Firemaster 550 (FM 550) sex-specifically alters socioemotional behaviors including anxiety and pair bond formation. In rats, FRs have also been shown to impair aspects of osmoregulation.

Applying Behavioral Economics to Improve Adolescent and Young Adult Health: A Developmentally-Sensitive Approach.

Each day, adolescents and young adults (AYAs) choose to engage in behaviors that impact their current and future health. Behavioral economics represents an innovative lens through which to explore decision-making among AYAs. Behavioral economics outlines a diverse set of phenomena that influence decision-making and can be leveraged to develop interventions that may support behavior change.

Perinatal exposure to FireMaster® 550 (FM550), brominated or organophosphate flame retardants produces sex and compound specific effects on adult Wistar rat socioemotional behavior.

Firemaster 550 (FM550) is a flame retardant (FR) mixture that has become one of the most commonly used FRs in household items such as foam-based furniture and baby products. Because this mixture readily leaches from products, contamination of the environment and human tissues is widespread. Prior work by us and others has reported sex-specific behavioral deficits in rodents and zebrafish following early life exposure.

Proteasome Inhibition in Brassica napus Roots Increases Amino Acid Synthesis to Offset Reduced Proteolysis.

Cellular homeostasis is maintained by the proteasomal degradation of regulatory and misfolded proteins, which sustains the amino acid pool. Although proteasomes alleviate stress by removing damaged proteins, mounting evidence indicates that severe stress caused by salt, metal(oids), and some pathogens can impair the proteasome. However, the consequences of proteasome inhibition in plants are not well understood and even less is known about how its malfunctioning alters metabolic activities.

Sex-specific effects of perinatal FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) exposure on socioemotional behavior in prairie voles.

The rapidly rising incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders with social deficits is raising concern that developmental exposure to environmental contaminants may be contributory. Firemaster 550 (FM 550) is one of the most prevalent flame-retardant (FR) mixtures used in foam-based furniture and baby products and contains both brominated and organophosphate components. We and others have published evidence of developmental neurotoxicity and sex specific effects of FM 550 on anxiety-like and exploratory behaviors.

PBDEs Concentrate in the Fetal Portion of the Placenta: Implications for Thyroid Hormone Dysregulation.

During pregnancy, the supply of thyroid hormone (TH) to the fetus is critically important for fetal growth, neural development, metabolism, and maintenance of pregnancy. Additionally, in cases where maternal and placental TH regulation is significantly altered, there is an increased risk of several adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is unclear what may be disrupting placental TH regulation; however, studies suggest that environmental contaminants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), could be playing a role.

Correction to: DNA copy number evolution in Drosophila cell lines.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported the following errors.

Exercise inhibits tumor growth and central carbon metabolism in patient-derived xenograft models of colorectal cancer.

Background: While self-reported exercise is associated with a reduction in the risk of recurrence in colorectal cancer, the molecular mechanisms underpinning this relationship are unknown. Furthermore, the effect of exercise on intratumoral metabolic processes has not been investigated in detail in human cancers. In our current study, we generated six colorectal patient patient-derived xenografts (CRC PDXs) models and treated each PDX to voluntary wheel running (exercise) for 6-8 weeks or no exposure to the wheel (control).

Xylem functioning, dysfunction and repair: a physical perspective and implications for phloem transport.

Xylem and phloem are the two main conveyance systems in plants allowing exchanges of water and carbohydrates between roots and leaves. While each system has been studied in isolation for well over a century, the coupling and coordination between them remains the subject of inquiry and active research and frames the scope of the review here. Using a set of balance equations, hazards of bubble formation and their role in shaping xylem pressure and its corollary impact on phloem pressure and sugar transport are featured.

Ranking Coal Ash Materials for Their Potential to Leach Arsenic and Selenium: Relative Importance of Ash Chemistry and Site Biogeochemistry.

The chemical composition of coal ash is highly heterogeneous and dependent on the origin of the source coal, combustion parameters, and type and configuration of air pollution control devices. This heterogeneity results in uncertainty in the evaluation of leaching potential of contaminants from coal ash. The goal of this work was to identify whether a single leaching protocol could roughly group high-leaching potential coal ash from low-leaching potential coal ash, with respect to arsenic (As) and selenium (Se).

Thyroid hormone receptor and ERRα coordinately regulate mitochondrial fission, mitophagy, biogenesis, and function.

Thyroid hormone receptor β1 (THRB1) and estrogen-related receptor α (ESRRA; also known as ERRα) both play important roles in mitochondrial activity. To understand their potential interactions, we performed transcriptome and ChIP-seq analyses and found that many genes that were co-regulated by both THRB1 and ESRRA were involved in mitochondrial metabolic pathways. These included oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and β-oxidation of fatty acids.

mTOR coordinates transcriptional programs and mitochondrial metabolism of activated T subsets to protect tissue homeostasis.

Regulatory T (T) cells derived from the thymus (tT) and periphery (pT) have central and distinct functions in immunosuppression, but mechanisms for the generation and activation of T subsets in vivo are unclear. Here, we show that mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) unexpectedly supports the homeostasis and functional activation of tT and pT cells. mTOR signaling is crucial for programming activated T-cell function to protect immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis.

Nutrient exports from watersheds with varying septic system densities in the North Carolina Piedmont.

Septic systems (SSs) have been shown to be a significant source of nitrogen and phosphorus to nutrient-sensitive coastal surface and groundwaters. However, few published studies have quantified the effects of SSs on nutrient inputs to water supply watersheds in the Piedmont region of the USA. This region consists of rolling hills at the surface underlain by clayey soils.

The cholesterol metabolite 27 hydroxycholesterol facilitates breast cancer metastasis through its actions on immune cells.

Obesity and elevated circulating cholesterol are risk factors for breast cancer recurrence, while the use of statins, cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors widely used for treating hypercholesterolemia, is associated with improved disease-free survival. Here, we show that cholesterol mediates the metastatic effects of a high-fat diet via its oxysterol metabolite, 27-hydroxycholesterol. Ablation or inhibition of CYP27A1, the enzyme responsible for the rate-limiting step in 27-hydroxycholesterol biosynthesis, significantly reduces metastasis in relevant animal models of cancer.

Harmonizing lipidomics: NIST interlaboratory comparison exercise for lipidomics using SRM 1950-Metabolites in Frozen Human Plasma.

As the lipidomics field continues to advance, self-evaluation within the community is critical. Here, we performed an interlaboratory comparison exercise for lipidomics using Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1950-Metabolites in Frozen Human Plasma, a commercially available reference material. The interlaboratory study comprised 31 diverse laboratories, with each laboratory using a different lipidomics workflow.

Size-resolved particle measurements of polybrominated diphenyl ethers indoors: Implications for sources and human exposure.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardant polymer additives that are widely detected in outdoor and indoor environments. Release of PBDEs from consumer products leads to high concentrations indoors, but mechanisms of release are poorly understood. Although ingestion of dust is a well-studied indoor PBDE exposure route, the importance of inhalation exposure is uncertain.