Can Clinical Outcomes Be Improved, and Inpatient Length of Stay Reduced for Adults With Diabetes? A Systematic Review.

Aim: To examine the efficacy of clinical practice strategies in improving clinical outcomes and reducing length of hospital stay for inpatients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

Background: People living with diabetes are at increased risk of being admitted to hospital and to stay in hospital longer than those who do not have the condition. Diabetes and its complications cause substantial economic loss to those living with the condition, their families, to health systems and national economies through direct medical costs and loss of work and wages.

Effect of intensified training on cognitive function, psychological state & performance in trained cyclists.

Athletes often undertake intensified training loads prior to competition with the goal of functionally overreaching for temporary performance enhancement; however, little is known about the impact of this on cognitive function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intensified training induced fatigue on cognitive function, psychological state and performance in trained cyclists. Twenty-three trained male cyclists were randomly assigned to an intensified training group or a control group for two-weeks, followed by a two-week taper period.

Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Friction Drilling with 6082-T6 Aluminium Alloy.

Friction drilling is a non-conventional hole-making process suitable for thin-section, ductile metals. During friction drilling, heat is generated due to tool rotation and the resulting flow of metal creates a bushing on the exit side of the hole. The bushing offers a longer engagement length for any subsequent thread making process.

Effects of Cycling Intensity on Acute Signaling Adaptations to 8-weeks Concurrent Training in Trained Cyclists.

This study examined whether the intensity of endurance stimuli modifies the adaptation in strength and endurance following concurrent training and whether the acute molecular response to concurrent exercise is affected by training status. Using a parallel group design, trained cyclists were randomized to either resistance exercise followed by moderate intensity continuous training (RES + MICT, = 6), or resistance exercise followed by work matched high intensity interval training (RES + HIIT, = 7), across an 8 weeks training programme. A single RES + MICT or RES + HIIT exercise stimulus was completed 1 week before and within 5 days of completing the training programme, to assess phosphorylation of protein kinases of the mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways.

Improving Data Glove Accuracy and Usability Using a Neural Network When Measuring Finger Joint Range of Motion.

Data gloves capable of measuring finger joint kinematics can provide objective range of motion information useful for clinical hand assessment and rehabilitation. Data glove sensors are strategically placed over specific finger joints to detect movement of the wearers' hand. The construction of the sensors used in a data glove, the number of sensors used, and their positioning on each finger joint are influenced by the intended use case.

Clinical and operational insights from data-driven care pathway mapping: a systematic review.

Background: Accumulated electronic data from a wide variety of clinical settings has been processed using a range of informatics methods to determine the sequence of care activities experienced by patients. The "as is" or "de facto" care pathways derived can be analysed together with other data to yield clinical and operational information. It seems likely that the needs of both health systems and patients will lead to increasing application of such analyses.

Detrimental effects on executive function and mood following consecutive days of repeated high-intensity sprint interval exercise in trained male sports players.

Intensified periods of competition are common in many team sports, potentially leading to increased fatigue and reduced performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of repeated high-intensity sprint interval exercise on cognitive function, mood and perceptions of energy and fatigue. Twenty-four trained rugby players completed multiple bouts of repeated sprints across two consecutive days.

Role and Function of the Clinical Tutor in Mental Health Nursing in Ireland.

The clinical tutor (CT) in mental health nursing is a role aimed at supporting the learning needs of mental health nursing students undertaking a 12-month post-registration programme. This paper aims to examine the role of the clinical tutor in mental health nursing in Ireland by describing the experience of nursing students and key service stakeholders. A qualitative descriptive design was employed using focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews.

Review of Wearable Devices and Data Collection Considerations for Connected Health.

Wearable sensor technology has gradually extended its usability into a wide range of well-known applications. Wearable sensors can typically assess and quantify the wearer's physiology and are commonly employed for human activity detection and quantified self-assessment. Wearable sensors are increasingly utilised to monitor patient health, rapidly assist with disease diagnosis, and help predict and often improve patient outcomes.

Ultrasound Sensors for Process Monitoring in Injection Moulding.

Injection moulding is an extremely important industrial process, being one of the most commonly-used plastic formation techniques. However, the industry faces many current challenges associated with demands for greater product customisation, higher precision and, most urgently, a shift towards more sustainable materials and processing. Accurate real-time sensing of the material and part properties during processing is key to achieving rapid process optimisation and set-up, reducing down-times, and reducing waste material and energy in the production of defective products.

Music Tempo: A Tool for Regulating Walking Cadence and Physical Activity Intensity in Overweight Adults?

This study investigated if music tempo can prompt a desired walking cadence, and if music can provide a stimulus to regulate physical activity intensity in a longitudinal physical activity intervention with free-living adults. Overweight adults ( = 37; 94.26 ± 17.

Athletes' and Coaches' Perceptions of Nutritional Advice: Eating More Food for Health and Performance.

Background: Low energy availability results in physiological adaptations which contribute to unfavourable health outcomes. Little information exists on perceptions of nutritional advice to eat more food to maintain health and enhance performance. The aim of this study was to explore athletes' and coaches' perceptions towards advice to athletes to eat larger than their current quantities of food and to explore how nutritionists could deliver this advice.

The Effects of Powered Exoskeleton Gait Training on Cardiovascular Function and Gait Performance: A Systematic Review.

Patients with neurological impairments often experience physical deconditioning, resulting in reduced fitness and health. Powered exoskeleton training may be a successful method to combat physical deconditioning and its comorbidities, providing patients with a valuable and novel experience. This systematic review aimed to conduct a search of relevant literature, to examine the effects of powered exoskeleton training on cardiovascular function and gait performance.

Aerobic exercise intensity does not affect the anabolic signaling following resistance exercise in endurance athletes.

This study examined whether intensity of endurance stimulus within a concurrent training paradigm influenced the phosphorylation of signaling proteins associated with the mTOR and AMPK networks. Eight male cyclists completed (1) resistance exercise (RES), 6 × 8 squats at 80% 1-RM; (2) resistance exercise and moderate intensity cycling of 40 min at 65% V̇O, (RES + MIC); (3) resistance exercise and high intensity interval cycling of 40 min with 6 alternating 3 min intervals of 85 and 45% V̇O (RES + HIIC), in a cross-over design. Muscle biopsies were collected at rest and 3 h post-RES.

The Sleep and Recovery Practices of Athletes.

Background: Athletes maintain a balance between stress and recovery and adopt recovery modalities that manage fatigue and enhance recovery and performance. Optimal TST is subject to individual variance. However, 7-9 h sleep is recommended for adults, while elite athletes may require more quality sleep than non-athletes.

Validity of a Novel Research-Grade Physical Activity and Sleep Monitor for Continuous Remote Patient Monitoring.

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, Remote Patient Monitoring technologies are highly important for clinicians and researchers. These connected-health technologies enable monitoring of patients and facilitate remote clinical trial research while reducing the potential for the spread of the novel coronavirus. There is a growing requirement for monitoring of the full 24 h spectrum of behaviours with a single research-grade sensor.

Measuring Spinal Mobility Using an Inertial Measurement Unit System: A Reliability Study in Axial Spondyloarthritis.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the reliability of wearable inertial motion unit (IMU) sensors in measuring spinal range of motion under supervised and unsupervised conditions in both laboratory and ambulatory settings. A secondary aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability of composite IMU metrology scores (IMU-ASMI (Amb)). Forty people with axSpA participated in this clinical measurement study.

Review of Wearable Sensor-Based Health Monitoring Glove Devices for Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Early detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and other neurological conditions is vital for effective treatment. Existing methods of detecting RA rely on observation, questionnaires, and physical measurement, each with their own weaknesses. Pharmaceutical medications and procedures aim to reduce the debilitating effect, preventing the progression of the illness and bringing the condition into remission.

Reliability and Validity of Clinically Accessible Smart Glove Technologies to Measure Joint Range of Motion.

Capturi ng hand motions for hand function evaluations is essential in the medical field. For many allied health professionals, measuring joint range of motion (ROM) is an important skill. While the universal goniometer (UG) is the most used clinical tool for measuring joint ROM, developments in current sensor technology are providing clinicians with more measurement possibilities than ever.

The effect of custom-fitted compression garments worn overnight for recovery from judo training in elite athletes.

This study investigated the effects of custom-fitted compression garments (CG) worn during recovery over a multi-day training camp in elite judo players (judoka). A single blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out in 11 elite judoka, using a two-way crossover design. Two three-day training camps were completed in CG and placebo conditions in a random order.

Factors influencing hospital conveyance following ambulance attendance for people with diabetes: A retrospective observational study.

Aim: To assess variables contributing to hospital conveyance for people with diabetes and the interactions between them. A secondary aim was to generate hypotheses for further research into interventions that might reduce avoidable hospital admissions.

Methods: A national retrospective data set including 30 999 diabetes-related callouts from the Scottish Ambulance Service was utilized covering a 5-year period between 2013 and 2017.

Novel determination of Cd and Zn in soil extract by sequential application of bismuth and gallium thin films at a modified screen-printed carbon electrode.

This study describes a novel electrochemical technique for the detection of bioavailable cadmium(II) (Cd) and zinc(II) (Zn), in real soil samples. This was made possible by the sequential deposition of bismuth and gallium thin films on modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPEs). A range of graphitic modifications were evaluated, and a reduced graphene oxide/graphitic carbon nitride (RGO/g-CN) modification proved most suitable.