Cost-effectiveness analysis of introducing universal human papillomavirus vaccination of girls aged 11 years into the National Immunization Program in Brazil.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact and cost-effectiveness of introducing universal human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination into the National Immunization Program (NIP) in Brazil.

Methods: The Excel-based CERVIVAC decision support model was used to compare two strategies: (1) status quo (with current screening program) and (2) vaccination of a cohort of 11-year-old girls. National parameters for the epidemiology and costs of cervical cancer were estimated in depth.

p16(INK4a) Expression does not predict the outcome of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2.

Spontaneous regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) lesions has been recognized since 1955, but predictors of this are poorly understood. Among the predictive markers studied, p16(INK4a) has been suggested to be of some value in monitoring the diagnosis of CIN2. In this clinical trial, 90 Brazilian women, diagnosed to CIN2 and high-risk human papillomavirus infection, were randomized into two groups of equal size: 45 women whose lesions were excised and 45 women subjected to prospective follow-up at 3-month intervals at least for 1 year (mean 6.

The usefulness of ovarian volume, antral follicle count and age as predictors of menopausal status.

Objective: To compare the accuracy of ovarian volume, antral follicle count and age in predicting menopausal status in healthy women.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was set in the Gynecology Division at the Leonor Mendes de Barros Maternity Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. The subjects of this study were premenopausal (n = 121) and postmenopausal (n = 71) healthy women aged between 40 and 55 years.

Ovarian volume, age, and menopausal status.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to verify whether ovarian volume differs according to chronological age and menopausal status in healthy women and to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of ovarian volume alone and ovarian volume associated with age in predicting menopausal status.

Design: The participants in this study were premenopausal (n = 121) and postmenopausal (n = 71) women between 40 and 55 years of age who were interviewed about social, demographic, and medical conditions. These women underwent transvaginal ultrasound to determine ovarian volume.