Education Research: Utilization of Simulation in Residency Programs: A Survey of Adult Neurology Residency Program Directors.

Background And Objectives: Previous research has demonstrated that simulation-based medical education (SBME) can improve neurology trainees' confidence, knowledge, and competence. However, a general needs assessment and review of current SBME used within neurology are needed to guide SBME curriculum development. The objective of this study was to describe the current use of SBME in resident education and to assess perceived barriers to expanding SBME interventions.

Risk reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection conferred by humoral antibody levels among essential workers during Omicron predominance.

The extent to which semi-quantitative antibody levels confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in populations with heterogenous immune histories is unclear. Two nested case-control studies were designed within the multisite HEROES/RECOVER prospective cohort of frontline workers to study the relationship between antibody levels and protection against first-time post-vaccination infection and reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 from December 2021 to January 2023. All participants submitted weekly nasal swabs for rRT-PCR testing and blood samples quarterly and following infection or vaccination.

Impact of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis on the diagnostic and intraoperative management of papillary thyroid cancer.

Background: Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is an autoimmune thyroid disorder and the most common cause of hypothyroidism in women. Many studies suggest that chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis contributes to a diagnostic challenge in thyroid nodules and may increase the risk of developing papillary thyroid cancer. This study examines preoperative clinical factors and tumor characteristics associated with papillary thyroid cancer among patients with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.

Percutaneous coil embolization of a post-traumatic left anterior descending coronary artery pseudoaneurysm: a case report.

Background: Coronary artery pseudoaneurysm (PSA) is a rare occurrence linked to percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs), infection, or chest trauma, lacking established management guidelines due to its low incidence.

Case Summary: A 78-year-old male with a medical history of triple vessel disease, post coronary artery bypass grafting, heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, presented with intractable left-sided chest pain following a mechanical fall. The initial workup was positive for mildly elevated high-sensitivity troponin and brain natriuretic peptide raising suspicion for a pulmonary embolism; but chest computed tomography angiography revealed an enlarging pericardial haematoma.

Rethinking how mobile units can catalyze progress on lung cancer screening: a scoping review of what we have learned.

Background: Despite United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations, low uptake of lung cancer screening (LCS) highlights the need for measures to promote adoption. This scoping review aims to outline the global landscape of mobile low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) platforms, summarizing research and evaluating efficacy in screening at-risk populations.

Methods: We comprehensively searched Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published between 2017 and 2023.

Menstruation: An Important Indicator for Assessing Stroke Risk and Its Outcomes.

In recent years, stroke incidence in older adults has declined strikingly, but stroke in younger women has become more common. Abnormalities of menstruation, the shedding of the uterine lining at the beginning of each menstrual cycle, may offer clues about stroke risk in young and midlife women. Endometrial and structural uterine abnormalities are associated with anemia and may be associated with hypercoagulability, possibly increasing stroke risk.

Plastic Surgery Contributions to the World Wars: Historical Foundations for Modern Craniofacial Techniques.

Introduction: Plastic surgery played a crucial role during the World Wars. Surgeons dedicated their careers to reconstructing facial injuries and residual deformities incurred during combat. Times of unprecedented trauma led to rapid innovation in plastic surgery, with invaluable impact on practice today.

Anti-integrin αvβ6 Autoantibodies are Increased in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Patients With Concomitant Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Correlate With Liver Disease Severity.

Background & Aims: Anti-integrin αvβ6 autoantibodies (anti-αvβ6) are found in more than 50% of individuals with ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-αvβ6 in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and their association with liver disease severity.

Methods: Four cohorts of pre-liver transplant patients with PSC were recruited.

ctDNA in the reading room: A guide for radiologists.

Liquid biopsy with sequencing of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a minimally invasive method for sampling body fluids and offers a promising alternative to tissue biopsies that involve greater risks, costs, and time. ctDNA not only identifies actionable targets by revealing unique molecular signatures in cancer, but also may assess treatment response, treatment resistance and progression, and recurrence. Imaging correlates of these applications are already being identified and utilized for various solid tumors.

Good Friends and Good Neighbors: Social Capital and Food Insecurity in Families with Newborns.

Objective: To examine the association between social capital and household food insecurity among US families with newborns.

Study Design: This cross-sectional analysis used enrollment data from 881 newborn-caregiver dyads at 6 geographically-diverse US academic sites enrolled in the Greenlight Plus Trial, a comparative effectiveness trial to prevent childhood obesity. Ordinal proportional-odds models were used to characterize the associations of 2 self-reported measures of social capital: (1) caregiver social support and (2) neighborhood social cohesion, with household food insecurity after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics.

Implementing a global mentoring program: A call to action for mentorship in surgery.

Background: The Gender Equity Initiative in Global Surgery organization launched a mentorship program to address the limited opportunities available in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to evaluate the utility of the virtual program in bridging this critical gap.

Methods: A retrospective review of program surveys containing quantitative and qualitative questions from 2022 to 2023 was performed.

The Systemic Effect of Ischemia Training and Its Impact on Bone Marrow-Derived Monocytes.

Objective: Monocytes are innate immune cells that play a central role in inflammation, an essential component during neovascularization. Our recent publication demonstrated that ischemia training by 24 h unilateral occlusion of the femoral artery (FA) can modify bone marrow-derived monocytes (BM-Mono), allowing them to improve collateral remodeling in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. Here, we expand on our previous findings, investigating a potential systemic effect of ischemia training and how this training can impact BM-Mono.

Using noninvasive imaging to assess manual lymphatic drainage on lymphatic/venous responses in a spaceflight analog.

This retrospective case series (clinicaltrials.gov NCT06405282) used noninvasive imaging devices (NIID) to assess the effect of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) on dermal/venous fluid distribution, perfusion, and temperature alterations of the head, neck, upper torso, and legs while in the 6-degree head-down tilt validated spaceflight analog. A lymphatic fluid scanner measured tissue dielectric constant levels.