Acceptability and Feasibility of Implementing a Home-Based HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Program in an Urban Clinic.

Personal and structural barriers to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care result in its underutilization and premature discontinuation. A home-based PrEP program comprised of telemedicine visits and/or self-administered lab testing may address some of these barriers. Our objective was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of a home-based PrEP program among stakeholders at an urban HIV and primary care clinic.

Association between iron deficiency anemia and severe maternal morbidity: A retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: We examined the association between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and severe maternal morbidity (SMM) during delivery and up to 1-year postpartum.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort study across 3 states, we computed adjusted relative risks (aRR) for SMM comparing individuals with IDA versus those without, using modified Poisson regression models.

Results: Among 2459,106 individuals, 10.

Firearm-related Hospitalizations and Newly Acquired Morbidities in Children and Adolescents: A Nationally Representative Study.

Background: Firearm injury is the leading cause of pediatric death in the United States (US), but few investigations have focused on the healthcare cost and burden of hospitalized survivors. We aimed to delineate the landscape of pediatric firearm hospitalizations, with a focus on sociodemographic characteristics and on acquired morbidity among survivors.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized children (<21 years old) with firearm injuries using the 2019 Kids' Inpatient Database, representing 80% of pediatric hospitalizations nationally.

Do relationships between ambient temperature and serious adverse health outcomes vary among users of different antidiabetes drugs? A retrospective cohort study of US Medicaid beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Prior studies demonstrate that some untoward clinical outcomes vary by outdoor temperature. This is true of some endpoints common among persons with diabetes, a population vulnerable to climate change-associated health risks. Yet, prior work has been agnostic to the antidiabetes drugs taken by such persons.

Active Choice Nudge to Increase Screening for Primary Aldosteronism in At-Risk Patients.

Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension, yet screening remains startlingly infrequent. We describe (1) PA screening practices in a large, diverse health system, (2) the development of a computable phenotype for PA screening, and (3) the design and pilot deployment of an electronic health record (EHR)-based active choice nudge to recommend PA screening.

Study Design: A multidisciplinary team developed a multipronged intervention to improve PA screening informed by guidelines, expertise, and multivariable analyses of factors associated with screening.

Development and testing of a resuscitation-specific measure of organizational culture for resuscitation teams.

Background: The organizational culture (shared beliefs, perceptions, and values) of teams informs their behaviours and practices. Little is known about organizational culture for resuscitation teams. Our objective was to develop a reliable and valid resuscitation-specific organizational culture instrument (ROCI) with the goal of improving team performance.

Trends in severe maternal morbidity following an institutional team goal strategy for disparity reduction.

Background: Racial disparities in maternal pregnancy outcomes, specifically in morbidity and mortality, are persistent in the U.S., and a multifaceted approach to mitigating these disparate outcomes is critical.

Increasing expenditures on home- and community-based services: Do home care workers benefit?

Objective: To examine the association of Medicaid home- and community-based services (HCBS) expenditures on the home care workforce.

Data Sources/study Setting: We use two national, secondary data sources from 2008 to 2019: state-level Medicaid HCBS expenditures and the American Community Survey, in which we identify direct care workers in the home (i.e.

A study of implementation factors for a novel approach to clinical trials: constructs for consideration in the coordination of direct-to-patient online-based medical research.

Background: Traditional medical research infrastructures relying on the Centers of Excellence (CoE) model (an infrastructure or shared facility providing high standards of research excellence and resources to advance scientific knowledge) are often limited by geographic reach regarding patient accessibility, presenting challenges for study recruitment and accrual. Thus, the development of novel, patient-centered (PC) strategies (e.g.

Associations Between Dry Eye Disease and Mental Health Conditions in the All of Us Research Program.

Purpose: To determine the association between dry eye disease (DED) and mental health conditions in a sociodemographically diverse nationwide population of Americans.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: We used the National Institute of Health's All of Us Research Program database to identify 18257 participants with DED who were propensity score matched in a 1:3 ratio to participants without DED.

Nationwide Availability of and Enrollment in Medicare and Medicaid Dual-Eligible Special Needs Plans With Exclusively Aligned Enrollment.

Importance: In 2021, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services designated a new category of dual-eligible special needs plans (D-SNPs) with exclusively aligned enrollment (receive Medicare and Medicaid benefits through the same plan or affiliated plans within the same organization).

Objective: To assess the availability of and enrollment in D-SNPs with exclusively aligned enrollment and to compare the characteristics of beneficiaries enrolled in D-SNPs with exclusively aligned enrollment available vs beneficiaries without such enrollment available.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Full-benefit beneficiaries enrolled in D-SNPs for 6 months or longer in 2021 or 2022.

Barriers to and facilitators of physical activity in pediatric pulmonary hypertension.

Therapeutic exercise has not been widely adopted in pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH), despite adult data supporting its safety and efficacy. While physical limitations may prevent children with PH from participating in physical activity, other barriers to and facilitators of physical activity are unknown. Youth ages 8-18 years with World Symposium of PH diagnostic Groups 1-4, functional class I or II, and ambulatory status were prospectively enrolled in a cross-sectional study including separate 30-min participant and caregiver interviews regarding attitudes toward physical activity and a proposed exercise intervention in pediatric PH.

AGREE II Evaluation of Clinical Practice Guidelines on Generalized Cancer Pain Management.

Purpose: While several clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) exist to guide clinical decision-making in patients with generalized cancer pain, to date there has been no comprehensive review of their quality. Our aim was to address this deficiency via the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) tool.

Design: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline-based systematic literature search followed by AGREE II appraisal of identified CPGs.

Addressing burnout among nurses of color: Key priorities and calls for action.

Nursing burnout remains a public health crisis. However, few stakeholders have considered the disproportionate toll of burnout among nurses of color, including nurses identifying as Black, Hispanic/Latino, or Native American. We convened a one-day conference, titled Solutions to Health Inequities and Nurses' Emotional Exhaustion (SHINE), to begin identifying contributing factors and solutions to burnout amongst nurses of color.