Implementation, barriers, solving strategies and future perspectives of reimbursed community pharmacy services - a nationwide survey for community pharmacies in Germany.

Background: Since June 2022, the legal framework has been created for German community pharmacies to offer their patients five reimbursed community pharmacy services that go beyond the current operating regulations. However, little is known about barriers that hinder their implementation. We therefore aimed to investigate the implementation of reimbursed community pharmacy services (i), barriers to the implementation (ii), solving strategies to overcome the barriers (iii), and future perspectives (iv).

Attitudes and Experiences of Patients Regarding Gender-Specific Aspects of Pain Management.

Background: Biological, pharmacological, and socio-cultural aspects influence gender-specific effects in pain management.

Methods: Gender-specific aspects of pain management were assessed in a rural outpatient center via semi-structured patient interview: (i) general gender aspects (total population) from 1 = "fully disagree" to 5 = "fully agree"; and (ii) individual pain (matched pairs) via numeric analog scale (NAS) from 0 = "no pain" to 10 = "maximum pain". Patient charts were assessed for pain management (WHO-ladder).

Ethical conflicts in patient care situations of community pharmacists: a cross-sectional online survey.

Background: Community pharmacy practice is rarely considered in ethical research, although various ethical conflicts are known for this setting. Data on the actual frequency and perceived burden of ethical conflicts occurring in the community pharmacy setting are required.

Aim: The survey aimed at investigating the frequency and perceived burden of ethical conflicts, reasons for the perceived burden and influences on decision-making in ethical conflicts in German community pharmacists.

The impact of a child's inborn error of metabolism: the parents' perspectives on restrictions, discrimination, family planning, and emergency management.

Background: To investigate the impact of children's inborn error of metabolism (IEMs) on the children's and their parents' lives from the parents' perspective. We focused on disease-related restrictions in various issues of daily life, experienced discrimination, parental family planning, and management of metabolic emergencies.

Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey with 108 parents of 119 children with IEM who attended a metabolic outpatient clinic.

Drug-Drug Interactions Involving High-Alert Medications that Lead to Interaction-Associated Symptoms in Pediatric Intensive Care Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Children treated in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) often receive several drugs together, among them drugs defined as high-alert medications (HAMs). Those drugs carry a high risk of causing patient harm, for example, due to a higher potential for interactions. HAMs should therefore be administered with caution, especially in a PICU.

Early identification and awareness of child abuse and neglect among physicians and teachers.

Background: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) causes enormous suffering for those affected.

Objective: The study investigated the current state of knowledge concerning the recognition of CAN and protocols for suspected cases amongst physicians and teachers.

Methods: In a pilot study conducted in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania from May 2020 to June 2021, we invited teachers and physicians working with children to complete an online questionnaire containing mainly multiple-choice-questions.

A newly developed algorithm for switching outpatient medications to medications listed in the hospital formulary: a prospective real-word evaluation in patients admitted electively to hospital.

Purpose: In many countries, outpatient and inpatient care are separated. During hospitalization, therefore, switching the outpatient medication to medication of the hospital formulary is required.

Methods: We newly designed a switching algorithm in six switching steps (S0-S5) and conducted a study at Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg (300 beds, 80% civilians).

A comprehensive study of prescribing, administering and drug handling medication errors in ten wards of a university hospital after implementation of electronic prescribing, clinical pharmacists or medication reconciliation.

Medication errors lead to preventable risks. Preventing strategies such as e-prescribing, clinical pharmacists and medication reconciliation have been implemented in recent years. However, information on long-term medication error rates in routine procedures is missing.

Patients' Use of a Standardized Medication List - A Mixed Methods Study.

Purpose: A medication list (ML) is a document listing the patient's entire medication, instructions for use, and indications. In Germany, a national standard was established in 2016 by law. However, data on patients' use of this standardized ML are scarce.

A prospective intervention study to identify drug-related emergency department visits comparing a standard care group and a pharmaceutical care group.

Background And Importance: Adverse drug reactions impose a major burden. Those adverse drug reactions might lead to hospitalization but are often not correctly identified in the emergency department (ED). Clinical pharmacists, although not routinely implemented, can help identify adverse drug reactions.

An Observational Study to Identify Drug-related Problems (DRP) in Routine Care and An Expert Panel Assessment to Rate Clinical Risk and Preventability by Unit-dose Dispensing Systems (UDDS) with Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) and Clinical Decision-Support Systems (CDSS).

Drug-related problems (DRP) jeopardize patient safety. Unit-dose dispensing systems (UDDS) with computerized-physician-order-entry (CPOE) and clinical-decision-support-systems (CDSS) were reported as a promising concept for preventing DRP. We aimed at identifying and categorizing DRP in peroral drug administration considering their clinical risk and preventability by UDSS/CPOE/CDSS.

Avoiding incompatible drug pairs in central-venous catheters of patients receiving critical care: an algorithm-based analysis and a staff survey.

Purpose: In a critical care setting, we aimed to identify and solve physico-chemical drug incompatibilities in central-venous catheters considering the staffs' knowledge and assumptions about incompatibilities.

Methods: (i) After positive ethical vote, an algorithm to identify incompatibilities was developed and applied. The algorithm was based on KIK database and Stabilis database, the drug label, and Trissel textbook.

Self-care and self-medication as central components of healthcare in Germany - on the way to evidence-based pharmacy.

In Germany, self-care is, above all interpreted as the prevention and treatment of minor injuries and illnesses by the patients themselves - that is, without a physician's prescription or medical advice. Maintaining one's health in the sense of a preventive approach through non-medicinal measures also plays an important role. Self-medication in this context is the treatment with approved over-the-counter-(OTC)-medications.

Assessment of Patients' Views on Drug Benefits and Risks: An Interview Study with Cardiovascular Patients.

Better and balanced information strategies supporting cardiovascular patients' adherence are required. Cardiovascular drugs have outstanding morbidity and mortality benefits. This can be counteracted by patients' perceptions of risks.

Knowledge and attitudes towards epilepsy: A survey of people with epilepsy.

Problem: Many studies focus on knowledge and attitudes of unaffected people towards epilepsy and people with epilepsy (PWE). The perspective of PWE themselves is much less explored.

Methods: We invited PWE in Germany to answer a questionnaire on their knowledge and attitudes towards epilepsy and PWE.