Oxygen consumption, effort, and weaning in the mechanically ventilated patient in the intensive care unit: The extubate study: A protocol for an observational study.

Purpose: The spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) is often performed to determine whether the patient can be extubated with a minimal risk of failure. The rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) is an important parameter used in an SBT. However, weaning failure rates are between 15 and 20 %.

Pandemic driven preoperative moderate hypofractionated radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcomas.

Purpose: Moderate hypofractionation was adopted to reduce hospital visits during the COVID-19 pandemic aiming to maintain treatment efficacy for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients, shifting preoperative schedules from 25 fractions of 2 Gy to 14-15 fractions of 3 Gy. This study evaluates the clinical implications and outcomes of this schedule, focusing on wound complications, radiation toxicity, local tumour control, and distant metastases.

Patients And Methods: Data was collected from patients treated between 01 and 01-2020 and 31-12-2023.

eHealth literacy in the general population: a cross-sectional study in China.

Background: eHealth literacy (eHL) is positively associated with health-related behaviors and outcomes. Previous eHL studies primarily collected data from online users and seldom focused on the general population in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Additionally, knowledge about factors that affect eHL is limited.

Multidimensional profiling of cancer microenvironments in FFPE tissues by imaging mass cytometry.

In recent years, significant advancements have been achieved in the development of multiplex imaging methodologies for immunophenotyping, enabling a comprehensive characterization of the complexity of tumor microenvironments. Imaging mass cytometry combines the detection of over 40 cellular targets with spatial information, enabling the identification of not only which cells are present in a tissue but also their localization relative to each other. Here, we present an easy-to-implement imaging mass cytometry workflow that ranges from antibody selection and testing to running a full panel.

Regulatory workshop on standardisation of clinical procedures, endpoints and data robustness of human challenge studies - A stakeholder meeting report.

Inno4Vac, a public-private partnership funded by the IMI2/EU/EFPIA Joint Undertaking (IMI2 JU), brings together academic institutions, SMEs, and pharmaceutical companies to accelerate and de-risk vaccine development. The project has made significant strides in the selection and production of challenge agents for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and toxigenic Clostridioides difficile for controlled human infection model studies (CHIMs). A regulatory workshop held on March 20, 2024, addressed the standardisation of clinical procedures, ethical considerations, endpoints, and data integrity, highlighting the ongoing initiatives related to these CHIMs.

Development and Validation of a Minimally Invasive Transuterine Experimental Model of Gastroschisis.

Introduction: Perinatal management of gastroschisis remains a subject of substantial research. Current models, including teratogenic, genetic, and surgical approaches, often fail to accurately replicate gastroschisis, exhibiting limitations such as inaccurate phenotyping, low success rates, high mortality, lack of scientific validation, and significant technical challenges. Refined disease models are essential for improving the understanding of GS.

Red blood cell transfusions in neonatal intensive care units: a nationwide observational cohort study.

Objective: To describe the use and nationwide variation of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) following the introduction of the revised national transfusion guideline in 2019.

Design And Patients: We randomly selected neonates born below 32 weeks' gestation admitted to any NICU in the Netherlands in 2020 to include in our retrospective observational cohort study.

Main Outcome Measures: Main outcome measures were the number of neonates receiving at least one transfusion, and the number of transfusions per transfused neonate.

Multi-omics analysis in inclusion body myositis identifies mir-16 responsible for HLA overexpression.

Background: Inclusion Body Myositis is an acquired muscle disease. Its pathogenesis is unclear due to the co-existence of inflammation, muscle degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction. We aimed to provide a more advanced understanding of the disease by combining multi-omics analysis with prior knowledge.

Development of autonomic innervation at the venous pole of the heart: bridging the gap from mice to human.

Background: Prenatal development of autonomic innervation of sinus venosus-related structures might be related to atrial arrhythmias later in life. Most of the pioneering studies providing embryological background are conducted in animal models. To date, a detailed comparison with the human cardiac autonomic nervous system (cANS) is lacking.

Opportunities and limitations of B cell depletion approaches in SLE.

B cell depletion with rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody that selectively targets B cells by binding CD20, has been used off label in severe and resistant systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for over two decades. Several biological mechanisms limit the efficacy of rituximab, including immunological reactions towards the chimeric molecule, increased numbers of residual B cells, including plasmablasts and plasma cells, and a post-treatment surge in B cell-activating factor (BAFF) levels. Consequently, rituximab induces remission in only a proportion of patients, and safety issues limit its use.

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Psilocin After Psilocybin Administration: A Systematic Review and Post-Hoc Analysis.

Background And Objective: Psilocybin is currently being extensively studied as a potential therapeutic agent for multiple psychiatric disorders. Here, a systematic literature review of all published pharmacokinetic data on the pharmacologically active metabolite of psilocybin, psilocin, is presented.

Methods: The review includes clinical studies that reported pharmacokinetic data and/or parameters after psilocybin administration in humans.

Investigating socioeconomic disparities in prescribing new diabetes medications in individuals with type 2 diabetes and very high cardiovascular risk in the Netherlands.

Aims: This study aims to analyze prescription patterns of new diabetes medication and assess socioeconomic disparities in their initiation among individuals with T2DM with very high cardiovascular risk.

Methods: Individuals diagnosed with T2DM and very high cardiovascular risk were identified (N = 10,768) based on general practitioner's electronic health record data. SGLT-2is and GLP-1RAs prescription patterns were examined.

Analysis of the social-epistemological dimensions of a Clinical Teaching Unit and Small Private Online Course compared to a traditional clerkship Internal Medicine.

Clinical workplace learning is often suboptimal due to the dynamics of the clinical learning environment and several challenges encountered in clinical practice. At LUMC, clinical teachers introduced a novel blended learning program that included both the introduction of a Clinical Teaching Unit (CTU) and Small Private Online Course (SPOC). This study aimed to analyze the educational content and design of our educational interventions, by categorizing and comparing the dimensions of the learning program before and after the interventions.

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy: the importance of biventricular strain in risk-stratification.

Despite arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) being predominantly a right ventricular (RV) disease, concomitant left ventricular (LV) involvement has been recognized. ARVC is diagnosed by the RV-centric 2010 Task Force Criteria(TFC) using routine echocardiography, but previous studies have suggested that strain imaging may be more sensitive to detect RV and LV dysfunction. No data however are available regarding the additional value of combining biventricular strain for risk stratification.

Albendazole-ivermectin co-formulation for the treatment of Trichuris trichiura and other soil-transmitted helminths: a randomised phase 2/3 trial.

Background: Treatments for soil-transmitted helminthiases face challenges, especially in addressing Trichuris trichiura. Combination regimens, particularly of ivermectin and albendazole, are promising. We aimed to assess the safety, efficacy, and palatability of a combination tablet for the treatment of T trichiura, hookworm, and Strongyloides stercoralis infections among school-aged children in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Mozambique.

Evaluating Avacopan in the Treatment of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Design, Development and Positioning of Therapy.

Recently, avacopan has been approved for the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). Avacopan is an inhibitor of the C5a-receptor, which plays an important role in chemotaxis and the amplification loop of inflammation in AAV. In the most recent, international guidelines avacopan is recommended as steroid-sparing agents for the management of AAV.

Cancer vaccines compensate for the insufficient induction of protective tumor-specific immunity of CD3 bispecific antibody therapy.

Background: CD3 bispecific antibody (CD3 bsAb) therapy has become an established treatment modality for some cancer types and exploits endogenous T cells irrespective of their specificity. However, durable clinical responses are hampered by immune escape through loss of tumor target antigen expression. Induction of long-lasting tumor-specific immunity might therefore improve therapeutic efficacy, but has not been studied in detail yet for CD3 bsAbs.

Histopathological marks of tongue in a mouse model for oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy suggest biomechanical defects.

The tongue facilitates vital activities such as swallowing. Swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) are common in the elderly and in many adult-onset neuromuscular diseases. In oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), dysphagia is often the first symptom.

Evaluation of an interprofessional education program involving medical and pharmacy students: a mixed-method study.

Background: Effective pharmacotherapy requires strong collaboration between physicians and pharmacists, highlighting the need for interprofessional education (IPE) in university curricula. This study evaluated the impact of an IPE program on medical and pharmacy students, focusing on their perceived development of interprofessional collaborative competencies, perceived learning outcomes, and clinical collaboration perceptions.

Methods: A mixed-method approach was employed to evaluate an IPE program that consisted of three mandatory activities with increased complexity and autonomy, that were integrated into the medical and pharmacy students' curricula.

Cold exposure and thermoneutrality similarly reduce supraclavicular brown adipose tissue fat fraction in fasted young lean adults.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a metabolically highly active tissue that dissipates energy stored within its intracellular triglyceride droplets as heat. Others have previously utilized MRI to show that the fat fraction of human supraclavicular BAT (scBAT) decreases upon cold exposure, compared with baseline (i.e.

Unplanned Weight Loss and Sarcopenia Across Body Mass Index Categories in Nursing Homes-A Cross-Sectional Study.

: Nutritional risks in older adults, such as malnutrition and sarcopenia, are often underdiagnosed. Screening practices frequently rely on Unplanned Weight Loss (UPWL), potentially overlooking at-risk individuals. This study aims to assess the prevalence of nutritional risk, identified by UPWL and sarcopenia, across different body mass index categories in a nursing home (NH) population.

Conventional and Tropism-Modified High-Capacity Adenoviral Vectors Exhibit Similar Transduction Profiles in Human iPSC-Derived Retinal Organoids.

Viral vector delivery of gene therapy represents a promising approach for the treatment of numerous retinal diseases. Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) constitute the primary gene delivery platform; however, their limited cargo capacity restricts the delivery of several clinically relevant retinal genes. In this study, we explore the feasibility of employing high-capacity adenoviral vectors (HC-AdVs) as alternative delivery vehicles, which, with a capacity of up to 36 kb, can potentially accommodate all known retinal gene coding sequences.

Increased Prevalence of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Cancer Survivors: A Retrospective Matched Cross-sectional Study with Coronary CT Angiography.

Background: Cancer and cancer treatment may accelerate the development of cardiovascular disease. With the improved prognosis of cancer survivors, cardiovascular events are increasing in this patient group. However, it is unknown whether the prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis is increased in patients with a history of cancer.

Graph neural networks in histopathology: Emerging trends and future directions.

Histopathological analysis of whole slide images (WSIs) has seen a surge in the utilization of deep learning methods, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However, CNNs often fail to capture the intricate spatial dependencies inherent in WSIs. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) present a promising alternative, adept at directly modeling pairwise interactions and effectively discerning the topological tissue and cellular structures within WSIs.