The Clinical Significance of HLA Compatibility Scores in Lung Transplantation.

Lung transplantation is a life-saving therapeutic option for many chronic end-stage pulmonary diseases, but long-term survival may be limited by rejection of the transplanted organ. Since HLA disparity between donor and recipient plays a major role in rejection, we performed a single center, retrospective observational cohort analysis in our lung transplant cohort (n = 128) in which we calculated HLA compatibility scores for B-cell epitopes (HLAMatchmaker, HLA-EMMA), T-cell epitopes (PIRCHE-II) and missing self-induced NK cell activation (KIR Ligand Calculator). Adjusted Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the association between mismatched scores and time to development of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) post-transplant, time to first biopsy-proven acute rejection episode, freedom from CLAD, graft survival and overall survival.

Soil Microbiome Inoculation for Resilient and Multifunctional New Forests in Post-Agricultural Landscapes.

Afforestation is increasingly recognized as a critical strategy to restore ecosystems and enhance biodiversity on post-agricultural landscapes. However, agricultural legacies, such as altered soil structure, nutrient imbalances, and depleted microbial diversity, can slow down forest establishment or cause ecosystems to deviate from expected successional trajectories. In this opinion paper, we explore the potential of soil inoculations as a tool to overcome these challenges by introducing beneficial microbial communities that can accelerate ecosystem recovery and forest development.

Ideal outcome after pancreatic resection for neuroendocrine tumors: a nationwide study.

Background: Pancreatic resections for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) may experience a higher complication rate than for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study aimed to determine the rate of the novel composite "Ideal Outcome" measure after resection for pNET, using PDAC as reference.

Methods: This observational cohort study included all consecutive patients after pancreatic resection for pNET and PDAC using the nationwide Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Audit (2014-2021).

Screening instruments to detect problematic alcohol use among adults in hospitals and their diagnostic test accuracy: A systematic review.

Issues: Alcohol consumption can cause physical, psychological and social problems that can result in hospitalisations. Screening in hospitals helps to determine which patients should be given interventions. In this review, we aimed to summarise the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of screening instruments for problematic alcohol use among adults in hospitals.

Fibrinogen genotypes and their impact on recurrence of venous thromboembolism and family history: A prospective population-based study.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) involves blood clot formation in veins, resulting in serious health issues. Fibrinogen, a crucial clotting protein, consists of three polypeptides encoded by the fibrinogen genes: alpha (FGA), beta (FGB) and gamma (FGG). We genotyped most common missense variants in the fibrinogen genes in relation to VTE, recurrence and family history in Malmö Thrombophilia Study, including 1465 VTE patients followed for ~10 years and 429 healthy donors.

Clinical ischemia-reperfusion injury: Driven by reductive rather than oxidative stress? A narrative review.

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury remains a major contributor to organ dysfunction following transient ischemic insults. Although numerous interventions have been found effective to reduce IR injury in preclinical models, none of these therapies have been successfully translated to the clinical setting. In the context of the persistent translational gap, we systematically investigated the mechanisms implicated in IR injury using kidney donation and transplantation as a clinical model of IR.

The complexities of aeronautical transfer of acutely unwell neurosurgical patients.

Objective: Neurosurgical care is difficult to access in many scenarios. Aeromedical evacuation of acutely unwell neurosurgical patients from remote, isolated or poorly equipped locations can be considered. This article aims to provide a framework of logistical factors which deserve special consideration in the preparation of these patients for transfer.

Radiation decreases bronchial epithelial progenitor function as assessed by organoid formation.

Objective: Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a serious side-effect of radiotherapy for lung cancer, in which effects on the normal lung epithelium may play a key role. Since these effects are incompletely understood, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on cultured well-differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) with a focus on cytotoxicity, barrier formation, inflammation and epithelial progenitor function.

Materials And Methods: PBEC were cultured at the Air-Liquid Interface (ALI-PBEC) to allow mucociliary differentiation.

Optimising CPAP and oxygen levels to support spontaneous breathing in preterm rabbits.

Background: Very preterm infants often require respiratory support after birth with current recommendations suggesting the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 4-8 cmHO and an initial fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO) of 0.21-0.3.

HLA I immunopeptidome of synthetic long peptide pulsed human dendritic cells for therapeutic vaccine design.

Synthetic long peptides (SLPs) are a promising vaccine modality that exploit dendritic cells (DC) to treat chronic infections or cancer. Currently, the design of SLPs relies on in silico prediction and multifactorial T cells assays to determine which SLPs are best cross-presented on DC human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I). Furthermore, it is unknown how TLR ligand-based adjuvants affect DC cross-presentation.

Bioinoculant-induced plant resistance is modulated by interactions with resident soil microbes.

Background: Entomopathogenic fungi are increasingly used as bio-inoculants to enhance crop growth and resistance. When applied to rhizosphere soil, they interact with resident soil microbes, which can affect their ability to colonize and induce resistance in plants as well as modify the structure of the resident soil microbiome, either directly through interactions in the rhizosphere or indirectly, mediated by the plant. The extent to which such direct versus indirect interactions between bio-inoculants and soil microbes impact microbe-induced resistance in crops remains unclear.

Implementation of multidisciplinary team decisions on the management of complex bone and joint infections: an observational study.

Background: Multidisciplinary team (MDT) management of prosthetic joint infections (PJI) and other bone and joint infections (BJI) is increasingly put into practice. However, studies evaluating the performance of MDTs in this field are scarce. We aimed to assess our MDT for complex BJI by determining the implementation rate of team decisions, analyzing factors associated with non-implementation and evaluating the clinical outcome of patients in whom MDT decisions were not implemented.

Oxygen consumption, effort, and weaning in the mechanically ventilated patient in the intensive care unit: The extubate study: A protocol for an observational study.

Purpose: The spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) is often performed to determine whether the patient can be extubated with a minimal risk of failure. The rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) is an important parameter used in an SBT. However, weaning failure rates are between 15 and 20 %.

Unlocking the power of population health management to strengthen primary health care.

Population health management (PHM) is a people-centred, data-driven and proactive approach to improving the health and well-being of a defined population, considering the differences within that population and their social determinants of health. By using quantitative and qualitative data insights, PHM helps primary care providers identify population cohorts with similar needs or 'at risk' of a given negative outcome/s. This enables primary care providers to address their needs in a targeted, tailored, proactive and holistic way through coordination with other care levels and sectors.

Pandemic driven preoperative moderate hypofractionated radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcomas.

Purpose: Moderate hypofractionation was adopted to reduce hospital visits during the COVID-19 pandemic aiming to maintain treatment efficacy for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients, shifting preoperative schedules from 25 fractions of 2 Gy to 14-15 fractions of 3 Gy. This study evaluates the clinical implications and outcomes of this schedule, focusing on wound complications, radiation toxicity, local tumour control, and distant metastases.

Patients And Methods: Data was collected from patients treated between 01 and 01-2020 and 31-12-2023.

FadA antigen of Fusobacterium nucleatum: implications for ceRNA network in colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps progression.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The gut microbiota, along with adenomatous polyps (AP), has emerged as a plausible contributor to CRC progression. This study aimed to scrutinize the impact of the FadA antigen derived from Fusobacterium nucleatum on the expression levels of the ANXA2 ceRNA network and assess its relevance to CRC advancement.

Redefining diagnostic parameters: the role of overvaluation of shape and weight in binge-eating disorder: a systematic review.

Introduction: Overvaluation of shape and weight is a critical component in understanding and diagnosing eating disorders. While the transdiagnostic model states that overvaluation of shape and weight is the core pathology of all eating disorders, this concept is not a criterion for binge-eating disorder. The lack of recognition of overvaluation of shape and weight may lead to overlooking, and consequently failure to address this construct during treatment.

eHealth literacy in the general population: a cross-sectional study in China.

Background: eHealth literacy (eHL) is positively associated with health-related behaviors and outcomes. Previous eHL studies primarily collected data from online users and seldom focused on the general population in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Additionally, knowledge about factors that affect eHL is limited.

Outcome and complications in postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock treated with extracorporeal life support - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PCCS) in cardiac surgery is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Beside other therapeutic measures (e.g.

Diffuseness of coronary artery disease impacts on immediate hemodynamic and predicted clinical outcomes.

Diffuse coronary artery disease (CAD) impacts the immediate hemodynamic and clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We evaluated whether the diffuse pattern of CAD derived from angiographic Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) impacts the immediate hemodynamic outcome post-PCI and the medium term predicted vessel-oriented composite endpoint (VOCE). Paired pre-procedure QFRs were assessed in 503 patients and 1022 vessels in the Multivessel TALENT (MVT) trial.

Enhanced CH emissions from global wildfires likely due to undetected small fires.

Monitoring methane (CH) emissions from terrestrial ecosystems is essential for assessing the relative contributions of natural and anthropogenic factors leading to climate change and shaping global climate goals. Fires are a significant source of atmospheric CH, with the increasing frequency of megafires amplifying their impact. Global fire emissions exhibit large spatiotemporal variations, making the magnitude and dynamics difficult to characterize accurately.

Dual RNA sequencing of a co-culture model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and human 2D upper airway organoids.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium that is notorious for airway infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) subjects. Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) coordinates virulence factor expression and biofilm formation at population level. Better understanding of QS in the bacterium-host interaction is required.

Multidimensional profiling of cancer microenvironments in FFPE tissues by imaging mass cytometry.

In recent years, significant advancements have been achieved in the development of multiplex imaging methodologies for immunophenotyping, enabling a comprehensive characterization of the complexity of tumor microenvironments. Imaging mass cytometry combines the detection of over 40 cellular targets with spatial information, enabling the identification of not only which cells are present in a tissue but also their localization relative to each other. Here, we present an easy-to-implement imaging mass cytometry workflow that ranges from antibody selection and testing to running a full panel.

Ex vivo assessment of human neutrophil motility and migration.

Neutrophils are pivotal in orchestrating tumor-induced systemic inflammation and are increasingly recognized for their critical involvement in both the initiation and progression of cancer. A fundamental facet of neutrophil biology is their migratory capacity, which enables them to extravasate and infiltrate tumors in other tissues, where they carry out essential effector functions. Unraveling the intricate mechanisms of neutrophil motility and migration is crucial for comprehending immune responses and inflammatory processes, shedding light on their substantial contribution to cancer progression.

Regulatory workshop on standardisation of clinical procedures, endpoints and data robustness of human challenge studies - A stakeholder meeting report.

Inno4Vac, a public-private partnership funded by the IMI2/EU/EFPIA Joint Undertaking (IMI2 JU), brings together academic institutions, SMEs, and pharmaceutical companies to accelerate and de-risk vaccine development. The project has made significant strides in the selection and production of challenge agents for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and toxigenic Clostridioides difficile for controlled human infection model studies (CHIMs). A regulatory workshop held on March 20, 2024, addressed the standardisation of clinical procedures, ethical considerations, endpoints, and data integrity, highlighting the ongoing initiatives related to these CHIMs.