Obesity, walking pace and risk of severe COVID-19 and mortality: analysis of UK Biobank.

Obesity is an emerging risk factor for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Simple measures of physical fitness, such as self-reported walking pace, may also be important risk markers. This analysis includes 412,596 UK Biobank participants with linked COVID-19 data (median age at linkage = 68 years, obese = 24%, median number of comorbidities = 1).

Physical Activity after Cardiac EventS (PACES): a group education programme with subsequent text message support designed to increase physical activity in individuals with diagnosed coronary heart disease: a randomised controlled trial.

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of a low-cost pragmatic intervention (structured education and ongoing text message support) to increase daily physical activity in participants 12-48 months after a coronary heart disease cardiac event (myocardial infarction, angina or acute coronary syndrome) diagnosis.

Methods: A single-centre randomised controlled trial of 291 adults randomised to a structured education programme (n=145) or usual care (n=146). The programme consisted of two 2.

Rates and estimated cost of primary care consultations in people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and comorbidities: A retrospective analysis of 8.9 million consultations.

Aims: To determine whether telephone and face-to-face primary care consultation rates, costs, and temporal trends during 2000 to 2018 differed by the number of comorbidities in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods: A total of 120 409 adults with newly diagnosed T2DM between 2000 and 2018 were classified by the number of prevalent and incident comorbidities. Data on face-to-face and telephone primary care consultations with a nurse or physician were obtained.

Temporal trends in co-morbidities and cardiometabolic risk factors at the time of type 2 diabetes diagnosis in the UK.

Aim: To evaluate temporal patterns in co-morbidities, cardiometabolic risk factors and a high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk population at type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis by age groups and sex.

Materials And Methods: From the UK primary care database, 248,619 people with a new diagnosis of T2D during 2005-2016 were identified. Among people without ASCVD, high ASCVD risk was defined as two or more of current smoker, grade 2+ obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia or microvascular disease.

Development of an Interactive Lifestyle Programme for Adolescents at Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes: PRE-STARt.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing in young people. Reporting on the processes used when developing prevention interventions is needed. We present the development of a family-based interactive lifestyle intervention for adolescents with risk factors for T2D in the future.

Physical activity and risk of atrial fibrillation in the general population: meta-analysis of 23 cohort studies involving about 2 million participants.

Regular physical activity is well established to be associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease outcomes. Whether physical activity is associated with the future risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a controversy. Using a systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational cohort studies in general populations with at least one-year of follow-up, we aimed to evaluate the association between regular physical activity and the risk of AF.

Implementation and evaluation of a specialized diabetes clinic in Guinea-Bissau: lessons learnt from the field.

Introduction: diabetes care in Guinea-Bissau (GB) is characterized by a lack of properly trained healthcare professionals (HCPs) and guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow up of patients. To address these issues, this project was launched with the objective to train HCPs in the management of diabetic patients and establish a specialized diabetes clinic in the Hospital Nacional Simão Mendes, a public tertiary care hospital in Bissau, capital of GB. This project is led by the Geneva University Hospitals (HUG) in collaboration with the Swiss Association for the Aid to Diabetic People in Guinea-Bissau, with the support of the International Solidairty Office (SSI) of the State of Geneva, and AIDA (Ayuda, Intercambio y Desarrollo).

Association of Timing and Balance of Physical Activity and Rest/Sleep With Risk of COVID-19: A UK Biobank Study.

Behavioral lifestyle factors are associated with cardiometabolic disease and obesity, which are risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to investigate whether physical activity, and the timing and balance of physical activity and sleep/rest, were associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity and COVID-19 severity. Data from 91,248 UK Biobank participants with accelerometer data and complete covariate and linked COVID-19 data to July 19, 2020, were included.

Social inequality and the syndemic of chronic disease and COVID-19: county-level analysis in the USA.

Background: Given the effect of chronic diseases on risk of severe COVID-19 infection, the present pandemic may have a particularly profound impact on socially disadvantaged counties.

Methods: Counties in the USA were categorised into five groups by level of social vulnerability, using the Social Vulnerability Index (a widely used measure of social disadvantage) developed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The incidence and mortality from COVID-19, and the prevalence of major chronic conditions were calculated relative to the least vulnerable quintile using Poisson regression models.

Effectiveness of the Transformation model, a model of care that integrates diabetes services across primary, secondary and community care: A retrospective study.

Aims: The primary aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a model integrating diabetes services across primary, secondary and community care (Transformation model). The secondary aim was to understand whether changes resulted from the model.

Methods: The model was implemented In Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland (UK) across three clinical commissioning groups, the acute trust and accompanying stakeholders.

Methods for depicting overlap in overviews of systematic reviews: An introduction to static tabular and graphical displays.

Background And Objective: To introduce potential static tabular and graphical techniques for visually presenting overlap between systematic reviews (SRs) included in overviews of systematic reviews (OoSRs).

Methods: The graphical approaches described include Venn and Euler diagrams, as well as matrix-based, node-link, and aggregation-based techniques. We used fundamental concepts of mathematics from set and network theory to develop our novel graphical approaches.

In-shoe pressure thresholds for people with diabetes and neuropathy at risk of ulceration: A systematic review.

Introduction: In-shoe pressure thresholds play an increasingly important role in the prevention of diabetes-related foot ulceration (DFU). The evidence of their effectiveness, methodological consistency and scope for refinement are the subject of this review.

Methods: 1107 records were identified (after duplicate removal) based on a search of five databases for studies which applied a specific in-shoe pressure threshold to reduce the risk of ulceration.

Toe gaps and their assessment in footwear for people with diabetes: a narrative review.

Background: Adequate footwear fit is critical in preventing diabetes-related foot ulcers. One important element is the toe gap, the difference between foot length and internal footwear length available to the foot. We summarised the literature on toe gaps in studies assessing footwear worn by people with diabetes, the methods used to measure both foot length and internal footwear length and identify ambiguities which may impact on toe gap assessment in clinical practice, and suggest pragmatic solutions.

Effect of exercise on sleep and bi-directional associations with accelerometer-assessed physical activity in men with obesity.

This study examined the effect of exercise training on sleep duration and quality and bidirectional day-to-day relationships between physical activity (PA) and sleep. Fourteen inactive men with obesity (age: 49.2 ± 7.

Risk of cancer incidence and mortality associated with diabetes: A systematic review with trend analysis of 203 cohorts.

Aim: Whether the relative risk of cancer incidence and mortality associated with diabetes has changed over time is unknown.

Data Synthesis: On August 12th, 2020, we electronically searched for observational studies reporting on the association between diabetes and cancer. We estimated temporal trends in the relative risk of cancer incidence or mortality associated with diabetes and calculated the ratio of relative risk (RRR) comparing different periods.

Cardiovascular events and mortality in people with and without type 2 diabetes: An observational study in a contemporary multi-ethnic population.

Aims/introduction: The aim of this study was to examine ethnicity-specific associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of a cardiovascular disease (CVD) event as well as risk of specific CVD phenotypes in England.

Methods: We obtained data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink for adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed 2000-2006. The outcome was the first CVD event during 2007-2017 and the following components: aortic aneurysm, cerebrovascular accidents, heart failure, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease and other CVD-related conditions.

Recovery, restoration, and risk: a cross-sectional survey of the impact of COVID-19 on GPs in the first UK city to lock down.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted GPs immensely. Work patterns have changed, risk stratification has been proposed, and the mental health of clinicians has been adversely affected. The COVID-19 prevalence among GPs is unknown.

Improvements in Glycemic Control After Acute Moderate-Intensity Continuous or High-Intensity Interval Exercise Are Greater in South Asians Than White Europeans With Nondiabetic Hyperglycemia: A Randomized Crossover Study.

Objective: To examine whether circulating metabolic responses to low-volume high-intensity interval exercise (LV-HIIE) or continuous moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (CME) differ between white Europeans and South Asians with nondiabetic hyperglycemia (NDH).

Research Design And Methods: Thirteen white Europeans and 10 South Asians (combined median [interquartile range] age 67 [60-68] years, HbA 5.9% [5.

Reducing vitamin D requests in a primary care cohort: a quality improvement study.

Background: Since 2000, vitamin D requests have increased 2-6 fold with no evidence of a corresponding improvement in the health of the population. The ease of vitamin D requesting may contribue to the rapid rise in its demand and, hence, pragmatic interventions to reduce vitamin D test ordering are warranted.

Aim: To study the effect on vitamin D requests following a redesign of the electronic forms used in primary care.