Characterizing Methicillin-Resistant spp. and Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant in Cattle.

In the field of cattle medicine in Austria, to date, few studies have investigated the presence of methicillin-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing in Austria. For this reason, milk and nasal samples were examined for the presence of methicillin-resistant as well as fecal samples for extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant . The nasal and fecal swabs were collected during the veterinary treatment of calf pneumonia and calf diarrhea.

Endomicroscopic AI-driven morphochemical imaging and fs-laser ablation for selective tumor identification and selective tissue removal.

The rising incidence of head and neck cancer represents a serious global health challenge, requiring more accurate diagnosis and innovative surgical approaches. Multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy, combining coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), and second-harmonic generation (SHG) with deep learning-based analysis routines, offers label-free assessment of the tissue's morphochemical composition and allows early-stage and automatic detection of disease. For clinical intraoperative application, compact devices are required.

Beneficial Soil Fungus Kills Predatory Nematodes with Dehydropeptides Translocating into the Animal Gut.

is a mold fungus that has gained attention for its positive correlation with soil health, plant growth, and applications as a crop biocontrol agent to suppress the threats of nematode pests. To date, the mechanisms underlying the protective traits of against these plant parasites have remained elusive. Here we report that abundantly produced peptidic biosurfactants, malpinin A-D, exhibit robust inhibitory activity against nematodes.

Metamorphosis of a unicellular green alga in the presence of acetate and a spatially structured three-dimensional environment.

Photosynthetic protists, named microalgae, are key players in global primary production. The green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a well-studied model organism. In nature, it dwells in acetate-rich paddy rice soil, which is not mimicked by standard liquid laboratory conditions.

Image-based fuzzy logic control for pressure-driven droplet microfluidics as autosampler for multimodal imaging microscopy.

Here we present a highly customisable image-based fuzzy logic control (FLC) method for pressure-driven droplet microfluidics. The system is designed to position droplets of different sizes in microfluidic chips of varying channel size in the centre of the region of interest (ROI) using two parallel multiple input single output (MISO) FLCs. Overall, 95.

Covalent Self-Assembly of Bio-HCP Nanoparticles for Shell-Programmed Encapsulation of Microbial Cells.

Modifying the bacterial surface through grafting functional nanoparticles is a common strategy for programing bacteria. At this moment, the targeted nanoparticles face a dilemma of no multifunctional structure, high toxicity, and weak chemical driving forces, which restrict the broad practical applications. Like a multistage booster of a rocket, we propose a multistage covalent self-assembly strategy to protect, expand, and control the encapsulated shells of microbial cells via biocompatible hyper-cross-linked polymer nanoparticles (Bio-HCP NPs) with internal porosity and surface functional groups.

Fast and Economic Microarray-Based Detection of Species-, Resistance-, and Virulence-Associated Genes in Clinical Strains of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE).

Today, there is a continuous worldwide battle against antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and that includes vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Methods that can adequately and quickly detect transmission chains in outbreaks are needed to trace and manage this problem fast and cost-effectively. In this study, DNA-microarray-based technology was developed for this purpose.

Diversification of Biofilm Populations under Repeated Phage Exposures Decreases the Efficacy of the Treatment.

Phage therapy has been proposed as a therapeutic alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of chronic, biofilm-related infections. To gain a deeper insight into the complex biofilm-phage interactions, we investigated in the present study the effect of three successive exposures to lytic phages of biofilms formed by the reference strains PAO1 and PA14 as well as of two sequential clinical isolates from the sputum of a patient with cystic fibrosis (CF). The Calgary device was employed as a biofilm model and the efficacy of phage treatment was evaluated by measurements of the biomass stained with crystal violet (CV) and of the cell density of the biofilm bacterial population (CFU/mL) after each of the three phage exposures.

Raman Spectroscopy for Instant Bladder Tumor Diagnosis: System Development and In Vivo Proof-Of-Principle Study in Accordance with the European Medical Device Regulation (MDR2017/745).

This work reports on an in vivo Raman-based endoscopy system, invaScope, enabling Raman measurements of healthy and tumor bladder tissue during an endoscopic procedure in the operating theatre. The presented study outlines the progression from the initial concept (validated through previously performed ex vivo studies) to the approval and implementation of a clinical investigational device according to the requirement within the framework of the European Medical Device Regulation (MDR2017/745). The study's primary objective was to employ the invaScope Raman system within the bladder, capturing in vivo spectroscopic Raman data followed by standard histo- and cytopathological examinations of urological tissue (considered the gold standard).

Alkyne-tagged imidazolium-based membrane cholesterol analogs for Raman imaging applications.

Cholesterol is an important lipid playing a crucial role in mediating essential cellular processes as well as maintaining the basic structural integrity of biological membranes. Given its vast biological importance, there is an unabated need for sophisticated strategies to investigate cholesterol-mediated biological processes. Raman-tagged sterol analogs offer the advantage of being visualizable without the need for a bulky dye that potentially affects natural membrane integration and cellular interactions as it is the case for many conventionally used fluorescent analogs.

Sequencing a CC239-MRSA-III with a novel composite SCC mec element from Kuwait.

Staphylococcus aureus CC239-MRSA-III is an ancient pandemic strain of hospital-associated, methicillin-resistant S. aureus that spread globally for decades and that still can be found in some parts of the world. In Kuwait, microarray-based surveillance identified from 2019 to 2022 a series of isolates of a hitherto unknown variant of this strain that carried a second set of recombinase genes, ccrA/B-2.

Raman Spectral Analysis in the CH-Stretching Region as a Guiding Beacon for Non-Targeted, Disruption-Free Monitoring of Germination and Biofilm Formation in the Green Seaweed Ulva.

Raman spectroscopy was used to study the complex interactions and morphogenesis of the green seaweed Ulva (Chlorophyta) and its associated bacteria under controlled conditions in a reductionist model system. Integrating multiple imaging techniques contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of these biological processes. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy was introduced as a non-invasive, label-free tool for examining chemical information of the tripartite community Ulva mutabilis-Roseovarius sp.

Characterisation of PVL-Positive from the United Arab Emirates.

is a recently described staphylococcal species that is related to but lacks the staphyloxanthin operon. It is able to acquire both resistance markers such as the SCC elements and mobile genetic elements carrying virulence-associated genes from . This includes those encoding the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), which is associated mainly with severe and/or recurrent staphylococcal skin and soft tissue infections.

Near-Infrared Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (NIR-FRET) Imaging of MMP-2 in ALI/ARDS in LPS-Treated Mice.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent proteinases that are capable of cleavage of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and enzymes and play an important role in lung dysfunction. Specifically, MMP-2 is produced in the lung by alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells and other immune cells, such as macrophages. MMP-2 regulatory pathway is initiated in alveolar macrophages during acute lung injury (ALI), which may increase pulmonary inflammation.

Molecular Characterization of Chimeric Strains from Waterfowl.

is a versatile pathogen that does not only occur in humans but also in various wild and domestic animals, including several avian species. When characterizing isolates from waterfowl, isolates were identified as atypical CC133 by DNA microarray analysis. They differed from previously sequenced CC133 strains in the presence of the collagen adhesin gene ; some also showed a different capsule type and a deviant type.

Biallelic NUDT2 variants defective in mRNA decapping cause a neurodevelopmental disease.

Dysfunctional RNA processing caused by genetic defects in RNA processing enzymes has a profound impact on the nervous system, resulting in neurodevelopmental conditions. We characterized a recessive neurological disorder in 18 children and young adults from 10 independent families typified by intellectual disability, motor developmental delay and gait disturbance. In some patients peripheral neuropathy, corpus callosum abnormalities and progressive basal ganglia deposits were present.

Managing and monitoring a pandemic: showcasing a practical approach for the genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.

With the rapidly growing amount of biological data, powerful but also flexible data management and visualization systems are of increasingly crucial importance. The COVID-19 pandemic has more than highlighted this need and the challenges scientists are facing. Here, we provide an example and a step-by-step template for non-IT personnel to easily implement an intuitive, interactive data management solution to manage and visualize the high influx of biological samples and associated metadata in a laboratory setting.

Immunosuppressive effects of circulating bile acids in human endotoxemia and septic shock: patients with liver failure are at risk.

Background: Sepsis-induced immunosuppression is a frequent cause of opportunistic infections and death in critically ill patients. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms is needed to develop targeted therapies. Circulating bile acids with immunosuppressive effects were recently identified in critically ill patients.

Starvation Protects Hepatocytes from Inflammatory Damage through Paradoxical mTORC1 Signaling.

Unlabelled: Background and aims Sepsis-related liver failure is associated with a particularly unfavorable clinical outcome. Calorie restriction is a well-established factor that can increase tissue resilience, protect against liver failure and improve outcome in preclinical models of bacterial sepsis. However, the underlying molecular basis is difficult to investigate in animal studies and remains largely unknown.

What the Phage: a scalable workflow for the identification and analysis of phage sequences.

Phages are among the most abundant and diverse biological entities on earth. Phage prediction from sequence data is a crucial first step to understanding their impact on the environment. A variety of bacteriophage prediction tools have been developed over the years.