Increased Brightness and Reduced Efficiency Droop in Perovskite Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Using Carbazole-Based Phosphonic Acid Interface Modifiers.

We demonstrate the use of [2-(9-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz) and [2-(3,6-di--butyl-9-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (-Bu-2PACz) as anode modification layers in metal-halide perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). Compared to conventional QLED structures with PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate)/PVK (poly(9-vinylcarbazole)) hole-transport layers, the QLEDs made with phosphonic acid (PA)-modified indium tin oxide (ITO) anodes show an over seven-fold increase in brightness, achieving a brightness of 373,000 cd m, one of the highest brightnesses reported to date for colloidal perovskite QLEDs. Importantly, the onset of efficiency roll-off, or efficiency droop, occurs at ∼1000-fold higher current density for QLEDs made with PA-modified anodes compared to control QLEDs made with conventional PEDOT:PSS/PVK hole transport layers, allowing the devices to sustain significantly higher levels of external quantum efficiency at a brightness of >10 cd m.

Determining Outcomes in Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion and Mild Stroke Who Did or Did Not Receive Thrombolytics and/or Thrombectomy.

Objectives: The utility of thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy in patients with mild stroke and large vessel occlusion (LVO) remains inconclusive. This retrospective study compared short-term and long-term outcomes in patients treated with best medical therapy (BMT group) versus with intravenous thrombolytics and/or endovascular thrombectomy (intervention group).

Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), LVO, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS) ≤5 were included.

Don't mind the gap: reframing the Perren strain rule for fracture healing using insights from virtual mechanical testing.

Aims: The "2 to 10% strain rule" for fracture healing has been widely interpreted to mean that interfragmentary strain greater than 10% predisposes a fracture to nonunion. This interpretation focuses on the gap-closing strain (axial micromotion divided by gap size), ignoring the region around the gap where osteogenesis typically initiates. The aim of this study was to measure gap-closing and 3D interfragmentary strains in plated ovine osteotomies and associate local strain conditions with callus mineralization.

Elucidating Thermodynamically Driven Structure-Property Relations for Zeolite Adsorption Using Neural Networks.

Understanding the origin and effect of the confinement of molecules and transition states within the micropores of a zeolite can enable targeted design of such materials for catalysis, gas storage, and membrane-based separations. Linear correlations of the thermodynamic parameters of molecular adsorption in zeolites have been proposed; however, their generalizability across diverse molecular classes and zeolite structures has not been established. Here, using molecular simulations of >3500 combinations of adsorbates and zeolites, we show that linear trends hold in many cases; however, they collapse for highly confined systems.

Systolic Anterior Motion of the Mitral Valve Post-Heart Transplant Secondary to an Unusual Mechanism.

In this case report, we discuss the critical interdependence of structure and function in demonstrating systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve after repeat heart transplantation, where residual apical tissue of the explanted heart remained in place. The resulting conformational changes led to anterior displacement of the mitral valve and persistent SAM.

Multi-modal cross-domain self-supervised pre-training for fMRI and EEG fusion.

Neuroimaging techniques including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) have shown promise in detecting functional abnormalities in various brain disorders. However, existing studies often focus on a single domain or modality, neglecting the valuable complementary information offered by multiple domains from both fMRI and EEG, which is crucial for a comprehensive representation of disorder pathology. This limitation poses a challenge in effectively leveraging the synergistic information derived from these modalities.

Tramadol as a fentanyl adulterant: Prevalence and management in a ToxIC Fentalog study prospective cohort.

Background: Tramadol is an adulterant of illicit opioids. As it is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor as well as a μ-opioid agonist, tramadol adulteration may worsen overdose signs and symptoms or affect the amount of naloxone patients receive.

Methods: This is a multicenter, prospective cohort of adult patients with suspected opioid overdoses who presented to one of eight United States emergency departments and were included in the Toxicology Investigators Consortium's Fentalog Study.

The effect of automated insulin delivery system use on diabetes distress in people with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Diabetes distress (DD) is prevalent among people with diabetes. While automated insulin delivery systems (AIDs) improve glycaemic control, their impact on DD is unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of AIDs on DD in people with diabetes and their caregivers.

Antiracist activism for immigrant rights and healthy coping: Initial evidence for a community-based framework.

Racist and xenophobic policies in the United States (e.g., family separations and lack of access to protected immigration statuses for undocumented immigrants) have historically excluded immigrants of color from accessing full civil rights, thus contributing to widening racial inequities in the US.

The feasibility of utilizing the open dynamic interaction network (ODIN) app to assess rEMA data across 30 days among those recovering from alcohol use disorders.

Preliminary data from a prospective micro-longitudinal study (30 days) that examined the co-evolution of return to use risk among people diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder (AUD) in residential substance treatment is presented. Data assessed the feasibility of using the open dynamic interaction network (ODIN) responsive ecological momentary assessment (rEMA). rEMA collected daily estimates on affect, urges, sober-support engagement, and use.

Metabolic Syndrome: An Updated Review on Diagnosis and Treatment for Primary Care Clinicians.

Objective: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors (central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance) that affects between 12.5% and 31.4% of adults worldwide.

Counting rare endosymbionts using digital droplet PCR.

is the most widespread animal-associated intracellular microbe, living within the cells of over half of insect species. Since they can suppress pathogen replication and spread rapidly through insect populations, is at the vanguard of public health initiatives to control mosquito-borne diseases. 's abilities to block pathogens and spread quickly are closely linked to their abundance in host tissues.

Accounting for learning environments in academic screening.

Within multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) practice and research, students' need for academic intervention is often determined by comparison of students' screening scores to cut scores. We examined the degree to which the relationship between students' fall screening data (i.e.

Dopamine receptors D1, D2, and D4 modulate electrical synapses and excitability in the thalamic reticular nucleus.

The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is a thin shell of gap junction coupled GABAergic inhibitory neurons that regulate afferent sensory relay of the thalamus. The TRN receives dopaminergic innervation from the midbrain, and it is known to express high concentrations of D1 and D4 receptors. Although dopaminergic modulation of presynaptic inputs to TRN has been described, the direct effect of dopamine on TRN neurons and its electrical synapses is largely unknown.

Defining harmful news reporting on community firearm violence: A modified Delphi consensus study.

Community firearm violence (CFV), including fatal and non-fatal shootings that result from interpersonal violence, disproportionately harms people from marginalized racial groups. News reporting on CFV can further exacerbate these harms. However, examining the effects of harmful news reporting on CFV on individuals, communities, and society is hindered by the lack of a consensus definition of harmful reporting on CFV.

The Professional Identity of STEM Faculty as Instructors of Course-based Research Experiences.

The professional identity of scientists has historically been cultivated to value research over teaching, which can undermine initiatives that aim to reform science education. Course-Based Research Experiences (CRE) and the inclusive Research and Education Communities (iREC) are two successful and impactful reform efforts that integrate research and teaching. The aim of this study is to explicate the professional identity of instructors who implement a CRE within an established iREC and to explore how this identity contributes to the success of these programs.

Microdroplet Resuspension Off Surfaces.

Understanding the resuspension of droplets from surfaces into air is important for elucidating a range of processes such as disease transmission of airborne pathogens and determining environmental contamination and the effectiveness of cleaning procedures. The resuspension condition is defined as the escape velocity of a droplet from a surface. This study investigated the dynamics of microliter-sized droplet resuspension off surfaces utilizing a novel free-fall device.

Shifting evaluative construal: Common and distinct neural components of moral, pragmatic, and hedonic evaluations.

People generate evaluations of different attitude objects based on their goals and aspects of the social context. Prior research suggests that people can shift between at least three types of evaluations to judge whether something is good or bad: (how costly or beneficial it is), (whether it is aligned with moral norms), and (whether it feels good; Van Bavel et al., 2012).

Return on Investment of Preoperative Anemia Management Programs in Cardiac Surgery: An Advisory From the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Clinical Practice Improvement Committee With Endorsement by the Society for the Advancement of Patient Blood Management.

Despite multiple recent guidelines recommending the diagnosis and treatment of anemia before elective cardiac surgery, few institutions have formal programs or methods in place to accomplish this. A major limitation is the perceived financial shortfall and the leadership buy-in required to undertake such an initiative. The purpose of this advisory from the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists (SCA) Clinical Practice Improvement Committee with endorsement by the Society for the Advancement of Patient Blood Management (SABM) is to provide an overview of preoperative anemia management programs with an emphasis on the associated financial implications.

Evolving Emulsion Microcompartments via Enzyme-Mimicking Amyloid-Mediated Interfacial Catalysis.

Living organisms take in matter and energy from their surroundings, transforming these inputs into forms that cells can use to sustain metabolism and power various functions. A significant advancement in the development of protocells and life-like materials has been the creation of cell-like microcompartments capable of evolving into higher-order structures characterized by hierarchy and complexity. In this study, a smart emulsion system is designed to digests chemical substrates and generates organic or inorganic products, driving the self-organization and structuration of microcompartments.

Complications: skull base and cerebrovascular.

Neurosurgical complications are a rich source for learning, but they are grossly underutilized for the purpose of surgeon education. Details of the complications, which make them all the more powerful as teaching tools, are restricted to morbidity and mortality conferences behind closed doors, and open discussions of the topic are blurred by hypotheticals in order to shield the presenters from medicolegal risks. In this issue of Neurosurgical Focus, 9 neurosurgeons were invited to present complications they encountered along with the details and specific lessons they learned.

Expanding the Reaction Network of Ethylene Epoxidation on Partially Oxidized Silver Catalysts.

An extended microkinetic model (MKM) for the selective oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide (EO) is presented, based on an oxidic representation of the silver (Ag) surface, namely, the p(4 × 4) oxidic reconstruction of the Ag(111) phase to mimic the significant oxygen coverage under reaction conditions, as is evidenced by recent operando spectroscopic studies. The MKM features three pathways each for producing either ethylene oxide (EO) or carbon dioxide (CO), including the common intermediate or oxometallacycle (OMC) pathway, an atomic oxygen pathway, as well as pathways centered around the role of a diatomic oxygen species occupying an oxygen vacancy (O/O*). The MKM uses a composite set of experimental and density functional theory (DFT) kinetic parameters, which is further optimized and trained on experimental reaction data.

"We Were Just so Sad and Devastated": NICU Nurses' Stories of Caring for Families With Substance-Exposed Pregnancies.

This secondary analysis re-examined stories of caregiving told by NICU nurses in the southeast US through a trauma theory lens expanding on research surrounding substance-exposed pregnancies. Narrative analysis identified distress-related experiences of nurses related to child custody decisions and outcomes, suggesting traumatic stress within this caregiving dynamic. Four distinct story types and three themes were identified across 23 stories, highlighting similarities and differences and illustrating how distress and trauma were experienced and may be manifested in care practices.