Variations in Courtesy Authorship Perceptions and Practices Among Modern Surgical Journals: The Generation Gap.

Background: Academic journals have adopted strict authorship guidelines to eliminate the addition of authors who have not met criteria, also known as "courtesy authors." We sought to analyze current perceptions, practices, and academic rank-related variations in courtesy authorship use among modern surgical journals.

Methods: Authors who published original research articles in 2014-2015 in eight surgical journals were surveyed and categorized as junior (JF) or senior faculty (SF) by years in practice.

Comparison of Continuous Adductor Canal and Femoral Nerve Blocks for Analgesia and Return of Quadriceps Function After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Adolescent Patients.

Purpose: To compare early pain relief and late quadriceps function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with hamstring autograft in adolescent patients treated with either a continuous femoral nerve block (cFNB) or continuous adductor canal block (cACB).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of adolescent patients who underwent ACLR and received either a cACB or cFNB for postoperative pain management. Over a 1-year period, all patients underwent ACLR with cFNBs.

Horner Syndrome induced by toxoplasmosis infection in a patient with AIDS and disseminated herpes simplex virus.

Purpose: This case report describes a case of Horner syndrome resulting from central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis in an immunocompromised patient. Horner Syndrome is a neurological condition characterized by unilateral miosis, ptosis with apparent enophthalmos, and anhidrosis due to inhibition of the sympathetic pathway. The ocular sympathetic pathway runs from the posterolateral hypothalamus to the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V1).

CRB1 related retinal degeneration with novel mutation.

Purpose: To describe novel and previously unreported genetic mutations in the CRB1 gene in a patient with retinal dystrophy. To increase the genotype-phenotype understanding of CRB1-related retinal degenerative diseases and describe patients' response to therapy.

Observations: Patient was evaluated for progressive loss of central and peripheral vision.

Pediatric trauma triage: A Pediatric Trauma Society Research Committee systematic review.

Background: Significant variability exists in the triage of injured children with most systems using mechanism of injury and/or physiologic criteria. It is not well established if existing triage criteria predict the need for intervention or impact morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated existing evidence for pediatric trauma triage.

Into the wild and on to the table: A Western Trauma Association multicenter analysis and comparison of wilderness falls in rock climbers and nonclimbers.

Background: Wilderness activities expose outdoor enthusiasts to austere environments with injury potential, including falls from height. The majority of published data on falls while climbing or hiking are from emergency departments. We sought to more accurately describe the injury pattern of wilderness falls that lead to serious injury requiring trauma center evaluation and to further distinguish climbing as a unique pattern of injury.

Postpartum Headache due to Cerebellar Infarct Initially Misdiagnosed as Postdural Puncture Headache: A Case Report.

We present the case of a 39-year-old woman with postpartum cerebellar infarction (CI) following spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. The patient experienced mild headache after postoperative day 1 and returned on postoperative day 6 with a severe headache. For the subsequent 3 days, she underwent conservative treatment for presumed postdural puncture headache (PDPH) before neurologic decline and diagnosis of CI on postoperative day 9.

Lung Resection for Trauma: A Propensity Score Adjusted Analysis Comparing Wedge Resection, Lobectomy, and Pneumonectomy.

The resection of lung parenchyma for thoracic trauma is uncommon. Different surgical procedures with a wide range of complexities have been described depending on the severity of trauma and the presence of associated injuries. The aim of this study was to analyze outcomes of wedge resection, lobectomy, and pneumonectomy.

Direct to operating room trauma resuscitation: Optimizing patient selection and time-critical outcomes when minutes count.

Background: Although several trauma centers have developed direct to operating room (DOR) trauma resuscitation programs, there is little published data on optimal patient selection, practices, and outcomes. We sought to analyze triage criteria and interventions associated with optimal DOR outcomes and resource utilization.

Methods: Retrospective review of all adult DOR resuscitations for a 6-year period was performed.

Reliability of the Dexcom G6 Continuous Glucose Monitor During Hyperbaric Oxygen Exposure.

People with diabetes-related ulcers may benefit from hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy and from continuous glucose monitors (CGM). Although blood glucose (BG) meters based on glucose oxidase (GO) report erroneously low values at high pO, BG meters based on glucose dehydrogenase (GD) do not. We therefore examined the performance of a GO-based CGM system in comparison to GO-based and GD-based BG systems in normobaric air (NBAir), hyperbaric air (HBAir), and HBO environments.

Medical Comanagement of Hip Fracture Patients Is Not Associated with Superior Perioperative Outcomes: A Propensity Score-Matched Retrospective Cohort Analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project.

Background: Medical comanagement entails a significant commitment of clinical resources with the aim of improving perioperative outcomes for patients admitted with hip fractures. To our knowledge, no national analyses have demonstrated whether patients benefit from this practice.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) targeted user file for hip fracture 2016-2017.

Association of Increasing Use of Spinal Anesthesia in Hip Fracture Repair With Treating an Aging Patient Population.

This study assesses the use of spinal anesthesia as the primary anesthetic strategy for operative repair of hip fracture using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Rotational thromboelastometry predicts transfusion and disability in pediatric trauma.

Background: Trauma-induced coagulopathy seen on rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is associated with poor outcomes in adults; however, this relationship is poorly understood in the pediatric population. We sought to define thresholds for product-specific transfusion and evaluate the prognostic efficacy of ROTEM in injured children.

Methods: Demographics, ROTEM, and clinical outcomes from severely injured children (age, < 18 years) admitted to a Level I trauma center between 2014 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.

Rectal Injury After Foreign Body Insertion: Secondary Analysis From the AAST Contemporary Management of Rectal Injuries Study Group.

Background: Retained rectal foreign bodies are a common but incompletely studied problem. This study defined the epidemiology, injury severity, and outcomes after rectal injuries following foreign body insertion.

Methods: Twenty-two level I trauma centers retrospectively identified all patients sustaining a rectal injury in this AAST multi-institutional trial (2005-2014).

Courtesy Authorship in Academic Surgery Publications.

Importance: Courtesy authorship is defined as including an individual who has not met authorship criteria as an author. Although most journals follow strict authorship criteria, the current incidence of courtesy authorship is unknown.

Objective: To assess the practices related to courtesy authorship in surgical journals and academia.

No Reduction in Surgical Site Infection Obtained with Post-Operative Antibiotics in Facial Fractures, Regardless of Duration or Anatomic Location: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

We performed a systematic review of the literature on antibiotic prophylaxis practices in open reduction, and internal fixation of, facial fracture(s) (ORIFfx). We hypothesized that prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) would not decrease the rate of surgical site infections (SSIs). We performed a systematic review of four databases: PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBase, and Web of Science, from inception through January 15, 2017.

Four Practical Reconstructive Techniques Using the Transantral Approach to the Orbital Floor Without the Need for an Endoscope.

Fractures of the orbital floor have traditionally been treated through transorbital approaches. Transconjunctival approaches risk entropion, whereas transcutaneous approaches risk ectropion or hypertrophic scarring. The intraoral transantral approach to the orbital floor has the advantage of minimizing the risk of any eyelid changes while providing appropriate access to reduce the herniated orbital contents and restore orbital volume.

Preperitoneal balloon tamponade and resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta: Alternatives to open packing for pelvic fracture-associated hemorrhage.

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of preperitoneal balloon tamponade (PPB), resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the orta (REBOA), and open preperitoneal packing (OP) in a realistic animal model of pelvic fracture-associated hemorrhage.

Methods: Thirty-nine swine underwent creation of open-book pelvic fracture and iliac vascular injury. Animals were randomized to no intervention (n = 7), OP (n = 10), PPB (n = 9), zone 1 REBOA (n = 7), and zone 3 REBOA (n = 6) at a mean arterial pressure less than 40 mm Hg from uncontrolled hemorrhage.

Efficacy of intermittent versus standard resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in a lethal solid organ injury model.

Background: High-grade solid organ injury is a major cause of mortality in trauma. Use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) can be effective but is limited by ischemia-reperfusion injury. Intermittent balloon inflation/deflation has been proposed as an alternative, but the safety and efficacy prior to operative hemorrhage control is unknown.

Higher CSF Levels of NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Associated With Poor Prognosis of Anti-N-methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is accepted as an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a potent innate inflammatory mediator, can activate IL-1β and induce the migration of T helper cell into CNS. However, the possible role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis remains unclear.